Appreciation of the ninth grade historical mind map of Beijing Normal University Edition
Beijing normal university printing plate ninth grade first volume history review outline
Declare war on strangers
I. Renaissance Movement
1, time: 14? 17th century (lasting nearly 300 years).
2. Outbreak location: Italy expanded to all countries in Western Europe.
3. Core concept: humanism (people-oriented, liberating people and humanity from religious bondage)
4. Essence: It is the ideological liberation movement of the bourgeoisie knocking on the door of modern society. This is a new bourgeois anti-feudal ideological emancipation movement.
5. On behalf of:
(1) Dante (Italy), the pioneer of Renaissance, Divine Comedy (Dante was the last poet in the Middle Ages and Engels was the first poet in the new period).
2 gundam? Finch (Italy), a versatile cultural giant, The Last Supper and Mona Lisa (Da? Finch is)
(3) Shakespeare's Othello, King Lear, Hamlet and Macbeth are called "Four Tragedies".
Lesson 2 The Explorer's Dream
1, time: 15? 17th century
2. Process:
Navigator subsidizes the country's great achievements.
Columbus and Spain discovered the new continent of America.
Diaz and Portugal discovered the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.
Da? Gama Portugal has opened a new route to India.
Magellan's first voyage around the world in Spain proved that the earth is round. He named the Pacific Ocean.
3. Impact:
(1) positive: the opening of the new air route has tempered the spirit of Europeans to take risks and struggle bravely; Break the situation of mutual isolation, push the world from decentralization to integration, and promote the formation of the world market.
(2) Negative: The opening of new air routes has brought colonial plunder, colonial expansion and aggression to countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Latin America that have lasted for hundreds of years.
Lesson 3 Revolutions to Deprive Crown and Keep Crown
1, time: 1640? 1688 (nearly half a century)
2. Root: The feudal autocratic rule seriously hindered the development of British capitalism.
3. Nature: bourgeois revolution
4.* * *: upstarts and the bourgeoisie represented by Cromwell.
Results: The autocratic monarchy was overthrown, the Bill of Rights was promulgated and the constitutional monarchy was established.
6. Impact:
(1) domestic influence: overthrew the feudal monarchy, established a constitutional monarchy, embarked on the road of rapid development of capitalism and took the lead in starting the industrial revolution.
(2) International influence: it promoted the development of bourgeois revolution in Europe.
7. Bill of Rights: 1689, which aims to restrict the power of the king; British Parliament; Content: The king's power in political, economic, religious and other affairs is strictly restricted, which determines the basic principle that Congress has the highest power and clearly stipulates the rights of citizens.
Knowledge points in the first volume of ninth grade history
Declare war on strangers Renaissance (P2)
1, background:?
(1) The autocratic rule of the Pope and the Catholic Church has imprisoned people's thoughts and hindered social progress and
Development of science
(2)14-17 century artists, scientists and thinkers, who explored and inherited the cultural traditions of ancient Greece and Rome, pursued individual liberation and freedom of thought, and showed the human nature of continuous pursuit of progress.
(3) Popularization of papermaking and printing.
2. Time: 14? 17th century (lasting nearly 300 years)
3. Outbreak location: Italy expanded to all countries in Western Europe.
4. Core concept: Humanism (people-oriented, liberating people and humanity from religious bondage)
5. Essence: It is the ideological liberation movement of the bourgeoisie knocking on the door of modern society. This is a new bourgeois anti-feudal ideological emancipation movement.
6. On behalf of:
(1) Dante's Divine Comedy (Dante is the last poet in the Middle Ages, the first poet in the new era, and the pioneer of the Renaissance) (Divine Comedy is considered to be the symbol of Europe's transition from the Middle Ages to the modern society).
2 gundam? Finch's The Last Supper and Mona Lisa (Da? Finch is a versatile cultural giant.
The Last Supper: According to the story in the Bible, it is called the treasure house of European art. ..
Mona Lisa got rid of the shackles of religious themes and embodied the beauty of human nature.
Shakespeare was the most famous English writer in the Renaissance, and his works represented the highest achievement of literature at that time, and were called "four tragedies" together with Othello, King Lear, Hamlet and Macbeth.
7. Importance:
(1) Break the shackles of feudal rule and church theology on people's thoughts since the Middle Ages, and liberate people and humanity from religious shackles.
Renaissance laid the ideological and cultural foundation for the emergence of European capitalism.
8. The fundamental reason why the Renaissance first arose in Italy: the seeds of capitalism first appeared in Italy. (economic basis)
Lesson 2 Explorers' Dreams and the Opening of New Routes (P8)
1, time: 15? 17th century
2. Process:
3. The root cause: the development of commodity economy has aroused the crazy pursuit of gold in Europe.
4. Conditions:
(1) The progress of shipbuilding and navigation technology in Europe and the understanding of the earth; (subjective conditions)
② The spread of compass, navigation knowledge and geography knowledge in China and Arabia in Europe (objective conditions).
