Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi Province are located on Wuzhou Cliff at the west of Datong 16 km. It is one kilometer long from east to west, with 53 main caves and more than 50,000 sculptures, which are very spectacular. Yungang Grottoes were actually excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty more than 1500 years ago, and it took tens of thousands of people 50 years to complete. But there is another kind of "legend of the origin of grottoes" among the people.

It was 2800 years ago, there was a big sand dune in the northern part of the Loess Plateau, and charming music often came from below. What's going on here? Someone wanted to dig it out and have a look, but they dug a big hole and found nothing, and the music disappeared. People who lost their breath left one after another, except a teenage shepherd named Wu Zhou, who kept digging and digging when the sheep were grazing every day. When you are tired of digging, you will play the flute, and when you blow, you will hear a sound deep in the bunker. Dig and blow or not listen. One day, Wu Zhou suddenly heard a voice: "We are going out, so hide quickly." Wu Zhou shouted happily, "Come out quickly, I've been waiting for you for ten years." Run out of a dozen miles in one breath. With a bang, the bunker was filled up and a magnificent temple appeared on the ground. There are clouds outside the temple, dancing in the sky, musicians playing and bells and drums ringing. Wu Zhou was fascinated and couldn't help moving forward. In an instant, the music stopped abruptly. When he looked carefully, the dancers and spectators turned into stone men, and both kept their previous postures, and the temple became a grotto. At this time, people who heard the news and came to watch the excitement stood in front of the clouds and clouds. I don't know who called "Wuzhou", and the shepherd became a stone man with a flute. In memory of him, people called that mountain Wuzhou Mountain.

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What are the characteristics of Yungang Grottoes?

One. The era of sculpture is early. Yungang Grottoes were excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty. About 1600 years ago. Two. This statue is magnificent. The early statues in Yungang Grottoes were very large. That is, Tan Yao's Cave No.5 (Cave 16-20). The largest Buddha statue,17m, is the fifth cave. Others are also around 10- 16 meters. Of course, there are small Buddha statues. Three. This statue is exquisite. The sculpture style of Yungang Grottoes is a mixture of various artistic styles. In other words, you can see Indian style, Gandhara style, Greek style, western style and so on in Yungang Grottoes. In the early statues of the Northern Wei Dynasty, we can see the faces of Xianbei people. However, the later statues were heavily sinicized and have been finalized. Such as Longmen Grottoes. Or many small caves after Cave 20 of Yungang Grottoes. Most of these caves were dug after moving the capital. Moreover, it is privately dug, without the royal spirit of the previous grottoes. Four. Pour the national financial resources and build a colossus. The carving project of Yungang Grottoes was a royal project of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which took an unknown amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources for about 60 years. There is also that this was done at one time, without the participation of other dynasties. The third cave is an exception. The third cave is the largest cave in Yungang, and most scholars believe that the Buddha statue in it was carved later. The age of block printing is still controversial, including the late Northern Wei Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. Judging from the sculpture style, I tend to say Tang Dynasty. ) Other large grottoes in China were excavated in past dynasties. For example, Dunhuang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes. Five. The carving technique is superb. The Buddha statues in Yungang Grottoes are carved in high relief. Six. The big Buddha statues all represent an emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Buddha is the son of heaven, and the ritual Buddha is the son of heaven. Seven. Strict and unified layout? This is all nonsense. Can the Royal Project be carved randomly? Symmetry and unity are necessary. Oh, there are plenty of double caves in Yungang Grottoes, that is, two caves with the same carving time, space size and layout structure. Let's write so much. I don't know if you are satisfied. Have a look sometime. Very shocking! Ha ha!

Browse 6997 20 18-08-06

How old is Yungang Grottoes? What are the legends and stories about evil?

