Nanjizhou is located in the Antarctic region, with an area of140,000 square kilometers, accounting for 9.4% of the world's land area, which is larger than that of Europe and Oceania. 98% of the whole continent is covered with ice and snow, with an average ice thickness of1.880m, and the thickest part can reach 4000m. The average elevation of the land under the ice is only 450m, which can be divided into two parts: the southeast pole, which is dominated by the ancient plateau, and the trans-Antarctic mountains are located on the edge of the plateau. There are many volcanoes in the mountains and nearby islands. The southwest pole is a folded belt, which consists of mountains, plateaus and basins. It is the coldest region in the world, surrounded by the westerly cold current all the year round, and the annual average temperature in the central region is -56. The absolute minimum temperature is -89.2℃, which is the lowest temperature measured in the world at present. In July, the average coastal temperature in Leng Yue is -20-30℃, and the average temperature is -40-70℃, which is the area with the most storms and the strongest winds in the world. It is rich in resources. The discovered mineral deposits are: iron, copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt, gold, silver, manganese, molybdenum, titanium, platinum group, lead, zinc, tin, uranium, coal, petroleum, mica, fluorite and so on. There are nutritious and delicious krill in the surrounding waters. It is a huge freshwater reservoir in the world. Antarctica is the latest land known to mankind. From15th century, navigators began to search for the southernmost continent in the world, and finally landed on the Antarctic continent for the first time in 182 1 year. Since then, mankind has begun scientific research on the Antarctic continent. But there are still no settled residents here. Only researchers and whaling teams from other continents. 1959, the Antarctic Treaty was signed by 12 countries. The treaty stipulates that Antarctica is an unarmed zone, and all States parties are prohibited from establishing military bases, conducting military exercises and nuclear tests, and placing nuclear waste in Antarctica. They do not recognize any country's territorial claim to Antarctica, but countries are free to conduct scientific research. And encourage countries to exchange information on scientific research in Antarctica. Later, some countries joined the Antarctic Treaty, and China joined the Treaty in 1983. At present, the former Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, Argentina, Australia, Chile, South Africa, New Zealand, Japan, France, Poland, Brazil and China have established more than 100 scientific research stations in Antarctica.