Nice tactics!
Is the abuse of force, belligerence, he often instigated his master to do something against etiquette, justice and shame. For example, when Cao Pi became an official, Cao Cao was still hovering between Cao Zhi and Cao Pi in choosing a successor. For his own self-interest, he advised Pi to frame Cao Zhi and make him emperor.
Jia Xu-Personal File
Personal data gender male
Native place [Liangzhou] Wuwei Ancient Collection [now Wuwei, Gansu]
Relevant records that have not appeared for the time being.
Guan Qiuzhi Shi Su Yue
Family information, unknown father
Mother unknown
Unknown spouse
Brothers and sisters have no relevant information at present.
The child has no relevant information at present.
Related person Zhang Xiu
Wei Guo xiu
Jia Xu —— A Concise Historical Biography
Jia Xu was originally a subordinate of Dong Zhuo. After the demise of Dong Zhuo, Jia Xu suggested that Li Jue, Guo Si and others attack Chang 'an to protect themselves, causing chaos, and then attached to Duan Wei and Zhang Xiu, offering many tricks. Later, he advised Zhang Xiu to surrender to Cao Cao and became an important counselor under Cao Cao. He made many suggestions on the battle of Guandu, Ma Pingchao and his heirs, which was highly valued by Cao Cao. After Cao Pi ascended the throne, Jia Xu was promoted to Qiu and died several years later. Jia Xu was very wise and good at protecting himself, and was recognized as a wise man at that time.
Jia Xu-Romantic Biography
Jia Xu was a famous counselor in the Three Kingdoms period. He originally belonged to Li Jue. In order to protect themselves, he suggested that Li Jue and others attack Chang 'an and create chaos. When fighting with Guo Si, Jia Xu fled back to his hometown to save himself. After Jia Xu switched to Zhang Xiu, he persuaded Zhang Xiu to surrender to Cao Cao. Zhang Xiu designed assists during the rebellion, successfully captured Cao Jun, and later designed many times to resist Cao Cao's attack, showing the demeanor of a professional counselor. Before the battle of Guandu, Jia Xu once again advised Zhang Xiu to surrender to Cao Cao and then joined Cao Cao. Since then, Jia Xu has made many suggestions in pacifying the four northern countries, pacifying Ma Chao and destroying Zhang Lu, which won the trust of Cao Cao. Later, he became an official during the Wei Wendi period and died soon.
Jia Xu's Historical Evaluation
Chen Shou commented: "Jia Xu has no plan at all. He is a good person and has a flat temper." !
Jia Xu was not famous when he was young. Only Zhong Yan, a famous man at that time, thought he was different and said he had the wisdom of Sean and Chen Ping. Jia Xu was inspected as Lang in his early years, resigned due to illness, and went west to return home to Miandi. On the way, I met Mianren and was captured by Mianren with dozens of people in the same industry. Jia Xu said, "I'm Duan Gong's grandson. Don't hurt me. My family must use a lot of money to redeem me. " At that time, Duan Qirui, the commander of the frontier fortress, was famous in the west for a long time, so Jia Xu pretended to be Duan Qirui's grandson to scare Jane. Jane really didn't dare to harm him, and even sent him back after swearing at him, and the rest were killed. Jia Xu has such a gift for improvisation, and there are many such things.
[189], Dong Zhuo invaded Luoyang and began to control the central government. Jia Xu, as Qiu, worked as a captain in Peiping, Tianjin and Tianjin, and was promoted to a captain for soliciting customers. At that time, Niu Fu, Dong Zhuo's son-in-law, was stationed in Shaanxi, and Jia Xu was in Niu Fu.
