Its location is in a beautiful area.
Its land includes mountains, deep waters and plains.
It's hard to find such a beautiful place in a world metropolis.
Historically, Nanjing has benefited and suffered from its unique geographical location and extraordinary geomantic scenery. In the past, Nanjing suffered many military disasters, but it also rebuilt its prosperity from the ruins many times.
When China was occupied by foreigners and the Han nationality was about to suffer extinction, the Han nationality usually chose Nanjing to recuperate and aspire to the Northern Expedition and restore China.
Daming and the success of the second Northern Expedition in the Republic of China; In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xiao Liang and Liu Song were defeated in the Northern Expedition.
At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, ministers unanimously agreed to take Jiankang as the capital and restore the Central Plains. To their regret, Song Gaozong had no intention of the Northern Expedition, but was forced by public opinion to make Jinling its capital.
Even if the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom takes Nanjing as its capital, it is one of the mobilization bases and legitimacy to expel alien rule.
Therefore, Nanjing is regarded as the revival place of the Han nationality and has a special position and value in the history of China.
Therefore, after comparing the four ancient capitals of Chang 'an, Luoyang, Jinling and Yanjing, Mr. Zhu Dai said: "These four metropolitan cities are rich in literature, handsome in people, beautiful in mountains and rivers and magnificent in weather, which is closely related to the national crisis, especially Jinling."
There were ancient human activities in Nanjing from 6,543,800 years ago to 6,543,800 years ago, and apes lived in Nanjing more than 350,000 years ago. Nanjing ape-man fossils were unearthed in Tangshan Paleolithic Cultural Site, which is the earliest relic of human life found in Nanjing so far, dating back to 2065.438+00 years ago.
About 7000-8000 years ago, primitive Neolithic villages represented by Beiyinying culture appeared.
More than 200 Neolithic sites dating back more than 6,000 years have been discovered in Yinyangying, north of Gulou Gang, and Qimiao, Taowu Township, Jiangning District, and a large number of stone-bone pottery and daily utensils have been unearthed.
3000 years ago, during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Central Plains, dense primitive settlements appeared in the Qinhuai River basin, which was called the lake-cooked culture.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the earliest cities in Nanjing were formed on the basis of these settlements.
3 100 years ago, Nanjing was the fief of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
In the first year of Zhou Lingwang (57 1 BC), the State of Chu had established Tangyi in today's Liuhe District, which is the earliest place with historical records in Nanjing and the beginning of the construction of Nanjing City, with a history of 2585 years.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, built a smelting city and set up a handicraft workshop for smelting and casting bronzes in the present Tiangong area.
In the fourth year of Zhou Yuanwang, after the state of Yue destroyed Wu, Yuecheng was built on the long street outside the present Zhonghua Gate.
In 333 BC, Chu Weiwang Xiong Shang built Jinling City in Stone Town, hence the name of Jinling.
In 229 AD, Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of the Qing Dynasty, established the capital here and changed Moling to Jianye (changed to Jianye in 282).
Since then, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties have successively established their capitals here, so Nanjing is known as the "ancient capital of the Six Dynasties". Today, Nanjing Library retains the ruins of Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties.
During the Six Dynasties, Jiankang City was the largest city in the world at that time, with a population of one million. It is the first city in the world with a population of over one million. Its economy is developed and its culture is prosperous. Jiangnan has preserved the ancient culture of China.
During the Six Dynasties, Nanjing and Rome were called "the two centers of world classical civilization". The culture of the Southern Dynasties, represented by Jiankang, has far-reaching influence in human history, so Nanjing has distinctive features among the "four ancient capitals".
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Nanjing was deliberately belittled by the north, but its geographical advantages made the economy and culture of this area grow and develop continuously.
In the Tang Dynasty 130, the administrative system was reduced to Runzhou County, where great poets such as Li Bai, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu and Li Shangyin lived and toured.
After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, the Southern Tang Dynasty made Jinling its capital and expanded the city.
There are wars in China in the north, but since Yang Wu, there has been no major war in the territory for more than 70 years.
The markets on both sides of Qinhuai River are booming and merchants gather.
The prosperity of economy is accompanied by the development of culture, and poetry, calligraphy and painting are popular for a generation.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Jinling still maintained the city scale of the Southern Tang Dynasty and was famous as the economic center of the southeast region.
Wang Anshi, a famous politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, served as the magistrate of Jiangning for three times, and settled here until his death.
1 129, Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong changed jiangning house into Jiankang House, which was the capital of Jiangnan East Road.