5. Impact:
Actively (1) opening up new routes has tempered the spirit of Europeans who dare to take risks and struggle.
(2) Break the isolation situation and promote the world from decentralization to integration and the formation of the world market.
③ It promoted the primitive accumulation of capital and extended the tentacles of European capitalism to all parts of the world.
The opening of a new passive air route has opened up colonial plunder, expansion and aggression that lasted for hundreds of years. Causing colonial disasters in Asian, African and Latin American countries and regions.
6. Contrast ▲ What's the difference between Columbus and Zheng He's voyages to the West in China?
Time: Zheng He's voyage to the Western Ocean in the Ming Dynasty was half a century earlier than that of Europe.
Influence: Zheng He's voyage to the West was a friendly exchange with other countries; The opening of the new air route objectively strengthened the ties around the world, but it was followed by bloody colonial expansion.
7. The influence of the four great inventions on the world:
Papermaking and printing promoted the emergence and development of the Renaissance.
The compass promoted the opening of new routes.
Gunpowder, used in war
8. The Renaissance was when people were discovered, and the opening of new air routes was when the world was discovered.
9. The purpose of opening up new air routes is to find wealth such as gold.
Lesson 3 The Revolution of Depriving the Crown and the Revolution of Preserving the Crown The British Bourgeois Revolution (P 14)
1, time: 1640? 1688 (nearly half a century)
2. Root: The feudal autocratic rule seriously hindered the development of British capitalism.
3. Nature: bourgeois revolution
4.* * *: upstarts and the bourgeoisie represented by Cromwell.
Results: The autocratic monarchy was overthrown, the Bill of Rights was promulgated and the constitutional monarchy was established.
6. Process: 1640 (symbol of the beginning) the convening of the new parliament and 1688 (symbol of the end) the "glorious revolution" 7. Influence:
Domestic influence: ① overthrew the feudal monarchy, established a constitutional monarchy and embarked on the road of rapid development of capitalism; ② took the lead in starting the industrial revolution.
International influence: promoted the development of bourgeois revolution in Europe.
8. Bill of Rights
① Time: 1689 ② Purpose: To limit the power of the king.
③ Content: The king's power in political, economic, religious and other affairs is strictly restricted, which determines the basic principle that the Congress has the highest power and clearly defines the rights of citizens.
④ Significance: It provided theoretical and legal guarantee for limiting the kingship, and marked the establishment of British constitutional monarchy. It is an understanding of the inevitability of the capitalist system defeating the feudal system.
Lesson 4 Fighting for National Independence American War of Independence (P20)
1, the root cause of the outbreak: British colonial rule hindered the development of capitalism in North America.
2. Time: 1775 1783
3. Nature: It is both a national liberation war and a bourgeois revolution.
4. After the war:
① Departure sign: 1775, gunfire from Lexington.
(2) Army-building: Organizing the Continental Army, with Washington as Commander-in-Chief;
③ Independence:1On July 4th, 776, Thomas delivered it at the Second Continental Congress. The Declaration of Independence drafted by Jefferson declared that the North American 13 colony was separated from British colonial rule. (July 4th is American Independence Day)
④ Turning point: 1777, Saratoga.
⑤ End: 1783, the Paris Peace Treaty was signed, and Britain recognized American independence, marking the end of the War of Independence.
5. Historical significance:
Domestically, ending British colonial rule and realizing national independence are conducive to the development of American capitalism.
International: It promoted the outbreak of bourgeois revolution in France and strongly promoted the national liberation movement in Latin America.
6. 1789, Washington was elected as the first president of the United States and was re-elected for two terms;
7. Evaluate Washington: the father of the country, a great politician and strategist, a national hero of the United States, and a pioneer of democratic politics.
8. The core concepts embodied in the Declaration of Independence are freedom, equality and natural human rights.
The Declaration of Independence was called "the first human rights declaration in human history" by Marx.
Lesson 5 The French Revolution Fighting for "Democracy" and "Republic" (P26)
1, the root cause: feudal autocratic rule seriously hindered the development of capitalism.
2. Nature: complete bourgeois revolution.
3. After that:
(1) 1789 14 July, the people of Paris captured the Bastille, (marking the beginning of the revolution) (14 July, France's National Day), the big bourgeoisie seized power, and the Constituent Assembly promulgated the Declaration of Human Rights (the "human rights" was clearly put forward for the first time)
(2)1On July 27th, 794, the "hot moon coup" overthrew jacobins's rule and marked the end of the Great Revolution.
4. Impact:
① It was the largest and most thorough anti-feudal revolution in the era of bourgeois revolution;
(2) The French feudal autocracy was completely destroyed, the foundation of the whole European feudal system was shaken, and the idea of democratic republic was widely spread.
Comparison of bourgeois revolution in Britain, America and France
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