In the achievements of restoring and developing agricultural economy, Yang Wu and Nan Tang's governance of Jianghuai is a powerful one. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, soldiers took Huainan as the hardest hit area, especially Yangzhou. In the bustling city of the past, "the granaries in the city are empty, and the hungry people kill each other and have no food to eat." They are husband and wife, father and son holding hands, killing and selling, and the butcher is like a sheep. " (Volume 6 1, "Wu") Not only in the city, "within eight States, the bow is barren and hazel, and people are absolutely unique." Dr. Tai Chang, a master of Xiang Fu Jian in Song Dazhong, promised that "The Collection of Wu and Tang Dynasties Persuades Farmers to Mulberry" also said: "In the middle of Wu Shunyi, officials sent officials to promote the publication of books, set the rent tax, and went to the fields, with a tax of 100 yuan per hectare. Nakata's tax money has always been 800, and farmland is 1500, which is enough to see money; If you see that the money is not enough, you can exchange it for gold and silver at the market price. Calculating the tone of oral class can also save money. When Song was foreign minister, the best policy was to get a false price discount? Miansi said in his true colors, "The land of Jianghuai, where Tang came from, is the land of military strategists. As soon as the war is over today, Li Jue will be safe, but he wants to pay for gold and silver, which the people can't get. I'm not interested in selling it, just to teach people to abandon their roots and ignore their ears. When is the market price of silk 500 per horse? 600 articles, 25 articles each; Qiu Qi demanded that the price of silk be raised to 700 pounds per horse. Give two hundred dollars and forty pieces of cotton, and the money is enough. Ding kou's class tune should also be removed. Obstructing the discussion is a loss of official money, which is quite a lot. Qiu Qi wrote to Xu Zhigu, saying:' There are always hundreds of officials in Gong Ming to govern a big country, supervise the people to be greedy for money and strive for the prosperity of the country. As the saying goes,' hold a comet to put out the fire, scratch the water to make it clear, and put out the water if you want to.' The book says,' This is also the best policy to persuade farmers. "That is. Naturally, within ten years, there will be no idle fields in the wild and no space in the mulberry. Since Wu changed to Tang, since Tang returned to Song, the people have gained this. " In the first year of Ascension to Heaven, the renovation of Lianhua Lake in Danyang was a major project, which was valued in the history of water conservancy. Lotus Lake began in the Western Jin Dynasty, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty became an important lake in the south of the Yangtze River, which can irrigate the fertile fields of Danyang, Jintan and Yanling counties. In the Tang Dynasty, Lianhu began to supply water to the Jiangnan Canal. After the mutiny in the late Tang Dynasty, Lianhu was in disrepair for a long time, and there was no irrigation power in the southern Tang Dynasty. Linglu of Danyang County presided over the dredging and renovation project of Lianhu Lake, "building dikes and blockages and dredging Doumen", which restored the water conservancy function of Lianhu Lake. During the rainy season, water can be drawn from 48 schools; In dry season, the surrounding counties can be irrigated, and the Jiangnan river can be irrigated. "The task is business travel, travel by boat, and cattle are free. From the perspective of regional politics, the eastern part of Jiangsu was under the rule of Wu Yueguo at that time, but wuyue's water conservancy renovation of Taihu Lake in Jiangsu today benefited from Nantang and * * *, creating a relatively stable environment, which was indirectly caused by Nantang policy to some extent, which is worth mentioning. At that time, wuyue took care of the "shallow army" in important water conservancy projects, and "ordered the establishment of four armies beside Taihu Lake. Every 7,000 to 8,000 people often work for fields and build dikes for rivers, all the way down the Wusong River, all the way from the emergency water port to Dianshan Lake and then to the sea. When there is drought, residents bring water to the farm, and when there is flood, they draw it out of the ground. "

In the economic development of Southern Tang Dynasty, with the shift of China's agricultural economic center to the south, Jiangsu gradually formed a new pattern of rice cultivation, supplemented by wheat, mulberry, tea, hemp, fruit and other diversified management. The excellent crop varieties in the south are moving northward, which has become a major trend. Jiangnan is the hometown of rice. During the Southern Tang Dynasty, rice was widely planted in Gwangju, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Chuzhou and Sizhou, which not only increased the yield, but also improved the varieties. Taizhou's fragrant rice is very famous. The spread of traditional fine varieties in the north to the south has also increased. In Jiangnan, wheat in the north has been planted in a large area, and there has been a scene of "green-eyed fields". Mulberry is cultivated in the Jianghuai area, so it is known as "a vast land with few people, mulberries are full of wild, and the country is rich and strong".

