In the middle of the Warring States period, Wei, located in the Central Plains, became increasingly powerful and used troops against neighboring countries. In 354 BC, Wei led Pang Juan to attack Zhao and surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao. Zhao Xiangqi asked for help, and Qi Weiwang sent Tian Ji as the general, Sun Bin as the strategist, and led the army westward, aiming at Dewey Girder (now Kaifeng, Henan). After hearing the news, Pang Juan immediately returned to Li Chu to save himself. Sun Bin cleverly ambushed in Guiling (now Changyuan, Henan Province) where Wei Nanjun had to retreat, defeated Wei Jun and captured Pang Juan (later released). Sun Bin's battle was later summarized as "encircling Wei to save Zhao".

In 34 1 year BC, Pang Juan and Zhao Lingbing were sent to attack North Korea and surrounded Xinzheng (now Henan Province), the capital of North Korea. Han Zhaohou turned to Qi for help. With Tian Ji, Tian Ying and Sun Bin as generals and military advisers, the State of Qi led the army through Qufu (now Jining, Shandong Province) and entered the territory of Wei from Dingtao, aiming at Waihuang (now Henan civil rights) near the girder. Pang Juan abandoned Korea at the news. He hated Qi's repeated intervention in Wei's affairs, but he still fought against Qi, taking Pang Juan as the general and Prince Shen as the general, participating in the command with the army, and vowing to fight to the death with Qi.

Sun Bin saw that Wei Jun was fierce and outnumbered, so he could only outsmart the enemy, but could not defeat him. So he decided to play hard to get and lure Pang Juan to the bait. He ordered the troops to retreat from Waihuang to Maling. Maling is located 60 miles north of Juyi. The ditch is deep and dense, and the road is tortuous, which is suitable for ambush. Sun Bin ordered the soldiers to dig 6,543,800 cooking pits on the first day, reducing them to 50,000 on the second day and 30,000 on the third day. Pang Juan saw the exultation and thought that the Qi army had retreated for three days, and the soldiers had fled more than half, so he personally led the elite troops to pursue all the way. Arrive at Maling at dark, and order the soldiers to make a fire to light the road. In the firelight, I saw a peeled tree with eight characters "Pang Juan died under this tree". Pang Juan suddenly realized that he was about to order a retreat when the Qi army had been lying in ambush. Wei Jun was in a dilemma, his lineup was in chaos, and he trampled on himself, causing numerous casualties. Knowing that bad luck was inevitable, Pang Juan shouted, "One careless move will make a name for himself!" Draw your sword and kill yourself. The Qi army pursued the victory, and the Yan Wang Shen led the army to arrive. Killed in a hubbub, Wei Jun was defeated. The Qi army captured Prince Shen alive and won a great victory. History calls this battle "the Battle of Maling", and Sun Bin's tactics are "the plan to cut the kitchen". After the war, Wei turned from prosperity to decline, but Sun Bin became famous all over the world for his good fighting skills.

[Edit this paragraph] Records of Maling Battle and identification of battle sites in historical dictionaries.

Fifteen years after the Battle of Guiling, Wei and Zhao attacked Korea. Korea is in a hurry, and Qitian is in a hurry to go straight. Pang Juan, the general of Wei, returned to Korea after hearing about it. The Qi army has passed and gone west. Sun Tzu called Tian Ji, saying, "The soldiers of Sanjin are brave and swift, and their soldiers are timid. A good soldier is guided by his potential. " Sun Tzu's Art of War: The ambition of a hundred miles lies in the general, and the ambition of fifty miles lies in half. "Make the qi army into Wei for hundreds of stoves, fifty thousand stoves tomorrow, thirty thousand stoves tomorrow. Pang Juan walked for three days and said happily, "I know the Qi army is afraid. After staying on our land for three days, more than half of the soldiers died. " Is to abandon its infantry and pursue it in parallel with its elite. Grandson killed time in Maling at dusk. Maling road is narrow and there are many obstacles beside it, so you can ambush it. Nai Bai Shu wrote: "Pang Juan died under this tree!" As a result, the good shooters of the Qi army fell across the road, and the fire gradually started at dusk. Pang Juan went under the tree at night and saw white wood, which was a candle. Before he finished reading his book, the Qi army was submerged and Wei Jun was in chaos. Pang Juan knew that he was defeated because of the records of the Battle of Maling in historical dictionaries and the identification of the battle site. He said, "So he made Vertical Son famous!" " Qi won the battle and defeated his army. He returned to Prince Wei. Sun Bin became famous in this name and spread his art of war.

