2. The territory of ancient Indian civilization once included the Republic of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, parts of southern Afghanistan and Nepal. After 1947, the territory of India only includes the present Republic of India.
3. Portugal was the first European country to establish a stronghold in India, and their colony was outside the territory of Mughal Empire. Since then, the Dutch have also actively intervened and defeated the Portuguese. Aurangzeb ignored the danger of European colonists in the heyday of the empire, and his descendants were already weak because of the decline of the empire when they were forced to face Europeans. By the18th century, the European powers pursuing interests in India were mainly Britain and France. After some struggle, the British gained an advantage and weakened the existence of France to only a few small colonies. The main entity that manages British affairs in India is the British East India Company. Due to the division of the Mughal Empire, this commercial and trading enterprise gradually encroached on the territory of independent Indian princes and eventually became the actual ruler of India. The early East India Company could not directly confront the imperial government, but succeeded in obtaining the trade privilege from the emperor Mohammed Farouk szilard through personal friendship. After szilard died in a court plot, a series of short-lived emperors came to power, the empire fell into chaos, and remote provinces became independent. Malata is very powerful. They seized Rajasthan, Gujarat and other places from the empire. However, the internal struggle also damaged them, making them change from a unified kingdom into a loose alliance (Marata League).
4. 1739, King Nadisa of Persia made a terrible invasion of India, burned Delhi and cut off all Indian territories west of the Indus River. Since then, Ahmad Shah, the ruler of Afghanistan, has invaded India many times, especially in the third Panipat Battle of 176 1, and the only Malata in India who hoped to replace Mughal to establish a powerful regime was also defeated by him. These events objectively created convenience for the East India Company to establish colonial rule. As various forces in India have been hit hard, it is possible for the British to use force to achieve their goals. 1757, British officer Coraf defeated Siradj Udora, the French-backed maharaja of Bangladesh, making Bangladesh a puppet of the East India Company, paving the way for conquering the whole of North India. In the Battle of Bhusal in 1764, the British army crushed the allied forces of Bangladeshi maharaja Mir Kassem and Mughal emperor who tried to get out of control. The Mughal imperial government was nominally obedient to the colonists. Since then, after the Mysore War and three Malata Wars, the relatively powerful forces against British rule in India have been basically eliminated. 18 18 After the Malata regime finally collapsed, most Indian princes recognized the suzerainty of the East India Company. The latest Indian territories annexed by Britain are Sindh (1843), Punjab controlled by Sikhs (1849), Belal (1853) and Ode (1856).
5. The famous Indian national uprising broke out in 1857 due to various unfavorable policies of the colonists. The direct trigger of the uprising was the rumor among Indian soldiers about distributing bullets coated with animal fat, which seriously violated the religious beliefs of Indians. The uprising was mainly led by feudal princes, and the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II was elected as the nominal leader. Both Muslims and Hindus actively participated, and the riots quickly spread to two-thirds of India's territory. The British army concentrated all its strength and used the manpower of Sikhs and Gurkha mercenaries to severely suppress the uprising. 1857 The Indian uprising brought great political consequences. The British government realized that there were serious defects in its India policy and began to make major adjustments. 1858 The Indian Management Improvement Act abolished the East India Company, and the Minister of Indian Affairs took over all its functions and powers. And established the Indian government headed by the Indian governor. The British also officially ended the meaningless Mughal dynasty and exiled Bahadur Shah II to Myanmar. Since then, India has entered the era of direct rule by the British government.