Tea production is famous for its tea gardens in Gwangju, Yangzhou, Changzhou and Runzhou. Yixing has a long history of producing tea. Yangxian tea is a famous brand of Jianghuai. As early as the period of Sun Wu in the Three Kingdoms, it was famous in the south of the Yangtze River. At that time, it was called "National Camellia", and later it was called "Yangxian tribute tea", "Piling tea", "Yangxian purple bamboo shoot" and "Jinling purple bamboo shoot". During the period of Tang Suzong, "Yangxian Purple Bamboo Shoots" was listed as a tribute treasure, and Lu Yu of Cha Sheng thought that "Huainan tea was in Guangzhou" and Yangxian tea was "the best in fragrance", which could be regarded as a tribute. Li Qiyun, the secretariat of Changzhou, adopted his suggestion, that is, building a teahouse next to Nianhuaxi, collecting tea and paying tribute every year, and drinking Yangxian tea became a popular fashion. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, "Yangxian Tea" was still a famous tea. Later, as the tea-producing area moved south, the Beijing tea produced in Jianzhou gradually took its place as a tribute, and the court ordered the production of "Yangxian Tea". Among the southern countries, the Southern Tang Dynasty is the most vigorous period of agricultural development. At that time, the royal treasury was full, "whoever accumulated weapons had more than seven million silks." The prosperity of agriculture and mulberry industry in China is unprecedented, and the depth and breadth of agricultural development are unparalleled in the north and south. Of course, only describing the performance of agriculture is of no academic significance. The above content aims to reveal that, after the correct policy, building water conservancy is the first important task for the Nantang regime located in the Jianghuai basin to develop the south, improve the living environment and March into the depth and breadth of production. The gradual formation of rice planting as the main mode, supplemented by wheat, mulberry, tea, hemp and fruit, marks the formation of a new pattern of China's agricultural economic center moving southward in Jiangsu, and the economic activities based on it gradually show fresh vitality. Mr. Zheng pointed out in the article "Agricultural Economy in the Yangtze River Basin and Jiangnan Area in the Five Dynasties Period" published in 1985 that since Shang Yang's political reform in ancient China, the policy of land to the tiller and food to the soldiers was basically implemented, and so was the so-called "soldiers had enough to eat". Because the north is the political center of ancient times, there are many government troops, and there is a great demand for food. The government's tax policy determines that northern agriculture should focus on growing grain. Because there is no tradition of taking grain as the key link, there are not so many officers and men in the north, and because of superior natural conditions, it is easy to grow cash crops and has good diversified operating conditions. Therefore, in the process of commercialization, Jiangnan agriculture developed its strengths and avoided its weaknesses, and used superior natural conditions to grow cash crops and carry out diversified operations, which made the south appear the trend of agricultural commercialization earlier. The author believes that, in a sense, it is this kind of commercial implantation that gives the development of agriculture in South China a completely different and higher platform. Since then, Jiangsu's regional economic development has taken agriculture as a breakthrough, gradually opened its posture and entered a new era. According to Feng Menglong's Taiping Guangji Banknotes, Zhao, the wife of Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms, will weave a brocade with dragon and phoenix patterns. During the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, Liu moved Luoyang brocade workers to Jiankang, and set up a "fighting field brocade department" to specialize in brocade production, and Jinling brocade technology began. Yang Wu's tax on textiles greatly stimulated textile production, which was unprecedented in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Runzhou's square grain silk and water ripple silk are superb in technology. Folk looms are popular, and there are countless weavers. Many people are skilled, not only working in Nantang, but also in neighboring countries. Runzhou Gong Jin enjoys a high reputation. Xu Wan, a native of Runzhou, launched a rebellion in Hangzhou. There are more than 300 Gong Jin workers in this city, all of whom are from Runzhou. Yuan Ying, the eldest son of Qian Liu, was afraid of their involvement in Xu Wan's rebellion, and announced that "Your Majesty ordered all workers to be relieved of their jobs today". (Volume 1 King Wu) Put down the rebellion. Southern Tang government has workshops with many varieties and large quantities. "At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Xu saw the hidden treasure, took the gold silk at will, and left with a heavy load." It can be seen that the national treasury is huge. There are also many rewards for sealing officials. Zhang Xian wrote that Li Yu "gave silks thirty paragraphs". Li Houzhu's ci is a portrayal of court life in the Southern Tang Dynasty. There are many beautiful words and sentences in his works, such as "Red Brocade and Green Brocade" ("Huanxi Sand"), "Embroidered Bed Leaning on Jiao" ("Embroidering Pearl") and "Thin Shirt and Brocade" ("Sauvignon Blanc"), which are very readable. But some things are sad, such as "the pillow on the mountain is tired and the brocade is cold" ("More Leakage"), "Luozhou can't stand the cold in five seasons" ("Langtaosha"), "Jade hook curtain, melancholy smoke hanging down" ("Linjiangxian"). Li Yu "tried to nail the golden carrot on the palace wall, nail the tortoise shell with silver, wipe the eyes with green cymbals, paste the red carrot, and so on ...". Every tanabata is a coincidence, and a hundred horses will be ordered to think of the Moon Palace as a Tianhe. "Behind such luxury, there is a grand textile foundation. Due to the development of textile industry, dyeing technology has also been improved. Li's people "dyed blue, exposed to the atrium at night, dyed by dew, and their colors are very good." (Volume 1) This almost turquoise dyeing enjoyed a high reputation at that time. The list of dye houses in Jiankang City was named "Tianshui Bi". Later generations praised "Tianshui Bi" in succession, and even the lyrical object, "Tianshui Bi" has become a common beautiful word. There is a saying in Yan Shu in the Song Dynasty that "the night rain turns the sky". Zhou Mi's "Looking at Pottery in the West Five Mountains of Wen Que": "The sky is blue, and the autumn color of a river is dyed. The dragon pierces the snow-capped mountains and the wind blows the sea. Counting cigarette drops, the sky is red and wet. Bai Niao sails straight and listens to the night flute across the river. "The artistic conception rendered by Tianshui Bi is unusual. Textile industry is not only a handicraft product, but also an important material basis for national management. In 939, the imperial edict of the Southern Tang Dynasty for three years stipulated that "those who plant three thousand copies of mulberry in three years will be given fifty silks". (Volume 15 Biography of Southern Tang Dynasty) Li worships Buddha, and there are many silks in the temple, which shows that the inventory of silk in Southern Tang Dynasty is surplus.

