1, the view of civilization history: regard the development of human history as the development of different civilizations, and pay attention to the interconnection between different civilizations.
2. Global view of history: It is not to examine the historical development of a single region or country in isolation, but to regard the historical development of mankind as a whole and pay attention to the interrelationship of human activities between different regions.
3. Modern historical view (or modern historical view): regard the development of human history as a process of modernization. The so-called modernization means the transition from traditional society to modern society, which will cause all-round changes in social productive forces, economic system (marketization and industrialization), political system (democratization and legalization), ideological culture (scientificization and rationalization) and even people's social life, values and psychological attitudes.
4. Social historical view: The investigation of human historical activities is no longer based on major historical activities and historical celebrities, but mainly based on the daily life and social customs of ordinary people.
5. Historical materialism: based on Marxist historical materialism. It mainly highlights that economic activities are the main activities of human historical development, and emphasizes that the contradiction between productivity and production relations is the fundamental contradiction of human society (social evolution theory, contact and contradiction theory, mass creation theory, historical situation).