The story and legend pictures of Yungang Grottoes come from the legend of Jane's App. I don't know how many years ago, there was a village called Yungang Village at the foot of Wuzhou Mountain. Several generations of border guards who can't fight live in this village, and their children and grandchildren all live in this village. There is a small sand dune next to the village, but it grows bigger and bigger after mining, and finally it grows into a big sand dune 50 feet high and four or five miles wide. Whenever night falls, there will be very beautiful music on the sand dunes, and no one can understand it. Happiness is like gathering immortals in the jade pool in the sky, and it is like the jade emperor driving a five-dragon chariot to survey the sky. People in Yungang Village were surprised and asked each other. Not even the oldest elder in the village. There is a young man herding sheep in the village. He is bold and cautious, smart and brave, and he is curious about this matter. So, I drive the sheep to the sand dunes to listen to music every day. After a long time, even the shepherd learned to play the flute and hum songs. Strange to say, as soon as he played the flute and hummed a tune, the music echoed in the sand dunes. The shepherd became more and more strange and determined to get to the bottom of it. Once, he went back to the village to persuade people to dig sand dunes with him to see what was the mystery. But no one in the village dared to go, so the shepherd had to dig with a hoe. One day passed, another day passed, and it took 7749 days to dig a big bunker. The sand was taken out of it, but it was still sand, and nothing rare was dug up. He sat beside the bunker in dismay and looked at it-in a daze. Suddenly there was a "rumbling" sound in the bunker, and the shepherd said angrily, "Why can't you just scream?" Then the "rumbling" voice in the bunker replied: "I want to go out, I want to come out!" The shepherd was surprised; Easy to answer: "Come out, come out, what's your name!" " Then I heard a loud noise and red light, which lit up half the sky. The shepherd looked intently, and boy, in the blink of an eye, a big ditch was opened on the sand dune, and a temple several miles long suddenly appeared in front of him. You see, pavilions with carved beams and painted columns are one after another, and ten thousand stone buddhas are shining with golden light. There were drums and laughter in the temple, and countless beautiful words danced in the air, and soon they all flew to the stone wall and became "flying" stone men. The shepherd was fascinated by the wonderful sight before him. He stepped into the hall and saw a grotto behind it. A stone Buddha more than ten feet high sits on the lotus platform, surrounded by countless goddesses, lux, arhats and gods. This spectacle alarmed Fiona Fang people dozens of kilometers away, and people flocked to watch it. Since then, Yungang has become a famous Buddhist shrine at home and abroad, with an endless stream of worshippers and cigarettes. To commemorate the birth of the shepherd who discovered Yungang, after his death, a statue like him was made at the top of Yungang Grottoes. Every festival, people come to burn incense in an endless stream. Legend 2: On the mountain on the west bank of Shili River, about 2 kilometers west of Yungang Grottoes, there is a group of smaller grottoes called Lubanyao Grottoes. The founding date is unknown. According to legend, craftsmen who dug Yungang Grottoes once lived here, hence the name "Luban Kiln". From the analysis of the existing grotto statue style, it is undoubtedly the remains of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Lubanyao Grottoes face east in the west, facing Yungang Grottoes across the river, far away from each other. No red walls and green tiles, no towering trees, only two caves. Grottoes are all oval. Cave 1 (arranged from south to north) is 4m deep, 6m wide and 6m high. It has a dome and there is no carving on the roof. There are four rows of sitting buddhas carved on the surrounding walls, which are in the shape of hidden niches. Sitting Buddha is 50 cm high, and the dress is biased towards the right shoulder. There are still 37 Buddha statues on the north wall and the west wall, and there are 24 Buddha statues in three rows on the south wall. The red ochre can be seen in the niche in the upper corner of the northeast, which was painted for future generations. Saw-toothed curtains are carved around the boundary between the cave wall and the roof. Cave 2 is away from Cave 1 5. 27 meters, depth 4. 17m, with an inner width of 6. 1 meter, 4 meters high. Thousands of regular shrines are carved on the walls around the cave. There are 66 existing Buddha statues, and there are two forms of costumes: one is through the shoulder and the other is off the right shoulder. Although the scale of Lubanyao Grottoes is small, it still has certain reference value for studying the history of Yungang Grottoes and the rise and fall of Buddhism in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

2 Browse 43 2020-0 1-2 1

What is the historical origin of Yungang Grottoes?