In the eighth year of Shaoxing, Jiankang was designated as the capital.
Yue Fei, a famous soldier in the Southern Song Dynasty, once defeated Jin Bing in Niushou Mountain in the southern suburbs, and there are remnants of his old base area against Jin.
In the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Qing Ji Road. There are East and West Weaving and Dyeing Bureaus in the city, which organize mass production of silk products and have more than 6,000 professional craftsmen. Nanjing Yunjin also became an imperial product in the Yuan Dynasty and gradually became the textile center in the south of the Yangtze River.
1356, Qing Ji was captured by Zhu Yuanzhang and changed to Tianfu.
1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, with Yingtian as its capital, and Nanjing became the political and cultural center of China, which ushered in the second peak in history.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shi Jing had a total population of about 700,000, which was the largest and most populous city in China at that time and the largest city in the world. The Ming City Wall in Nanjing, which lasted for 27 years, is the largest city wall in the world.
There are nearly 10,000 students in imperial academy at the foot of Jilong Mountain, and there are also students from Japan, North Korea and other countries studying here.
1402, Judy launched the Jingnan campaign to seize the throne of Wen Jian. 19 years later, it moved its capital to Beiping, changed its capital to Nanjing, and set up six Nanjing departments and other institutions.
In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Nanjing, with a population of 6,543.8+200,000, was the largest capital city in the world at that time.
Since the late Ming Dynasty, Nanjing has been the political, economic and cultural center of the south and even the whole country.
1645, after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs and captured Nanjing, it abolished the status of the capital and changed Tianfu to jiangning house, becoming the capital of jiangnan province.
Nanjing became the residence of the Governor-General of the Two Rivers, and governed the military and political affairs of Jiangsu (including Shanghai), Anhui and Jiangxi provinces.
Nanjing is quite important in economy. The Qing court set up a large-scale Jiangning Weaving Institute in Nanjing to produce silk products for the royal family.
1842 After the defeat of the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty signed the first unequal treaty "treaty of nanking" in China's modern history on 1842 aboard the British warship "Kanghuali" on Xiaguan River, which opened the curtain of China's modern history.
1853, the Taiping Army conquered Nanjing, established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and renamed Tianjing with its capital 1 1 year.
1911February 29th, 17 Provincial Uprising elected Sun Yat-sen as interim president in Nanjing, and the Republic of China was founded.
19 12 On New Year's Day, the Republic of China was temporarily established in Nanjing, and Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as interim president.
1927 On March 24th, the National Revolutionary Army conquered Nanjing in the Northern Expedition.
/kloc-In April of 0/8, Nanjing National was established with Nanjing as its capital, and Nanjing Special City was established in the same year.
1930 was changed to the city (municipality directly under the central government) under the jurisdiction of this hospital.
The decade from 1927 to 1937 was called "golden decade". During this period, Nanjing carried out large-scale capital construction, which laid a good foundation for the development of modern cities.
By 1937, the urban population of Nanjing had increased to more than1000000, making it one of the six largest cities in China.
1949 On April 23rd, the people * * * captured Nanjing, which was one of the municipalities directly under the Central Government at the beginning of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).
1September, 952, it merged with the administrative regions of southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu to form Jiangsu Province. 165438+1October 15, Nanjing was changed to the provincial capital city.
1 953 65438+1October1,the people of Jiangsu Province were founded, and Nanjing was changed from a provincial city to the capital of Jiangsu Province.
1February, 1994, the central government made it clear that the administrative level of Nanjing was sub-provincial.
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Former names: Yecheng, Yuecheng, Shicheng, Baixia, Jiangning, Danyang, Jinling, Moling, Jianye, Yangzhou, Jianye, Jiankang, Qinhuai, Shengzhou, Jiangzhou, Shangyuan, Qing Ji, Yingtian, Shi Jing, Nanjing, Du Nan, Tianjin and the capital.
Nicknames: Dragon Pan Tiger House (Dragon Pan Tiger House), the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, the metropolis of the Ten Dynasties, the capital of fraternity, the enlightened city, the beautiful land in the south of the Yangtze River, and the stormy imperial city Zhongshan.
Jiandu Dynasty: Soochow, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty, Southern Qi Dynasty, Southern Liang Dynasty, Southern Chen Dynasty, Five Dynasties Yangwu (Western Capital), Five Dynasties Nantang Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty (Hangzhou Capital), Ming Dynasty, Southern Ming Dynasty, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and Republic of China.