Huainan, Yangzhou and Chuzhou are the main salt producing areas in ancient China. Yangzhou is famous for Jiangdu and Hailing, while Chuzhou is famous for Yancheng and Lianshui. Yangzhou, in particular, is located in the north-south artery. Since ancient times, salt merchants have gathered wealth and are the national salt distribution center. There was a saying of "Yang Yier" in the Tang Dynasty. Gu said in the book "Diseases of Countries in the World" that as early as the Han Dynasty, Liu Ying, the king of Wu, began to dig ditches and drain water from Zhuyuwan Scenic Area to Cang Ling and Rugao Panxi, specializing in cooking sea for profit and digging rivers to transport sea salt. After the founding of Yangwu and Nantang, salt industry was regarded as an important capital and became a major social economy in Jianghuai. Yang Wu set up a Hailing family in Taizhou. According to the private land tax, for every seedling, three buckets are added, and the official gives a liter of salt, which is called "salt rice". In 937, in the first year of Yuanxing in the Southern Tang Dynasty, the Southern Tang Dynasty moved its capital to Taizhou and set up Hailing Supervisor, which strengthened the management of salt industry. Chuzhou has also set up a Yancheng supervisor to "manage the Yanting Pavilion". By the time the Northern Song Dynasty was unified, Yancheng had "more than 410.7 million stones, and Taizhou Hailing Salt Rugao Cang and Xiaohaichang had 656,000 stones." Huainan Salt Benefit played a very important role in the rule of Southern Tang Dynasty, so that after Nan Zhou acquired several states in Southern Tang Dynasty, the Southern Tang Salt Field was completely lost and the economy was seriously hindered. Excavate said on the table that he was willing to "give them all the people who were not trapped in Jiangbei County and hundreds of thousands of local taxes lost at the age of ..." Since then, the salt industry has become an economic bargaining chip firmly controlled by the Hou Zhou regime.