The historical origin of Yungang Grottoes: 2800 years ago, there was a big sand dune in the northern part of the Loess Plateau, and charming music often came from below. What's going on here? Someone wanted to dig it out and have a look, but they dug a big hole and found nothing, and the music disappeared. People who lost their breath left one after another, except a teenage shepherd named Wu Zhou, who kept digging and digging when the sheep were grazing every day. When you are tired of digging, you will play the flute, and when you blow, you will hear a sound deep in the bunker. Dig and blow or not listen. One day, Wu Zhou suddenly heard a voice: "We are going out, so hide quickly." Wu Zhou shouted happily, "Come out quickly, I've been waiting for you for ten years." Run out of a dozen miles in one breath. With a bang, the bunker was filled up and a magnificent temple appeared on the ground. There are clouds outside the temple, dancing in the sky, musicians playing and bells and drums ringing. Wu Zhou was fascinated and couldn't help moving forward. In an instant, the music stopped abruptly. When he looked carefully, the dancers and spectators turned into stone men, and both kept their previous postures, and the temple became a grotto. At this time, people who heard the news and came to watch the excitement stood in front of the clouds and clouds. I don't know who called "Wuzhou", and the shepherd became a stone man with a flute. In memory of him, people called that mountain Wuzhou Mountain. 1. Grottoes were dug in the second year of Xing 'an in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 453), most of which were completed before the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang (AD 494), and the carving work continued until Zheng Guangnian (AD 520-525). The images of Bodhisattva, Lux and Tian Fei in the grottoes are vivid, and the towers are beautifully carved. They inherit the essence of realistic art in the Qin and Han Dynasties (2265438 BC+0-220 AD), and open up the romantic color in the Sui and Tang Dynasties (5865438 AD+0-907 AD). They are also called "the Three Grottoes in China" with Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu and Longmen Grottoes in Henan. 2. Yungang Grottoes vividly recorded the historical track of Macedonian-Greek classical stone carving art from the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe, India and Central Asia to China, reflecting the gradual secularization and nationalization of Buddhist statues in China. A variety of Buddhist sculpture styles have achieved unprecedented mastery in Yungang Grottoes, and the resulting "Yungang Model" has become a turning point in the development of Buddhist art in China. The statues of the Northern Wei Dynasty in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes were influenced by Yungang Grottoes to varying degrees. 3. Yungang Grottoes are the beginning of "China" (Sinicization) of Grottoes. According to documents, in the peaceful period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 460-47 1 year), the famous monk Yao Tan dug five grottoes in Wuzhousai, a western suburb of Beijing, and now they are numbered 16 to 20 grottoes, which was the earliest so-called "Tan Yao Cave 5" dug at that time. Most of the other major caves were completed before Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang in the 18th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 494), with a history of 1500 years. 4. Yungang Grottoes have a long history, large scale, rich content and exquisite carving, which is known as a miracle in the history of China fine arts. There are buddhas, bodhisattvas, disciples, protectors and other lifelike figures in the cave group. There are imitation wood buildings with simple style and diverse shapes; There are Buddhist reliefs with outstanding themes and skillful knife skills; There are rich and complicated compositions and exquisite decorative patterns; There are also sculptures of ancient musical instruments in China, such as crickets, flutes, cymbals and pipa, which are colorful and dazzling.

9 browse160 2019-09-11

What are the scenic spots in Yungang Grottoes? What are the legends and short stories about Yungang Grottoes?

