Zhang Lu, a physician in the early Qing Dynasty, summarized many inoculation methods such as pox slurry, dried vaccine and pox coat in Yitong. The specific methods are as follows: use cotton to take acne slurry and stuff it into the nostrils of children, or grind acne scabs and blow them into the nasal cavity of children with silver tubes; Or take off the underwear of children with acne and give it to healthy children to infect them. In a word, smallpox can be prevented by making it produce the above antibodies. ?

Smallpox, also known as acne, is a highly contagious acute eruptive disease. As early as the Jin Dynasty, Ge Hong, a famous pharmacist, recorded it in "Elbow Emergency Prescription", pointing out that the disease began in the Jianwu period of Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 23-26). This is the earliest smallpox record in China and the world. This is the earliest smallpox epidemic record in the world. The book Smallpox also contains specific therapeutic drugs. ?

In the 9th century, smallpox was rampant in Europe. When the Germans invaded France, the soldiers were infected with smallpox, and the commander ordered cruel measures to kill all the patients. In order to prevent its infection, smallpox eventually prevailed, but in India, the superstitious method of "Goddess of Smallpox" naturally didn't help. ?

China, on the other hand, not only paid attention to the treatment of smallpox very early, but also actively took preventive measures. According to Zhu Chuntuo, a medical scientist in the Qing Dynasty, in the Judgment of Vaccinia, during the period of Song Zhenzong or Injong, there was a doctor in Emei Mountain, Sichuan who could vaccinate against vaccinia, and was known as an imperial doctor. Later, he was hired to Kaifeng Prefecture and successfully vaccinated Wang Su, the son of Prime Minister Wang Dan.

Later, Wang Su lived to be 67. This legend may be incorrect, but it cannot be ruled out that there was the possibility of budding human pox vaccination in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, with the deepening understanding of infectious diseases and rich experience in treating acne rash, human pox vaccination was officially invented. ?

As can be seen from the above, China invented vaccination in the second half of16th century at the latest, and it began to be popularized on a large scale in17th century. In A.D. 1682, Emperor Kangxi ordered vaccination everywhere. It can be seen that vaccination had been implemented nationwide at that time. ?

The invention of human pox inoculation method quickly attracted foreign attention. This is the first country to send overseas students to China to study human pox. Vaccination spread to Turkey and northern Europe after Russia. 17 17 Margaret montague, the British ambassador to Turkey, learned the method of vaccination in Constantinople. Three years later, she vaccinated her 6-year-old daughter with human pox in Britain. Subsequently, European countries and India also tried to vaccinate against human pox. At the beginning of the 18th century, Tunisia also implemented this law.

In A.D. 1744, Li Renshan, a native of Hangzhou, went to Nagasaki, Kyushu, Japan and taught Zhe Longyuan the vaccination method. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1752), the medical gold mirror was introduced to Japan, and the inoculation method was widely circulated in Japan. Later, this law spread to North Korea. /kloc-In the mid-8th century, the human pox vaccine invented by China has spread all over Europe and Asia.

Extended data

China inventor's vaccination is a great contribution to artificial specific immunity. /kloc-Voltaire, a French enlightenment thinker and philosopher in the 8th century, once wrote in "Philosophical Newsletter": "I have heard that China people have this habit for more than 100 years, and it is regarded as a great precedent and model of the smartest and most polite nation in the world". This shows that the human pox vaccine (specific artificial immunity) invented by China had a great influence in the world at that time.

It is generally believed that smallpox vaccination is the beginning of the whole immunology, so the history of smallpox is obviously indispensable. Too many medical historians rashly assert that "human beings have known this disease for countless centuries", but in fact, we can only identify a disease if we describe it clearly.

It is worth noting that as early as the Jin Dynasty in China, the great physician, alchemist and Taoist Ge Hong (about 340 AD) talked about smallpox in his book Elbow Urgent Prescription. Ge Hong's account was later elaborated around 500 AD.

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