Wu Yang and Nantang are located in the Jianghuai water town, with beautiful lakes and mountains, and the shipbuilding industry is very developed. As early as the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Huai 'an is now a shipbuilding base along the Huaihe River. The ships built by Emperor Wendi of Sui started from Huaihe River and entered Bianhe River along Huaihe River. Emperor Taizong invaded Korea and built hundreds of large warships in Jianghuai. Yangzhou Yangzi Shipyard is a large shipbuilding base in Tang Dynasty. When Ada was in charge of water transport, according to the different hydrological characteristics of the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Huaihe River and Bianshui River, various suitable vessels were built and put into transport. In the late Tang Dynasty, due to poor management, the official shipbuilding industry gradually shrank. During Wu Yang and Southern Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou and Jinling were important shipbuilding centers, and the government set up shipyards to build various ships. There are several reasons for the prosperity of shipbuilding industry. First, with the economic center of China moving southward and the geographical environment near the Huaihe River, people who have gradually broadened their horizons have expanded their lives. After the germination of commodity economy, daily business travel, trade, production and life all need ships to open up waterway transportation. For example, when the Southern Tang Dynasty conducted maritime trade with the Qidan, in the second year of the Southern Tang Dynasty (938), the Qidan "brought 30,000 sheep and 200 horses", and the scale of the transaction was large. If the land was blocked, what kind of ship transportation was needed could be inferred; Second, with the development of grain transportation, especially the development of salt industry, the shipbuilding industry has flourished again, and the finished salt in coastal salt fields must be transported to the distribution center, and ships are the first choice of transportation equipment; Third, due to the need of war, it directly promoted the prosperity of shipbuilding industry in Yangwu and Nantang. First, Yang Wu and wuyue fought a long-term tug-of-war with the center line of Taihu Lake as the boundary. On the surface of the Yangtze River, Langshanhe River and Taihu Lake, both sides invested a lot of water troops, and the battle was fierce. Later, in the following week, a shipbuilding base was established in Daliang. Facing the threat of war, Nantang stepped up its shipbuilding competition, which not only produced huge warships, but also produced short and sensitive reconnaissance canoes. From the third year of Zhou Xiande (956) to the fifth year of Xiande, naval officers of both sides fought for three years. From the common names of "kayak" and "boat" in the literature, we can imagine the developed degree of shipbuilding industry of both sides at that time. Fourth, for the needs of diplomatic navigation. Due to the traffic jam between north and south, Nantang had to seek outward development. For example, the friendship between Nantang and Qidan opened up a sea passage against the Central Plains regime. Another example is to import "fierce fire oil" from Zhancheng for military reasons, and then transport this oil to Qidan. It is inconceivable that there is no huge transport ship. In addition, Nantang also keeps in touch with Silla, Korea, big food and other countries, and such a voyage also needs superb shipbuilding technology to ensure.

Chengxin Tang paper is one of the famous papers in the Five Dynasties. Empresses of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties are good at writing poems and like to collect books and papers. Therefore, a house in Jinling yamen was named Chengxin Hall as a place to collect poems. After the Southern Tang Dynasty, the master specially invited Sichuan paper makers to come to Chengxin Hall to make a new paper with excellent texture, named "Chengxin Hall Paper". Because the quality of Chengxin Tang paper is very good, it is so valuable that it is a leader in paper products. Since then, the Song Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty have also learned the technology of the Southern Tang Dynasty, producing and using this kind of paper.