Yungang Grottoes are located at the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain, which is17km west of Datong City, Shanxi Province in northern China. Grottoes are dug along the mountain, stretching from east to west 1 km. There are 45 main caves, 252 grottoes and 565,438+0,000 stone carvings, making it one of the largest ancient grottoes in China. Together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes and Tianshui Maijishan Grottoes, it is also called the four major grottoes art treasures in China. 196 1 was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China, and 2001214 was listed in the World Heritage List by UNESCO, and was rated as the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions by the National Tourism Administration on May 8, 2007. The grottoes were dug in the second year of Xing 'an in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 453), and most of them were completed before the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang (AD 494), and the carving work continued until Zheng Guangnian (AD 520-525). The images of Bodhisattva, Lux and Tian Fei in the grottoes are vivid, and the towers are beautifully carved. They inherit the essence of realistic art in the Qin and Han Dynasties (2265438 BC+0-220 AD), and open up the romantic color in the Sui and Tang Dynasties (5865438 AD+0-907 AD). They are also called "the Three Grottoes in China" with Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu and Longmen Grottoes in Henan. Yungang Grottoes vividly recorded the historical track of Macedonian-Greek classical stone carving art from the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe, Indian and Central Asian Buddhism art to China Buddhism art, reflecting the process of gradual secularization and nationalization of Buddhist statues in China. A variety of Buddhist sculpture styles have achieved unprecedented mastery in Yungang Grottoes, and the resulting "Yungang Model" has become a turning point in the development of Buddhist art in China. The statues of the Northern Wei Dynasty in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes were influenced by Yungang Grottoes to varying degrees. Yungang Grottoes are the beginning of "China-ization" of Grottoes. According to documents, in the peaceful period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 460-47 1 year), the famous monk Yao Tan dug five grottoes in Wuzhousai, a western suburb of Beijing, and now they are numbered 16 to 20 grottoes, which was the earliest so-called "Tan Yao Cave 5" dug at that time. Most of the other major caves were completed before Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang in the 18th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 494), with a history of 1500 years. Yungang Grottoes, with a long history, large scale, rich content and exquisite carving, are known as the miracle in the history of China fine arts. There are buddhas, bodhisattvas, disciples, protectors and other lifelike figures in the cave group. There are imitation wood buildings with simple style and diverse shapes; There are Buddhist reliefs with outstanding themes and skillful knife skills; There are rich and complicated compositions and exquisite decorative patterns; There are also sculptures of ancient musical instruments in China, such as crickets, flutes, cymbals and pipa, which are colorful and dazzling. In terms of carving techniques, he inherited and developed the excellent tradition of carving art in Qin and Han Dynasties in China, absorbed and integrated beneficial elements of Indian Gandhara art, and created unique works of art, which left an important page in the history of Chinese sculpture. Yungang Grottoes are not only important video materials for understanding and studying China's ancient history, sculpture, architecture, music and religious beliefs today, but also physical evidence for tracing the ancient cultural exchanges between China and the West and the friendly exchanges between the people. /kloc-In the past 500 years, Yungang Grottoes have been seriously damaged due to weathering, water erosion and earthquakes. Before liberation, they were also destroyed. According to incomplete statistics, 1400-odd Buddha statues with heads of Buddha were stolen overseas, and the axe chisel marks still exist. Since the founding of New China, under the care of the Party and the government, Yungang Grottoes have been extensively maintained for many times, which has properly protected this ancient art treasure house and made it look more beautiful. Early Grottoes: Cave 16 ~ 20 today, also known as Cave 5 of Tan Yao. According to Shu Wei Shi Lao Zhi (volume 1 14), "At the beginning of Taiping, my mentor died. Yao Tan replaced it with Samoan system. At the beginning, Yao Tan was ordered to go to Beijing from Zhongshan in the second year after the political reform. He was found on the road, wearing an obsidian coat in front of the imperial horse. At that time, people thought that Ma knew good people, so the emperor gave it to his teacher as a gift. Bai Di, Yao Tan, in Saiwu County, the capital, chiseled stone walls, opened five caves, carved Buddha statues, each 70 feet high and 60 feet for the second time, which is the highest in the world. " The five caves mentioned in this paper, namely the famous monk Yao Tan at that time, chose Yuzhou Mountain in Zhong Ling and dug the magnificent Tan Yao Cave, which