Wei and Zhao attacked Korea, and Korea sued Qi.

Qi sent Tian Ji to lead troops to the girder. Pang Juan, the general of Wei, heard the news and put down the retreat of South Korea, but the Qi army had crossed the territory of Qi and headed west. Sun Tzu said to Tian Ji, "Their army in Sanjin has always been brave and looked down on Qi, which has a reputation for cowardice. A good fighter can only make the best use of the situation. Sun Tzu's art of war says that if you March a hundred miles to compete with the enemy, you will lose the general, and if you March a hundred miles to compete with the enemy, you will only make the general. (In order to make Wei Jun think that the Qi army has fallen behind a lot, we should set up 100,000 stoves, 50,000 stoves a day and 30,000 stoves a day after the Qi army enters the territory of Wei. " Pang Juan marched for three days and was very happy to see the kitchen traces left by the Qi army. He said: "I know that the Qi army is timid. After staying in our territory for three days, more than half of the soldiers have escaped. " So we left the infantry behind, led only the light soldiers and sharp soldiers, and pursued the Qi army at double speed.

Sun Tzu estimated Wei Jun's marching speed, and it should be dark to reach Maling. Maling Road is narrow and full of obstacles, which can ambush military forces. So we cut off the bark of a big tree to reveal white wood, and wrote "Pang Juan died under this tree" on it. Then he ordered the good archers of the Qi army to ambush on both sides of the road with tens of thousands of crossbows, and agreed to "shoot arrows together when you see the burning fire in the dark." Pang Juan really came to the peeled tree at night, saw the words written on the tree, and drilled wood for lighting. Words haven't say that finish, qi has been in full swing, Wei Jun lost formation in the chaos. Pang Juan knew that there was nothing he could do. The army had completely failed and he had to commit suicide. When he died, he said, "This kid is finally famous!" Wei Jun was conquered by Qi, and Wang Wei was captured and returned to China. Sun Bin became famous all over the world because of this, and the whole world learned his art of war.

-Han Sima Qian's Historical Records, Sun Tzu's Art of War and Biography of Wuqi

Maling, 60 miles northeast of Juancheng County, has a mausoleum and a deep valley, which can be laid down.

-today, Xi's "Zhi Lin"

Grandson retired and went to Maling on the third day. Then he killed Pang Juan, captured Prince Shen alive, and defeated Wei Jun. Just as Yu Xizhi said, it was also right to retreat from Bianzhou Waihuang to 60 miles north.

-Zhang Tang's festival "Historical Justice"

Maling, now southwest of Fan County, Shandong Province.

-Guo Moruo's Historical Draft of China

Maling, in the southwest of Fan County, Shandong Province, belonged to Qi at that time.

-He's Notes on Zhang Jian, the Warring States Policy

In 34 1 year BC, Wei attacked Korea, and Korea turned to Qi for help. The State of Qi sent Tian Ji and Sun Bin to attack Wei to save Korea, and Wei Jun was defeated by the Qi army in Maling (now Puxian County, Shandong Province), with hundreds of soldiers lost. The viceroy Shen and Pang Juan were killed.

-Jane Bozan's Outline of China History

Sun Bin judged that the sunset in Wei Jun could reach Maling (now Fanxian County, Henan Province), so he set an ambush.

-New Notes on the Art of War by the Academy of Military Sciences of the People's Liberation Army

Qitianpan attacked Wei and fought in Maling (now southwest of Fan County, Shandong Province).

-Tian Jue and Zhang Xikong, Chronology of Chinese Historical Events.

Maling, 60 miles northeast of Juancheng County, Zhou Pu.

-"The History of China's Past Wars" by the University of Three Armies in Taiwan Province Province.

At this time, the Qi army has retreated to the territory of Qi. According to Sun Bin's calculation, Wei Jun will arrive in Maling (now southwest of Fan County, Henan Province) this evening.

-lovely Shandong series "Long Ancient History"

In the 16th year of Wang Wei, (Tian Ying) defeated Wei Jun with Tian Ji and Sun Bin in Maling (southwest of Fan County, Henan Province).

-Shandong People's Publishing House "Shandong Historical Figures Dictionary"

The Qi army ambushed in Maling (now southwest of Fanxian County, Henan Province).

