People's Education Press, Grade 8, Volume 2, Political Knowledge Point Unit 1 1, China's National Character (p4)
China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
2. At present, the population in China includes (p4)
Workers, peasants, intellectuals and other socialist laborers, builders of the socialist cause, support the society.
Patriots who support socialism and the reunification of the motherland.
Please note that China citizens who do not belong to the people of China are:
Criminals deprived of political rights
② Foreigners with China nationality.
(3) people who split the country.
Hostile forces and hostile elements who are hostile to and undermine the socialist system.
People are the masters of the country and society. (p4)
(Performance of master status: equal right to enjoy state and social affairs)
4. What is civil rights? What are the basic rights of citizens? (p5)
Civil rights refer to certain rights recognized and granted to citizens by the Constitution and laws.
Because the civil rights stipulated in the constitution are the most important and basic rights of citizens, they are called the foundation of citizens.
Right?
5. What are the similarities and differences between people and citizens? Who are our citizens? (Page 6)
People are political concepts, and there are different classes in different countries and different historical periods in the same country.
content
Citizen is a legal concept, which refers to having the nationality of a country and enjoying rights and rights according to its constitution and laws.
A person who undertakes obligations.
China citizen: You must have China nationality to be regarded as a citizen of China. (Some people in China don't.
China nationality, so it can't be considered as a citizen of China)
6. How are the rights of China citizens guaranteed (p7)?
China has established a rights protection system with the Constitution as the core and legislative and judicial protection as the main contents.
Safeguard the rights of citizens.
Legislative protection: it is to confirm the rights of citizens in the form of law and use the state's coercive power to protect them.
.
Judicial guarantee: it refers to punishing all kinds of infringement by law and protecting citizens' rights.
7. What are the basic rights of China citizens? (p9)
The basic rights of citizens involve politics, economy, culture and other fields, covering family life, school life,
Social life and many other aspects, including: ① equal rights ② political rights and freedom ③ freedom of religious belief ④.
Pet-name ruby personal freedom
Constitution is the confirmation and guarantee of citizens' basic rights.
8. Should citizens exercise their rights correctly in this way? (p 10 - 1 1)
Citizens should respect the rights of others when exercising their rights.
Citizens shall not harm the interests of the state, society and the collective when exercising their rights.
We should exercise our rights within the scope permitted by law.
We should exercise our rights in a legal way.
9. How to exercise the right to freedom of speech (P 1 1 page)
First of all, citizens should not use freedom of speech to insult or slander others.
Second, citizens are not allowed to use freedom of speech to instigate and incite others to commit criminal acts that endanger national security and undermine national unity.
Acts that undermine social morality and disrupt social order.
10, citizens' obligations are divided into legal obligations and moral obligations. What is a legal obligation? Constitutional provisions
What are the basic obligations of China citizens? (p 16)
The citizen's obligation stipulated in our constitution is a legal obligation and a basic obligation of our citizens. Legal obligation refers to
Obligations that citizens must fulfill as stipulated by the Constitution and laws. (The specific content is recorded in the textbook, with 6 articles in total)
1 1, what is moral obligation, what is the function of moral obligation, and the basic moral norms that China citizens must abide by.
What are there? (p 17)
It means that members of society consciously and voluntarily assume moral responsibilities to others and society in accordance with social ethics. love
Law-abiding, polite and honest, United and friendly, diligent and self-reliant, dedicated and dedicated.
12. Why do citizens have to fulfill their obligations while enjoying their rights? (P 14？ Page 15)
We can't get it without paying, and we can't just enjoy the rights without fulfilling the obligations. (2) for legal obligations,
We must fulfill it, because it is stipulated by the Constitution and laws. In our country, citizens have one right and obligation.
Make love. Each of us is the subject of enjoying rights and fulfilling obligations.
13. What is the relationship between China law and socialist morality? (p 19.d 1)
China's law and socialist morality cooperate with each other, promote each other and complement each other. Anything prohibited by law
For all acts condemned by socialist morality; There are many legal obligations, and it is also the socialist road.
German request.
14, how to faithfully perform obligations?
We actively do what the law encourages us to do.
We must do it according to the requirements of the law.
We are determined not to do what is forbidden by law.
People's Education Edition, Volume II, Political Knowledge Points Unit 2 1, What is personality right? (page 25)
Personality right is the right to be a man.
2. What are the contents of personality right? What are their characteristics? (page 25)
(1) material personality right (right to life and health)
(2) the right of spiritual personality (freedom, name, portrait, reputation and privacy)
3. What is the primary personality right? (p25d.2)
Among the citizens' personality rights, the right to life and health occupies the primary position.
4. Characteristics of personality right (P24,25)
Personality right is the premise for people to connect themselves with society and have various contacts and exchanges with others.
(2) The right of personality is accompanied by life, and it has been with us since birth.
(3) for everyone to enjoy alone, shall not be transferred, abandoned, inherited, and shall not be illegally restricted by others, nor is it
Can be separated from our personal life.
5. What does the right to personal freedom include? (page 26)
Answer: ① Within the scope permitted by law, the person and will of citizens are completely at their own disposal.
(2) citizens' bodies shall not be searched illegally.