opened the prelude to the excavation of Yungang Grottoes. Caves 16~20 are the five largest caves in Tan Yao and the symbol of the emperor. The plane is horseshoe-shaped, with a dome and thousands of buddhas carved on the outer wall. The Lord is the Three Buddhas (past lives). The Buddha statue is tall, with round face, high nose, deep eyes and straight shoulders, showing a vigorous, vigorous and simple sculpture style. His carving skills inherited and developed the excellent traditions of the Han Dynasty, absorbed and integrated the essence of ancient Indian Gandhara and Datura art, and created a unique artistic style. According to the development of grottoes' shape, carving content and style, the Buddhist art of Yungang Grottoes can be divided into three stages: early, middle and late. Middle Grottoes: Yungang Grottoes are in their heyday, mainly including 1 and 2 caves, 5 and 6 caves, 7 and 8 caves, 9 caves and 10 caves,1/grottoes, 12 caves, 13 caves, and no caves. This period (47 1-494) was the period of filial piety before the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luo, and it was the most stable and prosperous period in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Yungang Grottoes have concentrated outstanding talents from all over the country and carved more prosperous and exquisite statues of Yungang Grottoes with national strength as the guarantee. Before Emperor Xiaowen moved to the capital, all the large grottoes operated by the royal family had been completed, which lasted for more than 40 years. In the middle period, most of the caves are square or rectangular, and some caves are carved with central towers or front and rear rooms. The wall layout is divided into two layers, left and right. There are at most flat chess caissons in the cave. The diversity of sculpture themes highlights the status of Sakyamuni and Maitreya. The two buddhas, Sakyamuni and Duobao, are popular and sit side by side, resulting in the ranks of protector, prostitute and provider, the Buddha's own behavior, origin, karma and the story of Vimalakīrti. Buddha statues are round and moderate in appearance, especially in the form of praise belts, which are popular, and many new themes and statues have appeared, mainly in the image of dharma protection and various decorations. The middle grottoes were also a period of active reform and innovation, which set off the process of China-ization of Buddhist grottoes. The combination of these factors has produced the so-called grand Taihe style, whose main feature is the rapid development of sinicization, and the China of the grottoes began and completed during this period, namely the Zhongyungang Grottoes, which is characterized by its complicated contents and exquisite carving, which is quite different from the early grottoes and its neat and gorgeous carving style. There are obvious Chinese characteristics in cave modeling, carving content and style. Landscape in the later period of Yungang Grottoes: After the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang (494), although the large-scale excavation activities of Yungang Grottoes stopped, the wind of carving caves and statues spread in the middle and lower levels. Pro-expensive, middle-and lower-level officials and Yi believers made full use of the old skills of Pingcheng to dig a large number of small and medium-sized caves in Yungang, and the carving of these small caves and niches continued until Emperor Zheng Guang V of Xiaoming. At this time, there are few caves, and small and medium-sized caves are covered with cliffs from east to west. Mainly distributed in the west of No.20 cave, including No.4 cave, 14 cave, 15 cave and 1 1 cave. There are about 200 small and medium-sized caves. Most caves appear in the form of single holes and are no longer grouped. The themes of the statues are mostly Sakyamuni or Maitreya Buddha above and Sakyamuni below. Buddhas and Bodhisattvas have thin bodies, long necks and narrow shoulders. This kind of statue is a fresh and elegant artistic image of "showing bones and clearing images" after the "Sinicization" reform in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, and it has become a remarkable feature of Buddhist statues in the late Northern Wei Dynasty. This feature and style is also reflected in the Northern Wei Cave in Longmen Grottoes, which has a far-reaching impact on the development of China Cave Temple art. [1] Landscape of Yungang Grottoes (2) (20 photos) The third grotto is the largest grotto in Yungang, with a broken wall in front and a height of about 25 meters, which is known as the translation building of Yao Tan. The grottoes are divided into a front room and a back room. The first cave and the second cave are carved in the middle of the upper part of the front room, which are double caves and located at the eastern end of Yungang Grottoes. The two-story square tower is carved in the center of the cave, and the back wall stands like Maitreya. Most of the four-walled Buddha statues are weathered and denuded, with Vimo and Manjusri carved on both sides of the cave entrance on the south wall, and the relief of the original story of the Buddha statue on the lower part of the east wall is well preserved. There is a square three-story tower column in the center of the second cave, with three pavilions carved on all sides of each floor and five small towers carved on the inner wall