The foreign economic and cultural exchanges of China feudal society can be roughly divided into three periods: the first period is the Qin and Han Dynasties. The main exchanges during this period were limited to neighboring countries such as North Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar. It was not until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty that there was formal direct communication with West Asia and Europe. Zhang Qian's "Silk Road" is the most brilliant achievement of China's diplomacy in this period, which is described emphatically in textbooks. When Ban Chao went to the Western Regions, he sent Gan Ying as a special envoy to Daqin (Roman Empire), and Gan Ying arrived at the western border of Rest. Due to unknown circumstances, he returned to the Persian Gulf. By 166, King Andun of Daqin sent envoys to China, which was the beginning of formal exchanges between China and Europe. The above situation is introduced in the textbook.
The second period of China's foreign contacts was the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and more importantly, the Sui and Tang Dynasties. During this period, China's feudal economy was in a prosperous stage, and foreign economic and cultural exchanges also developed greatly. The foreign relations in this period have three characteristics: First, China gradually formed as the economic and cultural center of the East. Economic and cultural exchanges with some neighboring countries are not limited to general exchanges. But as a center for training talents and economic exchanges. Second, the spatial scope of China's foreign economic and cultural exchanges was greatly expanded during this period. Besides East Asia and Southeast Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, Europe and even Africa have already had frequent commercial, economic and cultural exchanges. The most obvious is the merchants of Persian and Arab envoys.
A large number of Persians came to China. During the Tang Dynasty, some Persians stayed in China and never came back. Third, both sea and land transportation have been developed during this period.
The third period of China's foreign exchanges was the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the Opium War). The foreign relations in this period also had three characteristics: First, since the Northern Song Dynasty, the commodity economy in feudal society developed, domestic and foreign trade flourished, and foreign shipping also advanced by leaps and bounds, especially maritime transportation, which was among the best in the world. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China's fleet was the most active in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. Second, during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there were a group of international travelers with rich foreign economic and cultural experience in China. Including Wang Dayuan in Yuan Dynasty and Zheng He in Ming Dynasty. At the same time, among a large number of businessmen from Arabia, Persia and Europe, there are also a number of world-renowned travelers, such as the Italian Kyle Poirot and the Moroccan Ibn Beitutai who came to China in the Yuan Dynasty. Of course, Wang Dayuan and Ibn Battutai did not mention it in the textbook. Third, after the early Qing Dynasty, they closed their doors to the outside world because of feudal rule.
Seek successful and significant examples of foreign exchange in the history of China! Give a gold seal to the Japanese slave king, and we Han Xiandi will give a gold seal to the little Japanese king.
Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions, which were not ours at that time.
Gan Ying's absence from Daqin and Rome has enriched our knowledge of West Asia.
Jian Zhen traveled eastward to Japan. Overtake Tang Wenhua.
Xuanzang went west to Tianzhu. Learn Buddhism and boil sugar.
Mongols used combat knives and war horses to communicate with Europeans and West Asians, which was also quite successful and spread gunpowder.
The significance of Zheng He's voyage to the West lies in collecting many rare treasures, and letting the kings and leaders along the way know that there is a powerful and generous Ming Di in the East.
In the late Qing Dynasty, the first batch of students studying in the United States at public expense were mostly famous scholars.
What was the most active period in the ancient history of China? During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contended, which was a period of great cultural development in China. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, different schools of thought, such as Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalism and Mohism, appeared, which had a great social impact. By the mid-Warring States period, hundred schools of thought's theory was rich and colorful, which laid a broad foundation for China's cultural development. In China's terminology, this period is called "a hundred schools of thought contend" or "a hundred schools of thought contend".
Why is the ancient tea-horse road the five major channels for foreign exchange in the history of China? It is no exaggeration to say that the ancient tea-horse road is the fifth foreign exchange channel in the history of China, which has played a great role in communicating the economic and cultural ties between Tibet and the mainland. Since ancient times, it has stretched between the Hengduan Mountains and the mountains of the Tibetan Plateau. It is the highest-lying and steepest traffic post road in the world. It is also the world's most spectacular natural scenery and the most mysterious tourism boutique route. It contains inexhaustible cultural heritage. The people of all ethnic groups in southwest tea-growing areas overcame many difficulties such as climate and geography, and transported tea and various materials to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is known as the "roof of the world", and strengthened communication between the people of all ethnic groups in the mainland and the west.
In the south of the cloud, it is a blessing to have tea as a companion. I have always been confident that our huge Chinese nation, from the day of human awakening, is a nation obsessed with "being as good as water". Understand the tea ceremony, go deep into the blood.
Talk about your understanding of foreign exchanges in the history of China;
① The communication between ancient oriental (Asian-African) civilization and ancient western (European) civilization is the most important communication of ancient world civilization;
(2) Peaceful communication is the most important way of communication between Chinese and foreign civilizations. The exchange of different civilizations can promote the development of their respective civilizations.
The most active period of China's ancient history thought is the Warring States Period, and the Warring States Period is the most active period of China's ancient history thought. There were many different schools at that time, and many schools in ancient China were born at that time. Although these schools were later attacked by people in modern times, they had a great influence on China and foreign countries. Followed by Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Three Kingdoms period.
When was the most active period of foreign exchange by sea and land in ancient China? In the Song Dynasty, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, trade reached the Red Sea as far as possible, which was very frequent. As for the Ming dynasty mentioned above, the frequency and sum are much lower than those of the Southern Song Dynasty. Zheng He's voyages to the West were not so much trade as political activities. Zhu Mao Yuan-zhang and Cheng Zu (Judy) of the Ming Dynasty held opposite attitudes towards the sea ban, and their attitudes towards the sea ban were also ambiguous, and because of the ravages of the Japanese for a period of time,
In the history of China, which dynasty was the first year of the Republic of China? In the history of China, there are several appellations about Yuanxiao. I don't know which one you want to ask The following are listed for reference:
105 ——105 The year number of Hanhe in the Eastern Han Dynasty is Yuanxing.
From 264 to 265, Sun Hao, the last Dongwu emperor of the Three Kingdoms, was named Yuanxing.
404-406 Yuan Xing, Emperor Jin 'an of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sima Dezong.
Who painted the most vivid Wu Daozi in the history of China? He drew a wolf on the mountain. For months, sheep were afraid to eat grass on the mountain.
In the history of China, which foreign dynasty was the strongest, no one dared to provoke the strength of the Qin Dynasty at the same time, and no one dared to provoke it. Followed by the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty Guangwudi period, the early Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Ming Dynasty Chengzu period, the Qing Dynasty Kang Yong period.