Battle of feishui
The corrupt politics at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty triggered great social unrest, and the history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the south, Si Marui, the evil king of Jinlang, proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in 3 17 A.D. and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty, occupying most areas south of Hanshui River and Huaihe River. In the north, there are many disputes between ethnic minority regimes. The pre-Qin Dynasty established by Di Ren destroyed, Dai and other separatist countries, and unified the Yellow River basin. Later in 373 AD, the Eastern Jin captured Liang (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and Yi (now Chengdu, Sichuan), and its influence extended to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. Fu Jian, the former emperor of Qin Dynasty, was full of ambition and wanted to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was partial to the south of the Yangtze River, and unify the north and the south with the trend of "autumn leaves being swept away by the strong wind".
In August 383, Fu Jian led 600,000 infantry, 270,000 cavalry, more than 30,000 guards and 900,000 troops from Chang 'an to the south. At the same time, Fu Jian ordered Zitong prefect Pei Yuanlve to lead 70,000 navy men down the river from Bashu to Jiankang. Nearly a million marches "travel thousands of miles back and forth, moving in opposite directions." East and West Wan Li, land and water go hand in hand. Fu Jian proudly declared, "With my million-strong army, even throwing a whip into the Yangtze River is enough to cut it off. "
The Eastern Jin Dynasty faced a critical moment of life and death under the pressure of a strong enemy, and the hawks headed by Prime Minister Xie An were determined to stand up and resist. On the recommendation of Xie An, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty appointed Xie Shi, Xie An's younger brother, as the conquering viceroy, and Xie Xuan, Xie An's nephew, as the pioneer, led 80,000 "Beifu soldiers" with strong fighting capacity to meet Qin Jun's main force along the west of Huaihe River, and Hu Bin was sent to lead the water army to reinforce Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). Also named Hengchong as Jiangzhou Secretariat, he led the 654.38+ Wanjin Army to control the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and prevented the Qin and Bashu armies from going down the river.
In 65438+ 10/8, Fu Jian's brother, Fu Rong, led Qin Jun's vanguard troops to capture Shouyang, and captured Xu Yuanxi, commander-in-chief of the 8 Jin Army. At the same time, Qin Jun Mu Rongchui captured Yuncheng (now Yunxian County, Hubei Province). On the way, Hu Bin, who was ordered to lead the water army to rescue Shouyang, learned that Shouyang had been breached by Fu Rong, so he retreated to Shi Xia (now southwest of Fengtai, Anhui) and waited to meet the armies of Xie Shi and Xie Xuan. Fu Rong led an army to attack Shi Xia. Fu Rong led Liang Cheng to attack Luo Jian (east of Huainan, Anhui Province) with fifty thousand troops, blocking the Huaihe River traffic and Hu Bin's retreat. Hu Bin was trapped in Shi Xia, and the food and grass were exhausted, making it difficult to support. He wrote a letter for emergency use, but the money for delivering the letter was caught by Chi, and the letter fell into Fu Rong's hands. Fu Rong immediately reported to Fu Jian that 8 Jin J serenade was short of food and grass, and suggested that he arise quickly to prevent 8 Jin J from escaping. Fu Jian was rewarded and left the army in Xiangcheng, leading 8,000 cavalry to Shouyang.
As soon as Fu Jian arrived in Shouyang, he immediately sent Zhu Xu, the former commander-in-chief of Xiangyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to 8 Jin Army Camp to surrender. When Zhu Xu arrived at Jinying, he did not surrender, but provided Qin Jun with information. He said, "Although Qin Jun has a population of one million, it is still marching. If we concentrate our forces, the Jin army will be hard to resist. Things are different now. We should take advantage of Qin Jun's incomplete arrival to launch an attack quickly. As long as we can defeat its vanguard troops and demoralize them, we can break the Qin million-strong army. " At first, Xie Shi thought that Qin Jun was very strong and planned to stick to it until the enemy was tired and then waited for an opportunity to counterattack. Zhu Xu's words made him feel very reasonable, so he changed his operational policy and decided to turn from defense to attack and take the initiative to attack.