of the cave, which is the image data for studying the architecture of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the third cave, there are a pair of three-story square towers carved on the left and right. There are three statues carved on the south and west side of the back room, which are round in appearance, full of muscles, fine in corolla and smooth in clothing lines. The height of the Buddha sitting on this statue is about 10 meter, and the height of the two bodhisattvas is 6.2 meters each. Judging from the styles and carving techniques of these three statues, they may have been carved in the early Tang Dynasty (7th century AD). In the fourth cave, there is a rectangular column carved in the center of the cave, with six Buddha statues carved on the north and south sides and three Buddha statues carved on the east and west sides. Above the cave gate in the south wall is the inscription of Zheng Guangnian in the Northern Wei Dynasty (520-525 AD), which is the latest inscription of Yungang Grottoes. The fifth cave, located in the middle of Yungang Grottoes, is a group of double caves with the sixth cave. The cave is divided into two rooms, the front and back. The north wall of the back room is the third Buddha, and the central sitting statue is 17 meters high, which is the largest Buddha statue in Yungang Grottoes. The cave walls are covered with carved niches and Buddha statues. On both sides of the archway, there are two Buddha statues sitting on the top of bodhi trees, which are embossed and fly beautifully. There are five four-story pavilions in front of the two caves, and the existing buildings were rebuilt in the eighth year of Shunzhi in the early Qing Dynasty (AD 165 1). The plane of the sixth cave of Tanyao Cave is nearly square, and there are two layers of square towers connecting the roof in the center, which is about 15 meters high. Below the tower is a large niche, with a Buddha statue carved in the south, a Buddha statue carved in the west, a sitting statue of Ying Duobao carved in the north and a Maitreya statue carved in the east. On both sides of the pagoda, the east, south and west walls of the cave and the open windows, 33 reliefs depicting the Buddhist story of Sakyamuni from birth to enlightenment were carved. This cave is the most representative one in Yungang Grottoes. It is magnificent in scale, rich in sculpture and exquisite in technology. The seventh hole has three layers of wooden eaves in front of it, and the hole is divided into two rooms. The upper layer of the main wall of the back room is carved with a bodhisattva sitting on a Leo. There are statues of shrines on the east, west and south walls, and the six bodhisattvas on the arch of the south wall are beautiful and lifelike. The reliefs on the top of the cave are flying in the sky, lively and vivid, each with lotus as the center, dancing in circles and moving. In the eighth cave, there are pigeons Luo Tian riding a peacock with five heads and six arms on both sides, and Luo Tian riding a cow with three heads and eight arms on the east side, which is extremely rare in Yungang. The ninth cave is divided into two rooms, the front gate archway is octagonal, and the walls of the rooms are engraved with shrines, musicians and maidens, which are vivid and dynamic. Cave 10 excavated at the same time as Cave 9 is divided into two rooms. There is flying in the front room, with beautiful posture and coordinated proportion. In the upper part of the open window, the composition of the stone carving is complex, exquisite and eye-catching. Caves 9 and 1 1 0 have square towers reaching to the ceiling and Buddha statues carved on all sides. On the front, the Buddha statue is well preserved. There are statues and small Buddha statues in the niches on the walls around the cave. In Cave 12, a geisha is carved on the top of the main wall, holding stringed instruments and percussion instruments, with different expressions and vivid images. The classical musical instruments in their hands, such as flute and piano, are very precious and are important materials for learning China music. Cave 13, there is a Maitreya statue in the center of the cave, which is more than 2 meters high/kloc-0. There is a statue of an arm bearer carved between the left arm and the leg, which is the only example in Yungang Grottoes. The statue of seven buddha on the upper part of the South Gate Arch is exquisitely carved and elegant. Cave 14 has a variety of statues, with square Buddha columns on the west wall and some remaining statues on the east. In Cave 15, there are more than 10,000 small carved Buddha statues, which are called the Ten Thousand Buddha Cave. Cave 16 and Cave 16 to Cave 20 are the earliest five caves in Yungang Grottoes, commonly known as "Cave 5 of Tan Yao". The sixteen caves are flat and oval. In the middle of the main statue, the statue of Sakyamuni is 13.5 meters high, standing on the lotus pedestal, and there are thousands of Buddha halls carved on the surrounding walls. Cave 17 Cave 1 1, the statue of the Lord Buddha III, with a Maitreya statue in the middle, is 15.6 meters high. There are niches on the east and west walls, sitting statues on the east and standing statues on the west. The Buddhist shrine in the 13th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 489) on the east side of the Ming window was later carved. The neutral statue in Cave 18 is as high