amount
According to Yuan Shi, there are 175 land station, 2 1 water station and 2 cattle station in the belly. There are 106 land stations and 90 water stations in Henan province. Liaoyang Provincial Land Station 105. There are 134 horse station, 35 sedan station,1/step station and 82 water station in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. There are 85 horse stations and 69 water stations in Jiangxi Province. There are 100 land stations and 73 water stations in Hunan province. There are 80 land stations and 1 water station in Shaanxi province. There are 48 land stations and 84 water stations in Sichuan Province. There are 74 horse stations and 4 water stations in Yunnan Province. There are 6 horse stations in Gansu Province. The total number of sites in China is about 1400. Plus Lingbei, Tubo and other places, it should be above 1500.
system
The imperial edict of any official, if it is a general official business, will be issued by the ministries and agencies, called "passing the imperial edict" and passed on; If you have secret orders or are in a hurry to deliver documents, you should wear gold or silver signs. Some government materials also rely on post stations and are transported by cars and cattle. The organ in charge of the national post offices and post offices was originally the commander-in-chief of each post office. It was established in the year of Yuan Dynasty and was under the Ministry of War. In the 13th year of Zhiyuan, it was reorganized into an independent General Political Institute, which was divided into the Second Hospital of Dadu and Shangdu, and later set up Jiangnan Branch. The hospital set up a hospital to be the leader. From Wuzong to his senior year (13 1 1), in March (Renzong has acceded to the throne), Tong Zhengyuan was lazy in rectification, and the station was exhausted, so he was stopped and led by the Ministry of War. Around the establishment of the General Political Institute, Mongolia was led to stand in the red, while the Ministry of War was led to stand in the Han Dynasty. In April of the seventh year of Renzong Yanzhe (when Yingzong had ascended the throne), he also ordered "Menghan Post Station to return to the General Political Office according to the old system of ancestors." Except for a short period of time, the post stations in the belly and the south of the Yangtze River are all in charge of people, and state and county officials are not allowed to predict. Along the way, Tuotuo Sunhe was arranged to be examined and questioned. Some land and water stations have posts such as leader, deputy envoy, secretary and hundreds of households. The airport pick-up is appointed by the government, and the following ambassadors are selected at the station, and they are at least three years old. Between most of them and the merchants, because "cars are transported every year, and Wang Guan goes back and forth, giving posts frequently, which is different from other counties", there is a post order and post service above the collar. Every ten households in the station form an armor, and the first armor is called a chuck. The number of residents in each station is "more than 3,000 and less than 6,700". According to Chen Gaohua's estimation, the total number of station households in China is at least 300,000, which is more than that of military households. "One horse has ten stones, less than ten stones or eight or nine households, more than twenty or thirty stones or two or three households." . However, it is not superfluous to ask only for tax food, but it is exempt from all its miscellaneous taxes. If there is a grain under one hundred stones and above seventy stones, please stand alone and listen. "Shaanxi's vertical road is different. One hectare of land is one point, one ding is one point, and fourteen is one horse. Later, due to the heavy burden of the station owner, only women were allowed to serve as officials, but the regulations on preferential treatment, exemption, employment, purchase and various miscellaneous officials were also cancelled.
Station resident
Generally speaking, the station households in the north are poorer than those in the south. Zheng pointed out: "The residents in the North Station are very poor. Make a living all the year round, just to do the right thing. The households in the south station are extremely rich, and their families have a hundred stones. Only four stone heads are used as water stations, and the rest enjoy the success by getting rid of poverty and getting rich. In particular, there are 12 stations between the capital and the capital. "Many departments send people to work in Nanlu, which is 30 years apart and has frequent supply. "The emperors patrol here every year, and kings, bureaucrats and envoys frequently come and go, so the service is also the heaviest. In addition, the burden of station services is far heavier than other areas, such as the south of Beijing, Hexi Corridor and some major traffic routes in the south. Such as Liangxiang Station, rated as 123 horses and 24 donkeys. In the 11th year of Chengzong Dade (1307), during the four months from September to December, more than 13,300 horses were ridden. Even if all the horses were on the road day and night, they could not cope. This will inevitably lead to additional signs and lead to the death of livestock after service. In addition, every time officials come to cities, they are arrogant and arrogant, and they are divided into two or three cases, and they still eat as they like. Or taste it, so that prostitutes can indulge in wine and do everything. " If you are dissatisfied, you will be humiliated and hanged. Many years later, Tibetan lamas have been in the Taoist temple on the post road in Shaanxi. Even they can't tolerate it, so they can only leave the museum in the people's homes, so they force men to rape women and the people are in trouble. Under the threat of heavy service, the station owners either went bankrupt or fled, or devoted themselves to the temple. In the seven-year exploration of Gansu Dade: "When the station was built 60 years ago, 300 families were listed separately and passed down from generation to generation, and it could not be changed. Their situation is also different, and the burden varies from place to place. Generally speaking, most of the station households in the north are rich families. They usually have three or five households * * * as a horse, thirteen households for a car, and all public goods. Some people who can't feed horses are given financial and material subsidies, which are called "sticking to households" and "sticking to horses". The above-mentioned "things are common", also known as sagas'2 (the original meaning of Mongolian is soup), and should only be provided, including providing food for envoys: "The post station is changed to horses as envoys, and they are making envoys offer porridge to quench their thirst; Take porridge from people. In the hut, I am sending a liter of white rice, a kilogram of flour, a liter of wine and ten injections of miscellaneous oil and salt. " In addition, there are firewood, rain gear and other miscellaneous items. In August of the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264), the imperial court stipulated: "Station households are rich or poor, and each household is limited to four hectares of production except laying horse-free stone; Received mu of ground, including tax. , "and avoid it and hire it and buy it, all miscellaneous officials. In the south, the problem of station owners is to test their fields, "with 48 capsules." That is, those serving today will stop at 176. In addition to the actual 46 outdoor escape accidents, the hidden accounts for 126 households. 25 families resume service at any time, leaving 10 1 family. " With the bankruptcy and exile of station households, the station system collapsed more and more.
Gidip
edit
Express shops are set up to deliver documents from all directions. Gold: In the sixth year of Zhang Zong Taihe (1206), an express delivery shop was initially set up to deliver waist bells. It traveled 300 miles every day and was not allowed to get up until the military period. Kublai Khan followed suit, taking in poor households who could not serve as police officers and serving as soldiers other than their police officers; Insufficient, make up the difference in the lack of households. Go to court everywhere and set up a delivery shop with five people in each shop. Tie a belt around your waist, hang a bell, take a gun, carry a raincoat and sprint with documents. Pedestrians and horses along the way, as soon as they hear the bell, immediately avoid the roadside. The paver at the next stop heard the bell and got ready at once. Once the official document arrives at the store, it will spread like a relay race. At the same time, indicate the date of arrival at the store and the name of the soldier on the special document for inspection. Express delivery documents stipulate that you have to walk 400 miles day and night every day. Its propagation speed is faster than that of Song and Jin Dynasties.