Feynman visited Brazil in the 1980s and taught physics in universities. At that time, Brazil was struggling to catch up with western science, and the whole country had a passion for learning science, far superior to the United States at that time.
But soon, Feynman found the problem. In class, his physics graduate students can recite complex physics formulas, but they can't answer simple physics questions in his life:
It took me a long time to learn that my students memorized everything, but they didn't understand what they were reciting at all.
When they hear "light reflected from a medium with a certain refractive index", they have no idea that it refers to something like "water". They don't know that "the direction of light" is the direction in which you see things.
Feynman became the best physicist in the 20th century because he always knew the difference between "knowing something" and "knowing the name of something".
He always thinks that there are two kinds of knowledge and information we have learned, and most people always pay attention to the first one. First of all, we focus on learning the surface or name of things. Second, focus on understanding and deep excavation. Feynman always said that his success lies in his profound understanding of learning one thing, and this method is suitable for all topics and everyone can do it.
Next, I will introduce Feynman's learning methods to you. In just four simple steps, you can better understand what you know.
1
Choose a concept
Choose a topic that you need to learn and understand. Take out a piece of paper and write down the title.
2
Teach this concept
Write or draw everything you know under this topic. While writing, you can start telling yourself, or find someone who doesn't understand this topic at all to introduce him.
Because when we learn new content, it is often accompanied by too many unfamiliar words or technical terms. To understand according to professional translation or definition is actually deceiving yourself, because you won't realize whether you really understand.
And when you connect a knowledge point with a picture in simple language from beginning to end, you will force yourself to understand this theory first and find out what you are not clear about. ...
three
Redo poorly done
When you find that you can't explain a theory in simple language, or you can't relate it to other knowledge. You will know exactly where you need to spend more time and energy to understand the topic. This is the beginning of real learning.
If you find yourself stuck when telling yourself or others, learn the raw materials first, and then learn to understand.
four
Review and streamlining
Now, after the first three steps, you have written down the explanation of this concept. Review these explanations and make sure you don't borrow any complicated concepts to explain this concept. Read these explanations out loud. If reading is not concise enough or sounds a little confusing, it means that you can further deepen your understanding in these places. You can also try to explain by analogy with common things and phenomena.
Finally, you can explain the concept clearly in the simplest language and with the least words. This time shows that you really understand the essence of this concept.
When you really use Feynman method, you will find that it is not only a learning method, but also a way of thinking. Mr Feynman mentioned in Stop, Mr Feynman that his father taught him this way of thinking when he was a child:
See that bird? It is a short pheasant songbird, but it is called halzenfugel in Germany and Chung Ling in China. Even if you know all its names, you still know nothing about this bird.
Look, this short pheasant songbird is singing and teaching its young to fly. It travels tens of thousands of miles across the country in summer, but no one knows how it finds its way.
This is a very simple truth: knowing the name of a thing does not mean really knowing it. It's like we've been learning math since childhood. We memorized the multiplication table of 1999 to partial differential equations, but we didn't learn "mathematical thinking" and really learned to look at the problems around us from a mathematical point of view.
This is actually the same as the first-principles thinking that Tesla founder elon musk and space exploration technology company, who also graduated from physics department, admire and are good at.
Musk mentioned in the interview:
Think with basic principles] You boil things down to the most basic truth … and then reason from there.
When you think with basic principles, you can trace back to the most basic facts ... and then, from the most basic truth, you make logical upward deduction.
Great minds think alike!
Source of the article: Wecrack "3 minutes, 4 steps, let you master the best learning method: Feynman method", and the collection of "Feynman Fast Learning Method for Famous Physicists".
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