China Renmin University School of History holds a bachelor's degree in history. Before archaeology and world history became first-class disciplines, the history department had eight related certificates, including ancient history of China, modern history of China, world history, special history, historical theory and history, historical philology, historical geography, archaeology and museum science, ancient history of China, modern history of China, world history, historical philology, special history, historical theory and history, historical geography and historical geography.
Professor Sven Gunter graduated from Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz with a doctorate in history. He used to be a research assistant at the Institute of Ancient History of Mainz University and an academic member of the Department of Ancient History of Bielefeld University. He is currently a professor at the Institute of Classical Civilization History (IHAC) of Northeast Normal University and the editor-in-chief of Ancient Civilization magazine. Professor Gunter has published a large number of works, such as Taxation is the Nerve of the Republic-Roman Empire from Augustus to Diocletian, On the Intentions and Suggestions in Character Writing: Explaining the Propaganda Forms and Functions of Characters in Latin Political-Historical Literature in the 1 th Century BC, Generals, Managers and Economists: Timothy and the Wartime Economy of Greece in the 4th Century BC, etc. Professor Gunter's research fields include ancient Greek and Roman economy, society, law, administration, politics, military affairs, numismatics, Ming literature, ancient history and Latin teaching methods, ancient literature and the history of accepting coins.
Professor Gunter believes that in the research field of economic history of ancient Greece and Rome, the century-long debate between "primitivism" and "modernism" has crossed in the last twenty years: primitivism once thought that ancient economy was primitive and was a self-sufficient family economy based on exchange rather than market; So in ancient society, there was no independent economic field, and the economy was "embedded" in the society. Modernists, on the other hand, think that ancient economy is also a developed market economy, which is only different from modern capitalism in degree, but not in essence. Due to the quantitative analysis method of archaeological data and the new achievements of comparative research between pre-modern societies in recent twenty years, this theoretical disagreement has changed. New institutional economics seems to be becoming a comprehensive theory to analyze ancient economy, that is, "neo-orthodoxy". This analytical method regards people as "homo non iamrationalis", observes people in various concrete or abstract systems, and thinks that these systems guide people to make economic decisions. This enables the first two opposing theories to be reconciled, especially "primitivism" and its "embedded" economic view to be more widely recognized.
However, "neo-orthodoxy" is by no means omnipotent. Professor Gunter further believes that the perspective of new institutionalism still fails to solve the problem of how to analyze the historical documents of economic activities and economic discourses. In view of this, Professor Gunter prefers to use E. Goffman's "Frame Analysis" to propose a new method to interpret ancient historical materials, that is, the authors of ancient documents will use their works to recognize, reflect and create certain rules and frameworks, express their economic thoughts to his potential readers, and even try to influence and change the readers' experience framework. For example, in the Code of Justinian, a short section of the collection of doctrines constitutes a case: it clearly shows how these rules and frameworks meet the needs of the times, and the author even completely falsifies the original intention of a passage in Plato's Republic to prove the authority and confirmation of his views.
Professor Gunter's lecture aroused great interest from the teachers and students present. In the judging session, based on his own research, Associate Professor Wang Daqing thought that Professor Gunter's research was quite enlightening and made a useful attempt to bridge and transcend the existing disputes. At the same time, he pointed out that in the economic research of ancient history, we should also attach great importance to the reference value of China's ancient economic history documents. Subsequently, other teachers and students present also had in-depth discussions and exchanges with Professor Gunter on their respective topics of interest.
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