[192], Dong Zhuo was murdered by Wang Yun, Lu Bu and others. Soon, Niu Fu was also killed by his men in his escape, and everyone was afraid. Dong Zhuo's men Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Ji and others were helpless, so they sent envoys to Chang 'an to ask for pardon. Wang Yun is just and upright, but he doesn't think so. Li Jue and others were more afraid and didn't know what to do. They are going to disband the army and flee to the village. In order to protect himself, Jia Xu stopped them and said, "I heard that Chang 'an is rumored to kill all the people in Xiliang. If you abandon others and go your own way, a curator can catch you. It is better to lead the army to the west, meet the soldiers along the way, and then attack Chang' an to avenge Dong Zhuo. If you are lucky enough to succeed, you can conquer the whole country in the name of the imperial court. If you can't succeed, it's not too late to escape now. " The plan was adopted by everyone. In the name of revenge against Dong Zhuo, Li Jue and others contacted the generals of Xiliang and led an army to attack Chang 'an. By the time we reached the gate of Chang 'an, 65,438+10,000 people had gathered. Li Jue, Fan Chou, Mona Lee and others besieged Chang 'an, but because of the strong Yugoslav capital, they could not conquer it. After that, the mutinous soldiers in the city led Li Jue's army into the city and started street fighting with the garrison commander Lu Bu. Lu Bu was defeated, and only led more than a hundred riders to flee. Li Jue and other soldiers plundered, and more than 10,000 officials and people died, with bodies all over the road. At that time, the capital was in an uproar. After the job was done, Jia Xu was appointed as Zuo Fengyi. Li Jue and others want to commend him for his meritorious deeds. Jia Xu said, "This is a lifesaver. What is the credit? " Absolutely not. Li Jue and others asked Jia Xu to be the servant of Shangshu. Jia Xu said, "Shangshu servant is Guan Bai's teacher and an example to the world. I, Jia Xu, have never been famous, and it is difficult to convince others. Even if I can indulge in vanity, what is good for the country? " So he turned to Jia Xu, who was in charge of selecting talents, and made many achievements in personnel. Li Jue and others are very close to Jia Xu, but at the same time they are afraid of him. Soon, Jia Xu's mother died, and Jia Xu resigned, and was later worshipped as Dr. Guanglu.
[195], Guo Si and Fan Chou were suspicious of each other, fighting for power and profit, and Li Jue was stabbed to death by riding captain Hu Feng. Soon, the contradiction between Li and Guo became more and more fierce, and they began to make war. Li Jue asked Jia Xu to help him as General Xuanyi. Later, Li and Guo made peace and released the kidnapped and courtiers. Jia Xu made great efforts to this end, and then Jia Xu returned the official seal. At that time, General Duan Wei was stationed in China in the same county as Jia Xu. Jia Xu took refuge in Duan Wei. Jia Xu has always been famous and admired by Duan Wei's army. Duan Wei was afraid that Jia Xu would seize the military power, but on the surface he was very polite to Jia Xu. After Jia Xu saw it, he felt uneasy. Zhang Xiu in Nanyang secretly contacted Jia Xu, so Zhang Xiu sent someone to see Jia Xu. When Jia Xu left, someone said to Jia Xu, "Duan Wei treated you so well, why did you leave?" Jia Xu said, "Duan Wei is suspicious by nature, which means he suspects me. Although his salary is high, he is unreliable. If he stays too long, he will definitely hurt me. I will be very happy to leave him, and I look forward to docking with foreign aid and being better to my family. Zhang Xiu is short of counselors, and he wants me to save me and my family. " When Jia Xu arrived in Zhang Xiu, Zhang Xiu was overjoyed and took his children to meet him. And Duan Wei knew that Jia Xu had left, and he was really good to his family.
[198] Cao Cao conquered Zhang Xiu in the south and surrounded the yield city controlled by Zhang Xiu. Soon, Cao Cao heard that Yuan Shao wanted to take advantage of Xu Du and immediately retreated to the city. Zhang Xiu led the troops in pursuit, and Liu Biao also sent Jingzhou troops to occupy Anzhong, cutting off the retreat of Jun and attempting to attack Jun with Zhang Xiu. Cao Cao was defeated by Zhang and Liu. After Cao Jun won, he quickly retreated to the north. Zhang Xiu personally led the troops in pursuit, and Jia Xu dissuaded him: "If you can't chase, you will fail." Zhang Xiu didn't listen, forced pursuit, and was defeated by Cao Cao himself. Jia Xu then said to Zhang Xiu, "If you hurry up, you will definitely win." Zhang Xiu said, "Before I came this far, I didn't take your advice. Now that you have lost, why should you pursue it again? " Jia Xu said, "Things have changed. It is profitable to catch up quickly. " Zhang Xiu followed Jia Xu's advice, collected skirmishers, chased them again, and defeated Cao Cao's defenders. After the victory, Zhang Xiu asked Jia Xu what was going on, and Jia Xu explained, "It's easy to understand. Although the general is good at fighting, he is no match for Cao Cao. Cao Jun has just withdrawn, and Cao Cao must personally break through the defense line. Although our pursuers are excellent, the generals can't compete with them, and their soldiers have high morale, so I know you will fail. The reason why Cao Cao withdrew before he tried his best must be that something was wrong in the rear. Therefore, after defeating the general's pursuers, he will definitely retreat with all his strength, leaving others behind. Although the generals he left behind are brave, they are not as good as generals, so I know that generals can win with defeated troops. " Zhang Xiu is very admired.