-Zheng Yunshan's Handbook of Chinese and Foreign History.

Wei Xinyi in the Spring and Autumn Period of Shenxian County. Yangping County was established in Han Dynasty, and Shenxian County was changed in Sui Dynasty. Named after Gu Xinting in the north of the county seat. ..... Monuments include Maling ancient battlefield site. There is a martyr cemetery in northwest Shandong.

-1999 edition resigned from the sea

In 34 1 year BC, the Qi army tricked Sun Bin into defeat, followed by Wei Jun, who chased Maling (now southwest of Fanxian County, Henan Province). The underworld was small, and the Qi army was on a roll and defeated Wei Jun.

-Dictionary of literature and history knowledge

In 34 1 year BC, Sun Bin, a strategist of Qi State, led his troops to Maling and Daokou (now Maling and cherry orchard Township Daokou in Dazhangjia Township, Shenxian County).

-"Shandong Profile"

Maling is three miles north of Puxian County, Shandong Province.

-China Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Geographical Names.

Maling, three miles north of Zhou Pu.

-"A Record of the Unification of the Qing Dynasty"

Maling, three miles north of the old city. ..... The place where Pang Juan died has been criss-crossed by riverbanks, and many walkers have lost their way.

-"Zhou Pu Zhi"

Maling, three miles southwest of the county seat. ..... Lao Zhi means that Sun Bin captured Pang Juan.

-Twenty-four years of the Republic of China, "Continuation of Fan County Records"

Malingdi, located in the southeast of the county/0/8 mile from Kloc, borders Zhou Pu. ..... Pang Juan died under the tree, that's all.

-"Guancheng County Records"

Fan county magistrate today:

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was Fan Yi, which was the fief of Jin Scholar-officials Association. Fan County was located in the Han Dynasty, hence its name. 1964, People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and the State Council, China, decided to divide the area south of Di Chin River and near Fan County in Fan Zhi County and Shouzhang County of Shandong Province into Henan Province and named it Fan County. 1978, the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) decided to set aside nine communes in the east of Fan County and set up Taiqian County. Fan County is now under the jurisdiction of Puyang City, Henan Province.

[Edit this paragraph] The determination of Maling in Shenxian County is the main basis for the ancient battlefield of Maling War.

Maling, located in the southwest of Fan County, belongs to Dazhangjia Town, Shenxian County. It is considered to be the ancient battlefield of the battle of Ma Ling in the Qi and Wei Dynasties, based on the following:

Historians such as 1, Guo Moruo, Jian Bozan, Tan Qixiang, He, Zhang Xikong, and scientific research institutions such as the Academy of Military Sciences of the People's Liberation Army and the University of the Three Armies of Taiwan Province have long made a conclusion about this. In particular, the authoritative national dictionary Ci Hai, which was revised and published in 1999, clearly placed "Maling Ancient Battlefield Site" under "Shenxian County". In the absence of strong new evidence, this statement should not be changed.

2. During the Warring States Period, Maling area in Shenxian County was the junction of Qi and Wei, and it was also the most convenient passage to attack Wei. Qi and Wei go to war directly, and they will never bypass other countries, nor will they wade across the Yellow River to the north.

3. Sun Bin is a man. His home is only 60 Li away from Maling, and he is very familiar with the terrain in this area. This is the main reason why he decided to ambush in Maling. He couldn't be so confident if he was fighting in a strange area 800 miles away.

4. Shenxian area is plain now, but in ancient times it was criss-crossed with hills and gullies. Therefore, the word "Qiu" is more common in ancient place names, such as mounds, and the main basis for identifying Shen County's Maling as the ancient battlefield of Maling War is Dunqiu, Muqiu, Dog Mound, Diqiu and Eqiu. After years of flood erosion, mounds have formed many large ditches as deep as tens of feet, which is what the people call "Hulu Road". Strong crossbows are most likely to play a role in ambushes on both sides of this big ditch. Later, the Yellow River diverted to the south, and under the siltation of the Yellow River water, the gully gradually flattened. However, until the 1930s and 1940s, the ravines had not completely disappeared, and there were no horses and chariots in sight. Anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians regard these deep trenches as natural communication trenches against Japanese aggressors. It is said that Daokou Village, about 7 miles from Maling, is the entrance to Maling Road. Once you enter Maling Road, it is difficult to tell the direction, so it is called "the maze". The poems about Maling in the Old Records of Fan County include "The thatched cottage twists and turns, the road twists and turns" and "The two sides of the strait are gloomy all the way down, and the danger is the same as Hanguguan", which describes this special terrain.

