Bamboo paintings from the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties were found in Dunhuang murals, which is the earliest bamboo painting found so far. In fact, as early as the Jin Dynasty, there were already "seven sages of bamboo forest" represented by Ruan Ji. These conversationalists, relying on bamboo forests, should also have many paintings about bamboo, but unfortunately they can't see them now. In the 1970s, while excavating the tomb of Prince Zhang Huai in the Tang Dynasty, archaeologists accidentally found several pens and bamboos in a mural of handmaids and bamboos, which caused an uproar at that time. Li Longji, painter Wang Wei, Tang Xuanzong and Wu Daozi all like to draw bamboo. It is said that in the Five Dynasties, Li Furen also created the Mohist bamboo method. It is said that she often sits in bed at night and sees the bamboo shadow shown on the window paper, which is copied by the window paper. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi developed the method of painting bamboo, giving up the double hook coloring method of previous painters, and painting branches and leaves with ink, with deep ink as the leaf surface and light ink as the leaf back. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many famous bamboo painters. As long as they are landscape or flower-and-bird painters, there are few who don't draw bamboo and begin to emphasize the overall momentum of bamboo. However, among many painters, Zheng Banqiao's bamboo painting is also a must. Here are a few famous bamboo painters:
Wen Tong (10 18- 1079), whose real name is Mr. Xiaoxiao, a Taoist in Jinjiang, is called Mr. Shi Shi. Zizhou Zitong (now Zitong, Sichuan) was born. The emperor blessed Jinshi and knew the ocean continent. Song Yuanfeng went out to know Huzhou in the first year, but he did not die first in the first month of the following year, but he was also called Wen Huzhou. Good at poetry, painting and calligraphy. At the age of sixty-two, he wrote The Story of Dan Yuan. Mr. Wang is good at painting ink bamboo, but it is not expensive at first. Knowing how to keep the sea and the mainland and build pavilions on the Moon Valley is a tourist place in the morning and evening, so it is becoming more and more difficult to work in Zhu Mo. Su Dongpo, a close friend, is also good at ink bamboo, and he tasted a poem saying: "Bamboo planting in Hanchuan is as cheap as Peng, and the axe can't forgive the dragon. The material is poor and too defensive, and Weibin has a thousand acres in his chest. " As the saying goes, Wen Hua Zhu is "thoughtful". However, Mr. Ran thinks, "I'm the one who didn't learn Taoism, and I'm not feeling well, so I didn't send him away, so I started and got sick." What can I do now? " However, its bamboo paintings are still dominated by literati, which is called "Huzhou School". In the Yuan Dynasty, painting ink bamboo became a fashion, such as Li Li, Zhao Mengfu and other famous artists, all of whom were descendants of Huzhou School and had a great influence on later generations. Mi Fei painted a bamboo cloud on paper: "With ink depth as the surface and light ink as the back, we can start from this." Ink bamboo is still a new painting art in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is still related to the fashionable and realistic times at that time. Therefore, there is no "intermediary" or "claw" leaf skimming, and there is no calligraphy Lian Bi between bamboo joints. The whole painting method is between "painting" and "writing", which is different from the bamboo painting of scholars in Yuan Dynasty and later.
Gao (1248— 13 10),No. Yanjing Road, Fangshan District, Beijing. He is good at painting ink bamboo and mountains and rivers, studied under Wen Tong and Mi Fei, and learned from Dong Yuan, Ju Ran and Li Cheng. There is only one tall bamboo painting handed down from ancient times. The pen is gentle and calm, and it is clear. Bamboo echoes the stone at the foot, which can be described as "bamboo and stone have feelings."
Zhao Mengfu (1254- 1322) was born in Xing Wu, Zhejiang (now Huzhou). The grandson of Song Taizu, after Zhao, the king of Qin. In the aspect of flower-and-bird painting, he combines two figures, Xu Xiye and Huang Fugui, and takes writing as his work, not coincidentally, but in simplicity and elegance.
Zhao Mengfu's wife Guan Daosheng was born in Wuxing, Zhejiang. He is good at painting plum, orchid and bamboo. Handed down ink is scarce. Guan Daosheng's bamboo paintings were quite famous in the Yuan Dynasty. Its characteristics are: there is no change in ink, bamboo leaves have no hierarchy, and it is completed in one stroke. The pen is mainly centered and occasionally on both sides. The top bamboo leaves are "swallow-shaped", which are picked out by Tibetan front brushwork and are extremely vivid.
Ber Ber (1245— 1320), whose real name was born in Beijing. Good at painting dead wood and bamboo stones, especially good at double-hook colored bamboo and ink bamboo. Li Jue once traveled all over the mountains and rivers in the southeast, making the emissary cross his toes (now Vietnam) and go deep into the bamboo countryside to observe the growth state of various bamboos. The theme of bamboo painting is mostly pruning bamboo, trees and stones, mixed with orchids and weeds, which together construct the elegant and lively artistic conception of this painting.
