According to Yu Gong, Kyushu is Yuzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Liangzhou, Yongzhou, Jizhou and Yanzhou, covering most areas of traditional China, with Yanshan Mountains, Bohai Bay and Liaodong in the north, South China Sea in the south, Gansu in the west and Western Regions in the east. As mentioned in Zuo Zhuan, Dayu painted a picture of Kyushu on the tripod, symbolizing that all Kyushu in the world belonged to the Xia Dynasty. This ambitious spirit made Jiuding a treasure of the Xia Dynasty.
However, it is hard to understand, because it was not until the Shang Zhouwang period that the territory developed to the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River, and the territory of the Xia Dynasty was even narrower. Why did Dayu divide Kyushu? Moreover, with the productivity of the Xia Dynasty, there is no way to control such a large area of Kyushu. In that case, is it true that Dayu divided Kyushu?
As for the territory of Xia Dynasty, according to modern scholars' research, it starts from western Henan and southwestern Shanxi in the west, reaches the junction of Henan, Shandong and Anhui in the east, reaches northern Hubei in the south and southern Hebei in the north, covering an area of about 265,438+10,000 square kilometers. Among them, the core areas are about Yanshi, Dengfeng, Xinmi and Yuzhou.
However, this is the territory of the most prosperous period of the Xia Dynasty, which was slowly developed by the kings of the Xia Dynasty. However, in the early Xia Dynasty of Dayu era, the main activity was in Hanoi in the south-central part of Shanxi. From today's perspective, the territory of early summer is extremely narrow.
In early summer, there are 40,000 square kilometers, 500,000 square kilometers and 6,543.8+0,000 square kilometers, which should be the difference between directly affiliated territory, occupied area and disaster-stricken area. 40,000 square kilometers should only be directly affiliated territory in early summer.
However, in any case, one thing is certain: the territory of Dayu era is certainly far less than Kyushu, which we are familiar with, and it can only be regarded as the corner of Kyushu.
Because of this, many historical researchers think it is false. As the famous scholar Mr. Gu Jiegang pointed out in Gong Yu Notes, Kyushu theory appeared in the Warring States Period. According to the assumption that the Warring States were divided into ancient countries, its geographical knowledge was limited to the territory reached by the seven Warring States in 280 BC, because there was no such a large territory in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, let alone divided into Kyushu.
Phoenix. There is an article called "Has China implemented the Kyushu system?" The author, a librarian of Fudan University, supports Gu Jiegang's view that Kyushu is the plan of the Warring States scholars for the future national reunification and reflects their political ideals.
According to the division of Kyushu, which we are familiar with, it is indeed consistent with the territory of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period. So Dayu's division of Kyushu was really forged by the ancients with ulterior motives in the Warring States period?
To explore this matter, it is necessary for us to see why Dayu divided Kyushu.
According to Yugong, Dayu divided the world into Kyushu according to mountains, rivers, products and customs, mainly for taxation. The so-called "tribute" is "tax", which distinguishes what goods are sold in each real estate and then requires local tribute. Of course, it should also include the meaning of facilitating the management of the world.
However, it still goes back to the original question, because according to the productivity of Dayu era, it is impossible to control a huge area, and an area as large as Kyushu requires tribute. For example, in Yangzhou, it is estimated that Dayu is simply ignored. Some scholars put forward a view that the Kyushu region divided by Dayu is actually only nine communities or nine directions. Later generations gradually expanded the area contained in Kyushu and gradually formed the Kyushu we know today. However, this view lacks handed down literature and archaeological evidence.
So, why did Dayu divide Kyushu? Scholar Shao put forward the viewpoint that Kyushu is related to archaeological culture, such as the boundary between Qingzhou and Xuzhou in Gong Yu, which coincides with Haidai Cultural District, the main distribution area of Dawenkou-Longshan cultural system in archaeology for more than 4,000 years. In other words, when Dayu divided Kyushu, he divided it according to the distribution of different forces. The unique imprint formed by these forces has become archaeological culture, such as Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture.
As we all know, according to archaeological discoveries, there are a large number of archaeological remains in Kyushu divided by Dayu from 7,000 years ago to 4,000 years ago, such as Chengtoushan site in Changde, Hunan Province, which is the earliest ancient city discovered in China so far, and Liangzhu ancient city more than 5,000 years ago. These cultural sites also have evidence of mutual exchange, such as the Longshan cultural factor of Chengtoushan site in Liangzhu. In other words, through the evidence of cultural exchange, we can see that Dayu's understanding of world geography may be far broader than we thought, and it is not limited to a certain corner.
But these evidences can only show that Dayu may have divided Kyushu, but can't prove that Dayu did, because there is no archaeological evidence. So, when did Kyushu appear? Archaeological findings prove that Qilu culture, Bashu culture, Wuyue culture, Jingchu culture and their branches in the Zhou Dynasty indicate that Zhou people's geographical knowledge has broken through the scope of Kyushu, proving that Kyushu theory has existed for at least 3,000 years, and it is impossible for Zhou people to put forward an obviously backward geographical knowledge.
The archaeological remains of Shang Dynasty prove this point. Judging from Shang bronzes and sites containing Shang culture, it has almost gone beyond the range from Longdong and southern Shaanxi in the west, western Liaoning in the north, northern Zhejiang in the east and Kyushu in central Jiangxi, central Hunan and Sichuan in the south. Obviously, it is not surprising that the Shang people put forward the concept of Kyushu at least 3000 years ago as far as these archaeological discoveries are concerned.
To sum up, it is impossible to give 100% proof as to whether Dayu proposed Kyushu. However, judging from Gong Yu and archaeological discoveries, although the territory of the Xia Dynasty in Dayu's time was not large, his geographical knowledge could completely include Kyushu. At least from the situation of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou people only divided more states, and did not think that there was only Kyushu in the world, indicating that China's Kyushu theory had been circulating for at least 3,000 years.
Strangely, many scholars now firmly believe in the history of the West, making no distinction at all, proving that the West is the center of human civilization, but they constantly question the history of China and look at it with suspicion. In fact, if measured by the same standard, many amazing western history can't stand scrutiny at all, but the history of China can form a tight chain of evidence. As for Dayu's division into Kyushu, although there is no evidence of 100%, it can be proved that the theory of Kyushu has been circulated in Shang Dynasty. Three thousand years ago, China had such a huge geographical concept as Kyushu. Who can compare with ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, Cuba and Birumbi?