[199] Yuan Shao sent people to surrender to Zhang Xiu and make friends with Jia Xu. Zhang Xiu was ready to promise, but Jia Xu rejected Yuan Shao's special envoy in front of Zhang Xiu, accurately pointing out that Yuan Shao could not tolerate others. Surrender to Cao Cao had three advantages: Cao Cao was justified by the emperor; Cao Cao is weak and more willing to win over allies; Cao Cao is ambitious and will definitely forget the past. Zhang Xiu followed Jia Xu's advice and led the people to surrender to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was overjoyed to hear the news. He personally met Jia Xu, held his hand and said, "The person who made my reputation famous all over the world is you!" Cao Cao worshipped Jia Xu as Jin Wu, made its capital in Hou Ting, and moved to Jizhou for grazing. Because Jizhou was occupied by Yuan Shao at that time, Jia Xu stayed in the army.
[200] Cao Cao and Yuan Shao fought in Guandu. When Cao Jun's rations ran out, Cao Cao asked Jia Xu. Jia Xu said, "You are smarter and braver than Yuan Shao in four aspects. The reason why the stalemate for half a year can't win is to be considerate and seize the opportunity to win quickly. " Cao Cao called it good, and later seized the opportunity to attack the Wu Dynasty and defeated Yuan Shao in one fell swoop. After Hebei was pacified, Cao Cao led Jizhou animal husbandry, and Jia Xu was appointed as a doctor in Taizhong.
[208] Cao Cao occupied Jingzhou and wanted to take the opportunity to go down the river. Jia Xu dissuaded him, saying that he wanted to appease the people and hide his strength, but Cao Cao refused. As a result, he was defeated in Battle of Red Cliffs.
[2 1 1], Cao Cao hit Ma Chao in Weinan. Later, Ma Chaojun was unfavorable, put forward the requirement of dividing the field and sent his son as a hostage. Jia Xu believes that we can pretend to promise on the surface, paralyze each other, and actually prepare actively to wait for an opportunity to destroy the enemy. Cao Cao asked Jia Xu how to defeat the enemy, and Jia Xu said, "alienate them." Cao Cao used his tactics to write a book, alienating Ma Chao and Han Sui, and causing them civil strife. When the time was right, Cao Cao took the initiative to attack Guan, and returned with great victory.
[2 17], Cao Cao has not yet established a prince. Xelloss had sent someone to Jia Xu for advice. Jia Xu said, "I hope the general will cultivate himself, study hard, and work tirelessly day and night, which will not violate the virtue of being a son. That's enough. " Cao Pi listened to his advice and deliberately honed himself. Later, Cao Cao privately asked Jia Xu what he thought of the heir, but Jia Xu kept silent. When Cao Cao asked him why he didn't answer, Jia Xu said, "I was thinking about Yuan Shao and Liu Biao." Cao Cao laughed and made xelloss a prince. Jia Xu thought he was not an old minister of Cao Cao, but he was resourceful and afraid of Cao Cao's suspicion, so he adopted a self-protection strategy, kept himself indoors and kept away from people in private. His children didn't take power after they got married. At that time, all the people in the world spoke highly of the wise man.
[220] Cao Pi acceded to the throne, sealed Jia, entered Juexiang, and added 300 food farms, with a total of 800 households before and after. It is divided into two hundred food cities, with the youngest son named Hou and the eldest son named Xu a captain.
In [223], Cao Pi's first expedition to Wudong ended in failure. At the beginning, Cao Pi asked Yu Jiaxu, "I want to unify the world. Which should Wu and Shu conquer first? " Jia Xu suggested governing the country before using force, but xelloss didn't listen, in vain. In the same year, Jia Xu died at the age of 77, and his eldest son Jia Mu succeeded him.