Ni Zan (1301-1374), a native of Changzhou, was born in the south of the Yangtze River and lived a very rich life. At the end of the yuan dynasty, he sold his family property and wandered the rivers and lakes. I have been studious all my life, and I have worked hard at poetry, calligraphy and painting. His ink-and-wash landscapes, living in the East Garden, learning the scenery and observing, and his works are mostly based on the scenery around Taihu Lake, with simple artistic conception. His painting style had a great influence on literati landscape painting in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and he was ranked as the "Four Masters of Yuan Dynasty" alongside Wang Meng, Huang and Zhenwu. The style of books is simple and unpretentious, and there are many kinds, such as "Poems in Simple Rooms" and "Poems Written by Oneself", which are spread all over the world. His paintings stand upright, tall and thin, with a trickle, broad brushwork and full of tolerance.
Zhenwu (1280 ——1354), whose real name is Meihua Daochang, Dao Mei Daochang and Meihua Zushi, etc. Jiaxing, a poor family, lived in seclusion, was withdrawn, dissatisfied with the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, and never charmed the world with paintings. In addition to landscape painting, Zhenwu is also good at touching bamboo stones. Like to use bald pen and heavy ink, the momentum is heroic.
Ke (1290— 1343), whose real name is Dan Qiusheng, alias Wuyunge Li, is from Taizhou. He is famous for painting bamboo, and he is also good at making ink flowers. Mo Zhu is a literate teacher, but he can create new ideas. He often writes bamboo and stone in calligraphy, combining calligraphy and painting and using it freely.
Wang Bi (1362- 14 16), whose real name is Meng Duan, is a friend and was born in Jiulong Mountain, also known as a native of Jiulong Mountain. Wuxi people. Hong was recommended to the Hanlin Academy for his talent in calligraphy and painting. Wang Meng, a landscape architect, painted the distant mountains of the Yangtze River and the rugged rocks, all of which are exquisite. In Yongle, Mozi bamboo was famous all over the world, ranking first at that time. Have money to buy its ruler. Yi is also knowledgeable and good at writing poems. Someone commented on his bamboo paintings like this: "Your strength can be charming and can be seen everywhere." Between the square inches of the picture, you can see the beauty and beauty, and the wonderful scenery is deep. His works have been handed down to this day, such as "Mountain Pavilion Cultural Society Map", "Feng Map" and "Bamboo Stone Map". He is the author of Friends Stone Mountain Residence. The bamboo in his works is unique and simple, with flying posture, which is very suitable for literati painting. Although Wang Bao's bamboo paintings inherited the legacy of previous literati's paintings of Wen Tong and Zhenwu, their pen and ink charm was more literati, which was called "the first hand in the country" at that time. This painting is a new style after the Yuan Dynasty.
Xia Chang (1388— 1470), whose real name is Zhao Zhong, was born in Kunshan, Jiangsu. Known as the best bamboo painter in the history of painting in China so far, he pays attention to statutes and has a rigorous structure. He started and closed his pen in regular script, and almost never painted bamboo again. He has a masterpiece that shows the bamboo forest between the river slope and the stone beach. The brushwork is vigorous and the composition is dense, and the whole picture is very elegant and noble.
Zheng Xie (1693- 1765), a native of Banqiao, Jiangsu Province, was the champion of Kangxi in the imperial examination. He was a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong. Officials in Fan County and Wei County of Shandong Province have a political voice, "Please ask for help for the twenty-year-old hungry people, give care to the big officials, and then beg for illness." Before and after he became an official, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by painting and calligraphy. He is good at drawing orchids, bamboos, stones, pines and chrysanthemums. But he painted orchids for more than 50 years and achieved the most outstanding results. His paintings are based on Xu Wei, Shi Tao and Badashan people, but he has his own style, slim figure and vigorous style. Meticulous calligraphy, which mixes China's eight points with cursive script, calls itself "six books and a half", and calligraphy is integrated into painting with a pen. He advocated inheriting the tradition of "learning seven things from ten points and discarding three things", "not sticking to ancient methods" and attaching importance to artistic originality and diversification of styles. The so-called "painting before painting, without setting a grid, without leaving a grid after painting" still has reference significance today. Poetry is sincere and interesting and deeply loved by the people. It can also cure India, "near the smell of cranes." There are complete works of Zheng Banqiao, printed copies of Mr. Banqiao, etc.
For painting bamboo, Zheng Banqiao once wrote down his own experience: "The pavilion in the middle of the river is clear in autumn, bamboo is seen in the morning, and smoke and light are exposed, all floating among the sparse branches and dense leaves. All I can think about is paintings. In fact, the bamboo in the chest is not the bamboo in the eye. Therefore, grinding ink to spread paper, putting pen to paper is disguised, and the bamboo in the hand is not the bamboo in the chest. In short, it means to write first, and the rules are also; This machine is also available if you are interested in staying out of the law. Draw clouds alone! " Therefore, we can get inspiration from all kinds of natural scenery of bamboo, stimulate emotions, transform it into bamboo in the chest through bamboo in the eye, and brush it into bamboo in the hand, that is, bamboo in the painting. Zheng Banqiao's works have been widely circulated for many times. Since the Qing Dynasty, they have been highly praised by experts all over the world and become "treasures that people scramble to collect".