The advantages of Jiangsu province's river and sea make the handicrafts of Yangwu and Nantang have a very strong regional color, and also present a thriving situation. The site of late Tang and Five Dynasties celadon kiln discovered in Gui Jing, Yixing reflects the uniqueness of Jiangnan porcelain industry in embryo, glaze color, modeling and decoration. Shugang tea in Yangzhou and Zizun tea in Changzhou in Southern Tang Dynasty are world-famous. Due to the development of tea production, the tea industry flourished in the Southern Tang Dynasty. There were as many as 38 tea shops in the Southern Tang Dynasty, specializing in the production of high-grade tea products for the royal family and nobles. There are many private tea houses, and there are more than 1000 private tea houses in China. The center of the paper industry in Southern Tang Dynasty was in southern Anhui, but according to the Records of Jiangnan, there was a "paper merchant" in Liuhe County at that time, and it is still called the "paper house" in the south of Liuhe Bridge. Because Li Yuzhong is good at Xuan paper, it is also possible to have special institutions to make Tang paper in Chi, Ganxian and Jinling. Some people have verified from folklore that the "Bailuyuan" variety in rice paper was produced in Nanjing, and this paper was named to commemorate a young man named Bailuyuan who went from Xuancheng to Jinling to make paper.

Besides, the gold and silver wares and bronzes in Yangzhou and Runzhou are exemplary. It is said that Li Yu specially ordered craftsmen to build a lotus flower six feet high, so that maids could stand on the lotus flower and dance with their feet bound. The new characteristics of commerce in Southern Tang Dynasty should attract the attention of academic circles. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is a specific era. In a relatively narrow space, countries, especially southern countries, are seriously underutilized. Therefore, they generally attach importance to attracting merchants, managing commercial interests, collecting business tax to supplement national use, and commodity exchange is unprecedentedly active. As a result, although there is discord between countries, private transactions are becoming more and more frequent; Although the Grand Canal was blocked, shipping developed. The degree of commercial activities in southern countries increased according to the Tang Dynasty. What the rulers of all countries didn't expect was that in the process of agricultural commercialization and various economic behaviors in the south of the Yangtze River, the urban functions changed greatly, which showed that the political functions were gradually weakened and the economic functions were gradually strengthened. The transformation of this function is of great significance to the substantial shift of China's economic and cultural center of gravity to the south and the sequence of Jiangsu's earlier entry into more developed areas.

First, the commercial activities of Yang Wu and Nantang enabled them to obtain the material conditions needed by the country to the maximum extent, enriched their national strength, enhanced their political influence, and made Nantang a southern regime that could compete with the Central Plains and possibly unify the whole country.

The diversification of natural conditions in Wu Yang and Nantang brings rich products, and the importance of geographical location makes Nantang play a decisive role in commercial activities and become the commercial center of various countries to a certain extent. The South Tang Dynasty and the Central Plains are bounded by the Huaihe River, and the trade activities between the two sides are mostly carried out through Shouzhou. The main commodities of trade are tea and silk, which are mainly used in exchange for sheep and horses. There are also transactions between the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Southern Han Dynasty, wuyue, Machu and Xishu, and merchants have traveled all over the surrounding countries. In the Southern Tang Dynasty's battle against Fujian, "Hanlin and others wrote a letter to Zang Xun and tasted Jia Yumin, knowing that mountains and rivers are dangerous and easy, which is also the plan of Wen Jinbing." In the winter of the fourth year of Kaibao (97 1), a warship was built in Jingnan in the Song Dynasty. After the Southern Tang merchants doing business in the local area found out, "Please go to Jiangling to steal and burn the imperial warships. The Lord of the country was afraid of leaking things and refused to listen. The merchants all fled. " (Volume V, Five Books of the Emperors) The trade between Nantang and Qidan was mainly conducted by sea, with sheep, horses and other livestock as the mainstay, as well as military supplies such as fierce fire oil. "At that time, Qidan had wiped out the Bohai Kingdom in the northeast. The maritime traffic between Nantang and Qidan had to take the traditional sea route, from the Yangtze River estuary in the East China Sea to the north, through the Shandong Peninsula, and directly to the north and south coasts at the southern tip of Liaodong Peninsula." (p323)

Overseas trade is an important part of commerce in Southern Tang Dynasty. Yangzhou is an important port, from which tea, silk, porcelain and other commodities are continuously transported to Zhancheng, Silla, North Korea and as far away as big food. Consumer goods from all over the world are also imported from overseas to Nantang. In Dr. Chen Zhiyong's "Playing a Country to the Imperial Court", it is mentioned that "occupying the city and offering elephant training"; (Volume 873) "When Yuan Zong was in China, all the elephants in the sea country could worship the mountains and call them". (Volume 873) Which country is this sea country? I don't know. Zou Jinfeng believes that some overseas businessmen often call themselves envoys of a certain country in order to improve their status and gain more commercial benefits. These so-called overseas countries marched into elephants, which was probably a form of folk trade between China and foreign countries at that time. (p 188) From the narrative style of staying in Jiangnan, it is reasonable.