This article focuses on history, click 5 176, and the number of comments is 47.
Jia can be called the first counselor of the Three Kingdoms. This is in two senses: first, the accuracy of his plan is fantastic, and his influence is enormous, so he deserves to be called the first counselor; Second, because he is a counselor in the most typical sense, unlike Zhuge Liang, who is in charge of the post of prime minister, he focuses on governing the country and keeping the country safe, and unlike Zhou Yuyu, who is good at leading troops. Jia Xu has no intention of becoming a warlord with self-respect and dominating one side. His identity has been behind the scenes. He keeps coming out of the general's background and making suggestions on the surface, but in fact he often receives the effect of making decisions for the general.
If we admit that Cao Cao is a lean man through the ages, then in the Three Kingdoms period, the person who really defeated Cao Cao strategically and made Cao Cao admire himself was Jia Xu.
Jia Xu gives the impression that he is like an aesthete who regards strategy itself as a kind of beauty and only pursues the display of strategic talent: as long as his strategy is useful, he doesn't care about the change of color. He has taken refuge in Duan Wei, Liu Biao and Zhang Xiu, but they are all despised by their own hearts. He advised Li Jue and Guo Si, but he never really wanted to help them. On the premise of clearly seeing that Zhang Xiu has no bright future, Jia Xu still resolutely committed himself to Zhang Xiu's account, just because Zhang Xiu can do whatever he wants and show his strategy.
When Chen Shou wrote The Three Kingdoms, he published two of Jia Xu's and Cao Cao's most famous Xun's (and Xun You's) side by side, which aroused the dissatisfaction of the annotator Pei Songzhi. Yun: You and Xu are both human beings, or steaming candles at night! Although the photos are uniform, the quality is different. Today, it is very different to call Xun and Jia's comments together. Mr Zhou Zexiong thinks that Jia Xu instigated and Guo Si rebelled against Chang 'an, which indirectly led to Li and Guo killing each other outside Chang 'an. With the rebellion of Li Jue and Guo Si, the Eastern Han Dynasty never caught his breath again, so Jia Xu was considered as one of the culprits of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Is Jia Xu really a sinner of the times? I think the understanding of the character should go back to his time and see the influence of his regional cultural background.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ethical codes could not maintain people's hearts, and people who shouted loyalty often pursued their goals under the banner of loyalty. At the same time of moral anomie, individuals have to face the turbulent times. In this troubled times, personal life is not guaranteed, warlords scuffle, foreign plunder, bandits run amok, and natural disasters continue. In such an era when the yellow sky changes color, all morality should give way to the need of survival. These contradictions are particularly acute in Wuwei, the birthplace of Jia Xu. In Wuwei, a secluded place in the west, the ethics of benevolence and righteousness are inherently weak. Struggle with nomadic people, mixed life experience and severe test of living environment, Jia Xu will not care about the morality that has become hypocritical. His strategy only pays attention to survival, taking the survival of himself and the people around him as the first meaning. Because there is no mental constraint, he is free to play his strategic talent. It is in this spiritual freedom that his strategy reached the extreme of contingency.
Jia Xu is not a sinner of history, but a pawn of history. He unconsciously destroyed an old dynasty system with the personality and talent endowed by the times. If the old dynasty system is not destroyed, new individuals and individual spirits cannot be born.
Jia Xu cannot be judged simply from a moral point of view. He's like a man from the Dance Academy in troubled times. He does not pursue power, but carefully protects himself; He has no real feelings for any forces and looks at the vicissitudes of life coldly; He regards it as a pleasure to show his talents and watch things develop according to his expectations. You can say that he is heartless, but at that time, too much sensibility was just a mask of hypocrisy, and Jia Xu had reason to choose to be a bystander and an aesthetic gamer.
It should be pointed out that Chen Shou, who is close to the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms, can feel and understand the immoral spirit of that era and look at the heroism and aestheticism of that era with approval. Later, Pei Songzhi in the Southern Dynasties felt the resurgence of moralism at that time because of the confrontation with the northern alien regime, and could not agree with Jia Xu's immoral behavior, and made his own moral explanation for Xun and others. It was because Jia Xu himself got rid of the moral bondage that he gained spiritual freedom and became the first counselor of the Three Kingdoms.