165438+ 10 in June, Xie Xuan sent Liu Laozhi, a valiant general, to attack Luo Jian with 5,000 soldiers, which started the battle of Feishui. Qin Cheng led 50,000 troops to line up against the enemy by the river. Liu Laozhi divided his troops and detoured into the Qin Jun array to cut off his retreat; Led the troops to storm waterinfo and attack Qin array. Qin Jun panicked, barely resisted for a while, and then collapsed. The commander Liang Cheng and his brother Liang Yun died in battle, and the officers and men rushed to the Huaihe River to save their lives, killing more than 1.5 million people. Luo Jian's victory greatly boosted the morale of 8 jin j.. Xie Shi went hand in hand with land, arrived at the east bank of Feishui (now Nanhe Feihe River in Shouxian County, Anhui Province), camped on the side of Bagong Mountain, and faced Qin Jun in Shouyang across the river. Fu Jian stood on the Shouyang rostrum, and saw at a glance that the Jin army on the other side was well-groomed, and a good soldier would be strong. Even the vegetation on Bagong Mountain looks like people, mistaking it for A Jin soldiers. He was frightened and said to Fu Rong, "This is a powerful enemy! How can you say that they are weak enemies? "
Due to the pressure on the west bank of Feishui, 8 Jin Army could not cross the river, so they had to confront each other across the river. Xie Xuan sent messengers to meet Fu Rong, and he dared him to say, "The general led his troops into Jin, but he crushed the river bank. Is this a decisive battle? If you step back a little and make room for our army to cross the water, how about a showdown between the two sides! " Qin Jun's generals are opposed, but Fu Jian thinks we can play along and let the troops retreat a little. When Jin Jun crosses the river halfway, we will kill him with cavalry, so that we can win. Fu Rong also agreed to Fu Jian's plan, so he agreed to Xie Xuan's request and instructed Qin Jun to retreat. However, the morale of Qin Jun soldiers was low, and as a result, they lost control as soon as they retreated, and the battle was in chaos. Xie Xuan led more than 8,000 cavalry to Qin Jun, and Zhu Xu shouted after the battle of Qin Jun: "Qin Jun was defeated! Qin Bing was defeated! " Chixin believed it, turned and ran away. Seeing that the general trend was not good, Fu Rong rode to stop it in order to stabilize his position. Unexpectedly, the horse was washed down by the mutinous soldiers and killed by the pursuers of 8 Jin Army. The loss of main qi became more and more chaotic and completely collapsed. The rout of the striker caused panic in the follow-up troops, and it also ran away in a chain reaction. As a result, the whole army fled and retreated northward. Qin Jun routed troops didn't dare to stay along the way. He listened with trepidation and thought it was the pursuit of the Jin army. 8 jin j 56-point thrashing, arrived at Cyclobalanopsis near Shouyang. Qin soldiers and horses marched step by step, covering mountains and irrigating rivers. Fu Jian himself was wounded by an arrow and fled back to Lao Yang alone.
The Jin army recovered Shouyang, and Xie Xuan sent a flying horse to Jiankang to report good news. Xie An is playing chess with the guests at home. After reading the good news from Xie Shi, he put aside the good news with a straight face and played chess as usual. Knowing that it was the battle report coming from the front, the guest couldn't help asking Xie An, "How is the battle?" Xie An said slowly, "The child finally defeated the Qin people." Hearing this, the guest was so happy that he didn't want to play chess again. He wanted to tell others the good news quickly and then left. Xie An sent the guests away and returned to the inner city. His excitement could no longer be contained. When he crossed the threshold, he tripped and broke the clogs' teeth.
At the battle of water, more than 700,000 * * were completely annihilated, scattered in former Qin Jun, and only the 30,000 troops of Xianbei Mu Rongchui Department were still intact. Fu Jian's hope of reunifying the north and the south was completely dashed. Not only that, the temporary unification of the north has also collapsed, and it has once again split into more local ethnic regimes. Mu Rongchui of Xianbei nationality and Yao Chang of Qiang nationality rose again and established new countries respectively. Fu Jian himself was captured and killed by Yao Chang two years later, and the former Qin Dynasty perished. Although the winner of this war, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, failed to restore the sovereignty of China, it effectively curbed the intrusion of northern minorities on the South, creating conditions for the social and economic recovery and development in the south of the Yangtze River. The battle of Feishui has also become a famous example of how to win more with less, which has been recorded in military history and has had a long-term impact on the war view and decisive battle thought of later strategists.
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Battle of Jingxing
In 206 BC, after the demise of the Qin Empire, the history of China entered a new stage. At that time, Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, and Liu Bang, Hanwang, respectively formed two new groups, and the two sides launched a famous Chu-Han war in history for the world. In this nearly five-year war, Han Xin, a general of the Han Dynasty, showed outstanding wisdom and military strategy of "uniting millions of soldiers, winning the war and attacking it". His record is a spectacle in military history, and the battle of Jingxing is the essence of his war example.