Commercial activities brought abundant social wealth to Southern Tang Dynasty, which directly stimulated economic development. It is not a compliment to say that "Chinese and foreign soldiers will rest in peace, agriculture and weaving will flourish, cultural relics will flourish, and China and North Korea will gradually become elegant". Reflected in politics, Nantang has become a pivotal southern power among the ten countries, which can not only compete with the Central Plains, but also have considerable strength to achieve national reunification. The later history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is actually a history of confrontation between the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Central Plains.

Secondly, the commercial activities of Yangwu and Nantang brought the preliminary information of urban modernization. Jinling, Yangzhou and Runzhou became the pioneers of regional cities in China who felt the modern atmosphere earlier, laying an early foundation for China's economic center of gravity to move to the south and the sustainable development of Jiangsu's regional economy.

Cities are the product of commercial activities. Although the rise of Jianghuai cities such as Jinling and Yangzhou has a long history, the development speed is quite slow due to the lack of mutant genes in the long-term development. The reason is that the commercialization of the city is far from enough to promote the transformation of the city. It can't be said that Nantang has accomplished this mission, and its efforts are far from enough, but it has already begun this transformation, which makes Jiangnan cities sneak along the road of modernization under the background of heavy feudal obligations. We don't need to discuss the formation process and urban form of these cities, nor do we need to demonstrate how to increase the variety of goods and other common factors. It is necessary to get a glimpse of the fact that "modernization" is budding in Nantang from another specific angle:

First, new business premises are constantly emerging, and the multi-directional trend of commodity trading extends the business time and space. In the big cities of Tang Dynasty, the square market system was implemented, and there were specialized commercial markets in big cities such as Nantang, Jinling, Yangzhou and Runzhou. Most of the squares in Jinling City are concentrated in the south of the city. The "chicken trip" mentioned by Zheng Wenbao in "Recent Situation of Southern Tang Dynasty" is the downtown area of Southern Tang Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, Yuan Jian Kang Xuzhi of Qing Dynasty said that this place "was once a prosperous place, and the Southern Tang Dynasty was listed as a scholar here". Another cloud, "Qi's Continued Record" Yunqianzhuang, now Qianzhuang Street in Jinling Square, is a collection of goods and goods. Flower line, this building street, also known as flower line street, has gardeners, but the city is in name only and there is no market. "These workshops are concentrated in manual workshops. The so-called bank is a gold and silver processing factory, and the flower shop is a place dedicated to decorating flowers. With the increase of exchange capacity, some spontaneous new business premises began to form. Runzhou is close to the Yangtze River. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, there was a poem praising the Jinshan River: "Huai Zhou divides ants and flies gather on the river." (Volume 1) There is a market along the river, which is obviously formed to meet the needs of the increase of ships coming and going on the river, and is no longer restricted by transactions in fixed places. When Xu Zhie was Yong Lian's ambassador to Runzhou, he was "bowing and trading in the west of Yacheng". (Volume 279 "Jiba in the Later Tang Dynasty") is also obviously not in the trading place stipulated in the city. This kind of "furtive" transaction has always been criticized by Xu Wen. At the same time, driven by huge profits, it should be the general trend that founding dignitaries like Zhou Zong and important officials like the Hsu family get involved in commodity trading. Not only is business booming in the city, but there are also many business opportunities in the countryside. Caoshi and Bazaar are very prosperous, and many Bazaars are upgraded to counties or towns, such as Dongzhou Town in Hailing, Qingjiang, Hailing and Rugao all upgraded to counties, while Taizhou was upgraded to a state and became an important town in Jiangbei. (Volume11,geographical table) shows that the germination of commodity economy has moved to rural market towns along the Yangtze River, which has a certain breadth and has become the expansion and supplement of urban commodity economy. Mr. Zheng put forward the concept of "local small market" in "Preliminary Investigation of Commodity Economy in Five Dynasties and Ten Countries" published by 1982, and pointed out that this is the basis for forming regional market and national market. In addition to the expansion of space, the change of trading time is also worth noting. Night markets appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and urban night markets in the Southern Tang Dynasty were more common. The poem of Jiang's family in Runzhou above came to mind by accident when I spent the night in Jinshan.

