1,1On June 3, 839, Lin Zexu ordered all the opium collected to be destroyed in public in Humentan.

2. The harm of opium to China includes: ① opium seriously damages the physique of smokers;

The import of opium has brought serious disasters to the Chinese nation.

3. The destruction of opium in Humen is a great victory of China people's struggle against smoking, which shows the strong will of the Chinese nation against foreign aggression. Lin Zexu, who led this struggle, is a well-deserved national hero.

4. 1840 In June, the Opium War broke out, which was the beginning of China's modern history. After the Opium War, China gradually changed from a feudal society to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

5 1842, the British invaders forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-British treaty of nanking, which humiliated the country. The treaty stipulates that Hong Kong Island will be cut to Britain; Compensation of 2 1 10,000 yuan, opening Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xiamen, Ningbo and Fuzhou as trading ports, and the taxes paid by British businessmen on import and export goods shall be agreed with Britain in China.

1856, 10 June to 1860, 10 June, the second opium war was launched against China with the British and French allied forces as the main perpetrators and the United States and Russia as accomplices.

In 7 1858, the unequal treaty which stipulated that China territory south of the Outer Xing 'an Mountains and north of Heilongjiang was ceded to Russia was the Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty.

In August, 185 1 year, Hong Xiuquan, the leader of the peasant revolution, launched an uprising in Tian Quan Village, Guiping, Guangxi, and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The rebels are called "Taiping Army".

9. According to Zuo's suggestion, the Qing government established a province in Xinjiang in 1884.

10, 1895 In April, Li Hongzhang and Japanese Prime Minister Ito Bowen signed the Sino-Japanese treaty of shimonoseki, stipulating that the Qing government would cut Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands to Japan; Compensation for Japanese military spending of 200 million taels of silver; Allow Japanese to set up factories in China and open more trading ports. Treaty of shimonoseki greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China.

1 1, 190 1 year, the Qing government was forced to sign a treaty of humiliation and humiliation with Britain, the United States, Russia, Japan, France, Germany, Italy and Austria. Its main contents include: the Qing government compensated 450 million taels of silver, which was guaranteed by customs and other taxes; The Qing government promised to prohibit people from participating in anti-imperialist activities; The Qing government demolished Dagu Fort and allowed imperialist countries to send troops to important places along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan. People's Lane in the eastern suburb of Beijing is designated as the boundary of the embassy, allowing countries to station troops for protection and not allowing China people to live.

The Xin Chou Treaty added a new heavy burden to the people of China and seriously damaged the sovereignty of China.

Second unit

1, in the later period of the Westernization Movement, while continuing to develop military industry, the Westernization School also started some civilian industries under the banner of "seeking wealth", mainly including the Shipping Bureau founded by Li Hongzhang in Shanghai, the Hanyang Iron Works founded by Zhang Zhidong, and the layout of weaving in Hubei.

Shi Jing Wentong Museum was founded on 2 1862, which is the first new school founded by Westernization School.

In the spring of 3 1895, the news of the signing of treaty of shimonoseki reached Beijing. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, who are taking part in the imperial examination in Beijing, invited juren from all provinces to take part in the imperial examination and jointly wrote to Emperor Guangxu, opposing peace talks with Japan and demanding strong political reform, which was called "writing on the bus" in history.

4. 1898 From June to September, Emperor Guangxu issued a series of decrees according to the intention of the reformists. The main contents include: reforming government institutions, abolishing redundant officials, appointing reformists, encouraging private enterprises to set up industrial and mining enterprises, opening new schools to train talents, translating western books, spreading new ideas, establishing newspapers and periodicals, opening speeches, and training new troops. This period of history is called the Reform Movement of 1898.

1894 In May, Sun Yat-sen and some anti-Qing personages organized the revolutionary group Zhong Xing Society in Honolulu.

On June 6th, 19 1 1, 10, 10, the revolutionaries launched an uprising in Wuchang, Hubei Province, which was called "Wuchang Uprising" in history.

7. The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the feudal monarchy in China for more than 2,000 years, and made the concept of democratic republic deeply rooted in people's hearts.

19 15 In August, Chen Duxiu founded New Youth Magazine.

9. 19 17, the victory of the Russian October Revolution made China's advanced intellectuals see the "dawn of the new century". 19 18, Li Dazhao published two papers, The Victory of the Common People and The Victory of Bolshevism, in New Youth magazine.

Third unit

The May 4th Patriotic Movement was a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement and the beginning of China's new-democratic revolution.

2 19 19 On May 4th, more than 3,000 people from Peking University gathered in front of Tiananmen Square to give a speech, and then held a demonstration. They demanded that "sovereignty is outside, national thieves are inside" and "Article 21" should be abolished. They opposed signing a "peace treaty" with Germany, "fighting to the death and returning Qingdao to me", and also took in the traitor Cao Rulin.

3, 192 1 July, the first national congress of China was held in secret. 1922, the second national congress was held in China.

On 4 1924, the Kuomintang of China held its first national congress in Guangzhou. The Congress adopted the platform of the Kuomintang, agreed that members of the Kuomintang would join the Kuomintang in their personal capacity, and accepted China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal thoughts through a declaration.

5, 1926, Guangdong National Government decided to explore the north, overthrow the rule of Beiyang warlords and unify the whole country. The main objects of the Northern Expedition were Wu, Sun and Zhang.

6. 1 August, 9271day, under the leadership of China, Zhou Enlai, He Long, Zhu De and others led the revolutionary army to hold an armed uprising in Nanchang and occupied Nanchang. In September of the same year, Mao Zedong led the revolutionary army of workers and peasants on the Hunan-Jiangxi border to hold an autumn harvest uprising.