5. The original meaning of the word "Ling" in Maling is Qiu, which evolved into the tomb of Qiu. The original meaning of the word "Ling" is the best interpretation of the ancient landform in Maling area. There are many more in the south of Shenxian County.

The village was named "Valley", which once again proved that it was not a plain.

6. The wild pig forest described in Water Margin is located in the north of Maling 18 Li. According to old local books, in ancient times, it was a desolate and sinister place with rolling mountains and lush trees. To know the danger of Maling at that time, this article can be used as circumstantial evidence. Old Huangsang Mountain in Maling is said to be the place where Pang Juan committed suicide.

[Edit this paragraph] Related classical Chinese

Wei and Zhao attacked Korea, and Korea was anxious. Qi Tian Ji Jiang. Go ahead, go straight to the girder. Pang Juan, the general of Wei, heard about it and went. After returning from North Korea, the Qi army has crossed Xiguan and headed west. Sun Tzu called Tian Ji, saying, "The soldiers of Sanjin are brave and despise their enemies, but they are afraid of them. A good fighter is guided by strength. Sun Tzu's art of war: those who pursue profits in a hundred miles will be generals, and those who pursue profits in fifty miles will be half an army. Let the Qi army enter Wei's 100,000 stoves, 50,000 stoves tomorrow and 30,000 stoves tomorrow. " Pang Juan was overjoyed for three days. He said, "I know the Qi army is afraid. After staying on our land for three days, more than half of the soldiers died. " Is to abandon its step army and pursue its lightness in parallel.

Grandson killed time in Maling at dusk. Maling road is narrow, but there are many obstacles beside it, so you can ambush it. It is said that the tree is white, and the book says, "Pang Juan died under this tree." So, the good shooter of the Qi army fell across the road and said, "The fire rises at dusk." Pang Juan's fruit went under the tree at night and saw the white book, which was a candle drill. Before he finished reading his book, the Qi army was submerged and Wei Jun was in chaos. Pang Juan knew that he was defeated by the enemy, but he was self-defeating. He said, "So he became the name of an upright man!" " The Qi army was defeated, and Wang Wei, the prisoner, defected. Sun Bin became famous in this name and spread his art of war.

translate

Wei and Zhao attacked Korea, and Korea sued Qi. Qi sent Tian Ji to lead troops to the girder. Pang Juan, the general of Wei, heard the news and put down the retreat of South Korea, but the Qi army had crossed the territory of Qi and headed west. Sun Tzu said to Tian Ji, "Their army in Sanjin has always been brave and looked down on Qi, which has a reputation for cowardice. A good fighter can only make the best use of the situation. Sun Tzu's art of war says that if you March a hundred miles to compete with the enemy, you will lose the general, and if you March a hundred miles to compete with the enemy, you will only make the general. (In order to make Wei Jun think that the Qi army has fallen behind a lot, we should set up 100,000 stoves, 50,000 stoves a day and 30,000 stoves a day after the Qi army enters the territory of Wei. " Pang Juan marched for three days and was very happy to see the kitchen traces left by the Qi army. He said: "I know that the Qi army is timid. After staying in our territory for three days, more than half of the soldiers have escaped. " So we left the infantry behind, led only the light soldiers and sharp soldiers, and pursued the Qi army at double speed.

Sun Tzu estimated Wei Jun's marching speed, and it should be dark to reach Maling. Maling Road is narrow and full of obstacles, which can ambush military forces. So we cut off the bark of a big tree to reveal white wood, and wrote "Pang Juan died under this tree" on it. Then he ordered the excellent shooters of the Qi army to ambush on both sides of the road with tens of thousands of crossbows, and agreed to "shoot together when you see the burning fire in the dark." Pang Juan really came to the peeled tree at night, saw the words written on the tree, and drilled wood for lighting. Words haven't say that finish, qi has been in full swing, Wei Jun lost formation in the chaos. Pang Juan knew that there was nothing he could do. The army had completely failed and he had to commit suicide. When he died, he said, "Finally, this is not a name!" Wei Jun was conquered by Qi, and Wang Wei was captured and returned to China. Sun Bin became famous all over the world because of this, and the whole world learned his art of war.