Second, the Southern Tang Dynasty attached importance to business and commercial activities created a huge class of wealthy businessmen, who even took charge of the country's destiny together with the literati and officialdom, which set a precedent for the dynasties of the past. Zhou Zong, the founding emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, became a politician and a wealthy businessman because he was "rich and easy to trade. Every time he traded in Huai, he took China as a sheep and horse". Its trading scale was huge, and it was also heard in the Central Plains, so that when Zhou Shizong soldiers crossed the Huaihe River, they came up with a plan to travel with soldiers in sheep's clothing. The hoarding of big businessmen once concentrated the wealth of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the hands of businessmen. At the beginning of Li Yu's accession to the throne, the national treasury reserve was not enough to pay tribute to the Song Dynasty, so he had to buy silks from wealthy businessmen in Jinling as a tribute. In the war of Jinling before the Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty, all those who took refuge in the crock cabinet were "the home of literati and wealthy businessmen". Businessmen and literati stood side by side in the social life of the Southern Tang Dynasty, which had an impact on the country, which was rare in the Southern Tang Dynasty. The famous reorganization of Li Ping ended in failure because of the resistance of wealthy businessmen. In the feudal society, which emphasized agriculture and restrained commerce, the rising status of wealthy businessmen was essentially a positive manifestation of the germination of commodity economy and a new atmosphere in the process of China's economic center moving southward. Although there are not many records, we can still capture this information from limited words.

Third, the emergence of special consumer groups in cities has enhanced the consumption capacity of cities and provided a relatively large class foundation for the further development of commodity economy. The residents of Jianghuai ancient city are mainly officials and their families, the army, some businessmen, urban craftsmen and so on. With the capital of Jinling in the Southern Tang Dynasty and the shift of economic and cultural focus to the south, a large number of royal dignitaries and their families, rich people who manage salt tea, literati and prostitutes from north to south have become new consumption classes in Jinling and its surrounding central cities. They have a large number and strong economic ability, and their living conditions affect the consumption habits of cities. Song Dongti's Postscript of Guang Chuan Shu said: "During the Five Dynasties in the south of the Yangtze River, the clothes of the Central Plains were interesting, so the cultural relics ceremony was still there, so we could get together with the country." Wang Yucheng also said in the early Song Dynasty: "At that time, the southeast was the best place for business travelers. Every time you stab a county and a state, you must leave your descendants, occupy the land of governance, and cover the beauty of mountains and rivers. " . (Volume 30 "Tomb Inscription") The Southern Tang Dynasty is such an example, such as Han Xizai, Lu, Jiang, etc. They are all northerners, and there are often hundreds of people in their families. When wuyue arrived in Runzhou City, there was a gap between the garrison commander Liu Cheng and the much-needed Lu Jiang. Lu Jiang hesitated to kill a general. Liu Cheng was going to surrender, and took the opportunity to let him go first. The general asked, "Where is Naijiakou in Beijing?" Liu Chengdao: "It's urgent. I have a hundred people, and I can't take care of them. " (Volume 27 "The Story of the Pacification" Volume 24) The families of commanders and generals are all in Jinling, and there are a large number of them. In other words, the whole Jinling should be in one large size. The Southern Tang Dynasty emphasized the imperial examination, and domestic candidates concentrated in Jinling. Some of them stayed for a long time and became another consumer group. Wu Qiao, a native of Lujiang, came to Jinling to take the spring exam. "He tried hundreds of people his age"; Shu Ya, a native of Xuanzhou, was praised by Han Xizai as "guarding Jinling when he was a university student". Kang Renjie, a native of Quanzhou, is also "easy to learn from Confucianism and go to Jinling"; Pan Ben's Five Steps or Ding Bai; Xu Qiu said: "Those who raise nine hands and drag white are six or seven." . Southern Tang Dynasty attached importance to the art of calligraphy and painting. The earliest painting academy in China appeared in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and a large number of painters such as Gu, Zhou Wenju, Wei Xian and Wang were active in the painting world. Together with Feng Yansi and other writers and gifted scholars, they formed a huge group of literati. These people live with bureaucrats, nobles and wealthy businessmen, adding a different kind of prosperity to Jinling. Some consumers who need to indulge in debauchery have made the team of geisha, which was fashionable in the Tang Dynasty, grow continuously. They are not only an industry, but also a consumer class. Wu Wangshan in Han Xizai's The Night Banquet was a famous maiko at that time. Yan Yingdian asked Wei Jinzhong to "build a house in the east of the imperial city to make prostitutes happy." (Volume 2) In the past, we often looked at these objects in isolation and regarded the charming feelings of the above-mentioned people as an alternative. In fact, their living conditions are an objective reflection of the commercialization of that era, which has created their commercialization characteristics.