as 15 meters, with its right arm exposed and wearing a thousand Buddhist robes, which is exquisite and vivid and touching. The main statue in Cave 19 is the III statue, and the sitting statue of Sakyamuni in the cave is16.8m high, making it the second largest statue in Yungang Grottoes. Two ear holes are cut out of the hole, and each is carved with an 8-meter sitting statue. The 20 caves in front of the cave collapsed about Liao Dynasty, and the statue was completely open. The statue is a sitting statue of Sakyamuni among the three Buddha statues, Tan Yaodong (5), with a height of 13.7 meters. This Buddha statue has a full face, broad shoulders, magnificent shape and vigorous spirit, and is a masterpiece of carving art in Yungang Grottoes. [2] Yungang Grottoes are magnificent and rich in content. It is the highest stone carving art in China in the 5th century and is regarded as the treasure house of ancient carving art in China. According to the excavation time, it can be divided into three periods: early, middle and late, and the grotto sculpture styles in different periods also have their own characteristics. The early "Tan Yaodong" was magnificent and had a rich and simple western flavor. In the middle period, the grottoes were famous for their exquisite carvings and ornate decorations, showing the complex and magnificent artistic style of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Although the scale of the grottoes in the later period is small, the figures are slender and handsome, and the proportion is moderate. It is a model of grottoes art in northern China and the origin of "skinny and picturesque". In addition, the music, dance and acrobatic sculptures left in the grottoes also reflected the popularity of Buddhist thought at that time and the social life of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Yungang Grottoes are located at the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain, which is 16 km west of Datong City, Shanxi Province, in northern China. The grottoes were dug in the second year of Xing 'an in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 453), and most of them were completed before the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang (AD 494), and the carving work continued until Zheng Guangnian (AD 520-525). The grottoes are carved on the mountain, stretching about 1 km from east to west, with magnificent momentum and rich content. There are 45 main caves, 252 caves and niches, and 565,438+0,000 stone carvings, the largest reaching 65,438+07 meters, and the smallest only a few centimeters. The images of Bodhisattva, Lux and Tian Fei in the grottoes are vivid, and the towers are beautifully carved. They inherit the essence of realistic art in the Qin and Han Dynasties (2265438 BC+0-220 AD), and open up the romantic color in the Sui and Tang Dynasties (5865438 AD+0-907 AD). They are also called "the Three Grottoes in China" with Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu and Longmen Grottoes in Henan. Yungang Grottoes vividly recorded the historical track of the development of Indian and Central Asian Buddhist art to China Buddhist art, and reflected the gradual secularization and nationalization of Buddhist statues in China. A variety of Buddhist sculpture styles have achieved unprecedented integration in Yungang Grottoes. Yungang Grottoes are the beginning of the China-ization of Grottoes. The Chinese Palace architectural style sculpture that appeared in Yungang Grottoes in the middle period and the Chinese-style Buddhist niches developed on this basis were widely used in the construction of later grottoes. The layout and decoration of the grottoes in Yungang's late period showed a strong architectural and decorative style in China, which reflected the deepening of the "China" of Buddhist art. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Sanskrit grottoes opened gold fields and incense niches carved iron circles. The group in the shadow is moving and the spirit in the air is flying. The eaves are covered with vermicelli, and the verandah is green. Ruilian gives birth to Buddha steps, and Yao trees hang clothes. Although the invitation of blessing is there, it can prosper the king for a long time. Who knows, on the other side of the cloud, I saw Gui Hu more clearly. Visiting Dong Siming, Hu Xiang Hua Jin Su, Zhong Qing Bai Yun leisurely. What is the reason for this robbery? The trillion incarnation of Bing Xin, carved all over the mountain, is amazing and shocking. A Tathagata, a world, a wing, a flower, a leaf, every place is fine and strict, difficult to write and draw. The backward side makes people infinitely nostalgic, and the forward-looking side makes people infinitely eager. If you can't watch your eyes, you can't stop. If you steal into the treasure house, you lose your mind, you don't know what you brought, and look back afterwards. It's like dreaming. When you wake up, you know that your heart is self-aware and you can't speak. At this time you will know that words are useless!

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History of Yungang Grottoes

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7 comments

Choklifish 10

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Enthusiastic netizen 8

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Click 6 on the first floor.

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