Caesarea is actually the name of three different cities: one in Palestine, one in Capadocia (Asia Minor) and one in Mauritania, which is now Algeria. The first city, Caesarea Palestine, was built by Herod around 25 BC. Like the other two cities, it was named after the Roman emperor Augustus (27 BC-AD 14). It is the administrative capital of the province, and was designated as a colony by Emperor Wei Pa-mi in the 1 th century. This city later became the capital of Judea. The second city, Caesarea Capadocia, was conquered by Alexander the Great. In A.D. 17, it became a province by Emperor Tiberius (reigned in A.D. 14-37). Finally, Caesarea Mauritania is located on the northern coast of Africa, near today's city of Algiers. It was originally named Iol.

Juba II

Juba makes this city a typical Greek and Roman city, with street grids, theaters, art collections and lighthouses.

Caesarea Mauritania was originally founded by Phoenicians as a trading post in the 5th century BC. In the 3rd century BC, due to its strategic position, new fortifications were built. In 33 BC, Rome annexed the area and put it in the hands of a Nubian prince named Juba II. Although his father was an ally of Pompeii, Juba lived in Rome under the guidance of Julius Caesar and learned to read and write Greek and Latin. Because he was considered too romanized to rule, when Emperor Augustus intervened, Juba and his wife Cleopatra Selene (daughter of marc anthony and Cleopatra VII) were in a dominant position in the civil strife. Juba turned the city into a typical Greek and Roman city, with street grids, theaters, art collections and lighthouses similar to those of Alexandria. Jubaba named the city Caesarea after Augustus.

Later history

Caesarea Mauritania, considered as one of the more loyal provinces, began to grow and develop under Roman rule, with a population of over 20,000. In 44 AD, during the reign of Emperor Claudius (4 1-54 AD), it became the capital of Julius Caesar Mauritania. Later, the emperor named it colonia Claudia Caesarea. Like many other cities throughout the Roman Empire, he and his followers further romanized the area, building monuments, expanding bathrooms, increasing amphitheaters and improving ditches. Later, under the rule of Seville dynasty, the new Rome Forum joined. Although it will be recovered, the city was looted by the Moors in a rebellion in 371372 AD. The area was finally occupied by the Vandals in 429, but in 533, the city was occupied by the Byzantine emperor Justinian (reigned from 527 to 565). Since then, earthquakes have destroyed many ancient relics.