(3) Citizens' bodies are not illegally restricted.
(4) Citizens' bodies shall not be illegally detained.
6. What are the special protections for minors in China's laws? (p26.d2)
A: ① Chinese laws prohibit maltreatment and abandonment of minors, and prohibit infant drowning and abandonment.
It is forbidden for employers to illegally recruit minors under the age of 16.
(3) It is forbidden to arrange underage workers (workers who have reached the age of 16 but have not reached the age of 18) to engage in underground operations.
Harmful labor-intensive labor.
7. What laws in China protect citizens' right to life and health? (page 27)
A: Constitution, Criminal Law, General Principles of Civil Law and Public Security Administration Punishment Law.
8. What laws specifically protect minors?
Law on the Protection of Minors and Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
9. What are the ways for citizens to exercise their right to health? (page 28)
A: ① We have the right to cherish life, maintain health, actively exercise, improve health and make ourselves strong.
Healthy body and upward spirit.
(2) Have the right to receive timely treatment when sick, restore health and enhance physical fitness.
(3) When one's life and health are illegally infringed upon by others, one has the right to defend oneself in accordance with the law and request legal protection.
10. What does the right to personal dignity include? (page 35)
Reputation, portrait, name, privacy, life and health, freedom, etc.
1 1, meaning and expression of reputation right (P38)
The right of reputation is the right that people enjoy according to law to evaluate their objective society and exclude others' infringement.
Mainly manifested as: the right to control reputation interests and the right to maintain reputation.
12. What are the acts that infringe on the right of reputation? (Pages 38 and 39)
(1) Insult: refers to the act of degrading the personality and damaging the reputation of others by language, writing or violence, which can be divided into oral.
Head insults, verbal insults and violent insults.
(2) Defamation: refers to the act of fabricating and spreading false facts out of nothing and maliciously slandering others, which is divided into oral acts.
Slander and slander.
③ The news report is untrue.
4 false accusation.
13. What is the right to portrait? (40 pages)
Portrait is the reappearance of human image centered on appearance.
14. What are the representations of portraits? (40 pages)
Painting (selfie), sculpture, paper cutting, photography, video recording, etc.
15. What is the status of portraits? (40 pages)
Portrait is also the basic symbol of everyone's personality.
16. What does the right to portrait include? (p4 1)
Portrait rights include: the right to make portraits, the right to use them and the right to get paid.
17. What are the violations of portrait rights? (p4 1.d2)
(1) Anyone who uses a citizen portrait (advertisement, magazine cover, calendar) for profit must obtain the portrait.
Give me your consent, otherwise it will constitute infringement.
(2) maliciously destroying, defacing or uglifying the portrait of a citizen.
(3) Personal attacks with portraits, etc.
18. What is the right to name? (page 43)
The right to name refers to the right of citizens to decide, use and change their names according to law, and to exclude the infringement of others.
Adults aged 18 have the right to decide their own names; Have the right to decide and use their own names.
, pen name, stage name; Have the right to change your name according to the regulations. However, the name right of minors and mental patients is determined by
His guardian exercises this right on his behalf.
19. What are the contents of a person's name? What is the status of names? (page 43)
Names include official names, former names, pen names and stage names.
Name is the basic symbol of everyone's personality.
20. What are the manifestations of infringement of the right to name? (44 pages)
2 1, the meaning of privacy (P46)
Privacy refers to private secrets that citizens do not want to be known or made public, and has nothing to do with public interests.
Secret. It includes three aspects: private information, personal affairs and private space (P46).
22. Importance (necessity) of privacy protection (pages 46 and 47)
(1). It is the need of people's independence and freedom. It is the need of people's own peace and security. It is a people-oriented construction.
This is the need of modern society that advocates humanity and individuality.
23, the meaning of privacy (P48)
The right to privacy refers to the right that citizens enjoy in private life and privacy of private information according to law.
People's right to privacy.
24. Privacy Content (p48-50)
(1) Right to privacy (2) Right to privacy of personal information (3) Right to privacy of private communication.
25. How should we respect the privacy of others? (p5 1-52)
(1) Establish privacy awareness
Understand that everyone is an independent individual, everyone has their own privacy, and we cannot interfere in other people's private affairs.
Do not pry into or spread other people's secrets, and correct the bad habit of not respecting others' privacy.
Strengthen the sense of responsibility and credibility
(2) Need to strengthen the sense of responsibility and credibility, and keep secrets for relatives and friends.
Performance of invasion of privacy
26. What are the violations of privacy? (p53)
Monitor and spy on other people's private lives, and do everything possible to spy on other people's secrets by reading diaries and private letters.
Spreading other people's privacy through hearsay and illegally using other people's personal information are all violations of privacy.
Behavior.
27, the method of protecting their privacy (p55)
(1) Protect the right to privacy according to law.
When the right to privacy is violated, we should bravely take up legal weapons and personally negotiate with the infringer. please
Seek judicial protection, etc. And ask the infringer to stop the infringement and apologize; If it causes more mental pain,
Pain, also have the right to ask for mental compensation.
(2) Enhance self-protection awareness and lock your privacy.
Ways of legal protection P55 The infringer stops the infringement, apologizes, eliminates the influence and demands mental compensation.
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