In October of the third year of Emperor Gaozu (204 BC), Han Xin led more than 10,000 newly recruited Han troops across Taihang Mountain and eastward to attack Zhao, a vassal state of Xiang Yu. Zhao Wangxie and Zhao Jun, commander in chief, concentrated 200,000 troops in Jingxingkou (now Jingxingdong, Hebei Province) in Taihang Mountain area, occupying favorable terrain and preparing for a decisive battle with Han Xin. Jingxingkou is one of the eight passes of Taihang Mountain. There is a narrow post road about a hundred miles long in the west, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack, which is not conducive to the action of large troops. At that time, Zhao Jun held fast to the entrance of the city in advance, commanding, waiting for an opportunity, taking the initiative and having a strong force. On the other hand, Han Xin has only more than 10,000 people under his command, and he is a newly recruited pawn, marching thousands of miles, and his troops are exhausted, so he is in an unfavorable and passive position.
Li Zuoche, the counselor of the Zhao army, suggested that instead of fighting head-on, it is better to use some troops to go around the enemy's rear and cut off the route for providing food for the Han army, so that Han Xin "can't fight before, but can't retreat after, and ... the wilderness will be plundered". Finally, he attacked from front to back and captured Han Xin alive in World War I. However, Chen Yu is a typical soldier who advocates frontal attack. He insisted on the dogma of "just men don't have to cheat, do their best", and thought that Korea was tired because of the small number of people and had to fight. He rejected Li Zuoche's suggestion and strictly followed the formula in Sun Tzu's Art of War, that is, "ten times the encirclement and twice the battle".
Han Xin foresight, know the disparity between the two sides. If we take a storm, we will be frustrated, so we decided to stay away from Jingxingkou and study the terrain and Zhao's deployment repeatedly. When Han Xin found that Li Zuoche's plan had not been adopted, and Zhao's coach Chen Yu had the feeling of underestimating his enemy and wanted to make a quick decision, he immediately led his troops into the camp 30 miles away from Jingxingkou. In the middle of the night, Han Xin chose two thousand Qingqi, each holding a red flag of the Han army, and made a dark detour from the mountain path to the flank and rear of Zhao's camp. When the camp was empty, he went into Zhao's camp, unplugged Zhao Junqi, and planted the Han flag. Later, Han Xin ordered the troops to eat. He said to the generals, "Eat less and have a full meal after Zhao Bao tomorrow morning." Distribution schools are skeptical about this and can only do as required. Han Xin immediately ordered the drums to beat, spread out the flag battle, and headed for Jingxingkou. He said: "Zhao's army has occupied the favorable terrain in front of me and built a base for it. I can't see the general's flag battle, lest they suspect that I am still in the rear army and refuse to launch an attack. "
When the Han army approached the mouth of Jingxing, Han Xin did not even whistle, and immediately ordered all the main forces to go out to the backwater array by the river. Zhao at the camp saw the back of the Han army from a distance, and no way back laughed at Han Xin's ignorance of the art of war. In a short time, it was already dawn, and the Han army camp raised a faint dust. Encouraged by the drums, a team of flag battles spread out, and Han Xin rode to the front with the crowd. Chen Yu saw that there were few Koreans and occupied favorable terrain. Then rate hussars swarmed out, trying to capture Han Xin alive. Han Xinling abandoned the flag and rushed into battle. Seeing this, Chen Yu immediately ordered the whole battalion to attack, which coincided with the Han array. The Han army has beaten no way back because of the river, and everyone is fighting bravely for the first place. The two sides fought hard for more than half a day, but Zhao Jun still failed to win. At this time, Zhao Daying was empty, and Han Xin's two thousand Qingqi rushed in. The red flag of the Han army was filled with Zhao Daying. In the fierce battle, Zhao suddenly found that the Manchu flag was inserted in the camp behind him, and the formation was suddenly chaotic. Han Xin took advantage of the situation to fight back, slaying 200,000 Zhao troops, slaying Chen Yu, commander-in-chief of Zhao troops, and taking Zhao Wangxie alive.
After the war, the officers and men of the Han army hosted a banquet to congratulate each other. They asked Han Xin one after another, "The general told us to stand behind the water, which is against the art of war. Why can you win? " Han Xin smiled and said, "Isn't that what Sun Tzu said in the Art of War? Kill it and live, kill it and live. If I give you a chance to live, can the foot soldiers fight to the death? " People realized the secret of winning at last, and greatly admired Han Xin.
In the Battle of Jingxing, Han Xin defeated Zhao's 200,000-strong army with more than 10,000 inferior troops. Indiana Jones joined forces with last stand and used troops flexibly, thus eliminating Zhao, who was enfeoffed by Xiang Yu, and writing a wonderful chapter in China's military history. Wang Ya, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, vividly described the battle of Jingxing in Joining the Army. Praise Han Xin's superb strategy and command art;
Ge Jia has been in the army for a long time, so it is difficult to know the situation.
Today, I worship Han Xin and intend to make peace with him.