Fourth, the rise of various urban service industries has expanded the extension of commodity economy, systematized the basis of commodity germination, and created conditions for social transformation at the turn of the Tang and Song Dynasties from a higher economic platform. The essence of social transformation at the turn of Tang and Song Dynasties is the germination of political democratic consciousness and the improvement of economic commercialization. The rise of service industry is an important symbol of the enhancement of urban economic function and an important reflection of the degree of commercialization. After the increase of urban population, construction carpentry appeared in housing workshops; Roads need to be cleaned, rivers need to be dredged and road and river maintenance personnel are needed; The city is big and the journey is long, so there are porters and boatmen. Some people pray for Buddha and peace, and they are destined for each other. Monk Mu Ping "knows people's luck, keeps his word, pays tribute, blocks streets and lanes, and the legacy of gold and silk accumulates day by day." (Volume 24 "The Legend of the Magic" 20) Jinling was famous for its numerous restaurants in the north and south in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai's words of "selling Jinling wine in the morning and singing and blowing Sun Chulou" and Du Mu's words of "staying near Qinhuai restaurant" all tell the grand occasion of Jinling catering industry. Southern Tang Dynasty pays attention to diet, only Li Bian "has the flavor of egret cake, Tianxi cake, camel's hoof and cloud cake". As the scholar-officials went south in succession, pastry food was brought forth new ideas and varied. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, the cake can be reflected as a warning light, the surface can be knotted, and even chaotic soup can be injected into the inkstone, which is amazing. The service industry is further refined, permeating all aspects of urban life and enhancing the function and vitality of the city. Some people named Zhou Ze made a living by playing umbrellas when they were young. When Li Yu tried to ask about it, he replied, "I am eager for rice and salt. I make two umbrellas every day, but I am a tycoon when it rains for a few months."

We can also further explore the development of commerce in Southern Tang Dynasty from the perspective of currency evolution. For example, many historians criticize the Southern Tang Dynasty for casting iron money, which is considered as a manifestation of poverty. In fact, in order to meet the needs of exchange, the achievements of the Southern Tang Dynasty in currency are the main ones, some of which are very innovative, such as "money", which is a wonderful flower in the treasure house of currency culture and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Of course, the Southern Tang Dynasty is in the transitional zone at the turn of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and it is still in its infancy in many aspects. But the information it brings us is fresh, and its achievements in many aspects have yet to be discovered. We should study and comment on it with a normal attitude, especially in the process of Jiangsu's regional economy and even China's economic and cultural migration to the south, and we should have a brand-new conclusion on the sustainable development of Jiangsu's regional economy. Famous painters in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period include Hao Jing and Guan Tong in the Back of the Liang Dynasty, Dong Yuan, Ju Ran and Xu Xi in the South of the Tang Dynasty, and Huang Quan in the Back of Shu. Hao Jing is good at painting mountains and rivers, while Guantong developed from Hao Jing and is good at painting the direction of Guanhe River. They are also called "Jing He Guan", which is one of the main schools of northern landscape painting in the Five Dynasties. Dong Yuan and Ju Ran are good at depicting Jiangnan scenery with thick ink or light ink. They are also known as "Dong Heju", and they are one of the main schools of southern landscape painting in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty. Huang Quan is good at painting rare birds and exotic flowers in the palace and waterfowl pavilions in rivers and lakes. They are also called "Huang and Xu". At that time, there was a proverb "Huang Fu is crazy about Xu" to describe the different styles of their works. In addition, Gu's "Han Xizai's Night Banquet" is also an artistic treasure handed down from generation to generation.