Now I'll revise it and try to write it to you to see if it can reach 1000 words.
The development of China's ancient poetry can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period before Qin Dynasty. In fact, the Xia and Shang Dynasties before that were not blank, but the poems at that time were not handed down. At that time, the so-called poetry actually refers to what folk people do. It was not until the Zhou Dynasty that I began to pay attention to poetry, so I sent people to collect and sort it out. Next, I will introduce this epoch-making work in the history of China's poetry.
The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. From the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, from1/kloc-0 to 600 years ago, 305 poems of about 500 years were collected.
The Book of Songs was called "Poetry" in the pre-Qin period, or the number of poems was called "Poetry 300". It was originally just a collection of poems. However, since the Han Dynasty, Confucian scholars have regarded the Book of Songs as a classic and honored it as the Book of Songs, ranking first among the Five Classics.
The poems in The Book of Songs originally had music lyrics. According to the nature of primitive music, they are divided into three categories: wind, elegance and ode.
"Wind" is the local wind, wind ballads, that is, folk songs around the country. "Wind" contains 15 national folk songs, namely "The Wind of Fifteen Countries", with *** 160 articles. It accounts for more than half of the Book of Songs. Compared with elegance and fu, wind is lively and full of life. For example, the opening novel Guan Ju is about young people's first love. Dream is about the sadness of a woman being abandoned by her husband. The subtle psychology of writing love in Jing Nv.
"Ya" is a formal and elegant music and an orthodox court music song. "Ya" can be divided into "Ya" and "Ya". "Elegance" is the ceremony of grand banquet; "Xiaoya" is a general banquet ceremony.
Ode is a kind of music song for sacrifice, which is used to worship ancestors, pray and praise the gods in the imperial ancestral temple. There are 40 existing songs.
The Book of Songs is the source of China's poetry and the glorious starting point of China's poetry history. It has many forms: epic, satirical poem, narrative poem, love song, war song, carol, holiday song and labor ballad.
It is rich in content and reflects all aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty, such as labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage. Known as the encyclopedia of life in ancient society.
This is a form of poetry development. It can be regarded as the development of folk poetry, and so are literati. There are poems in this field in The Book of Songs, but the main achievement is folk poetry, which truthfully reflects all aspects of people's lives in an era. This is the beginning of realism. The other is romanticism, Qu Yuan, a name that China people are familiar with.
It is also necessary to introduce Chu Ci.
Chuci, also known as "Chuci", is a poetic style created by Qu Yuan, a great poet in the Warring States Period. The works use the literary style and dialect rhyme of Chu area (now around the two lakes) to describe the mountains, rivers and historical customs of Chu area, which has strong local characteristics. In the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled Qu Yuan's works and Song Yu's works "Cheng Qu Fu" into a collection called Songs of the South. It became a collection of poems that had a far-reaching influence on China literature after The Book of Songs. As a poetic style, Chu Ci has rich imagination. Witchcraft is prevalent in Chu, and witches are often used to play gods and perform some myths and legends to entertain them. All these have cultivated the rich imagination of Chu people, and achieved works with rich imagination, gorgeous language and style such as Li Sao and Nine Songs. Chu ci "all write Chu language, Chu sound, Chu land, named Chu objects [1]", which has a strong local color. The sentences in Chuci are irregular and varied, and the auXiliary words "xi" and "you" are commonly used. Moreover, the structure is generally grand and the length is generally long. This is China's first romantic poetry collection.
Because of the influence of these two books, poetry began to develop. First, the Han Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty were too short, and the Qin Dynasty was tyrannical and stifled culture, which basically didn't develop. In the Han Dynasty, poetry opened a new era. Yuefu poetry began to appear, which is essentially the same as the Book of Songs. Personally, it is the inheritance and development of the spirit of The Book of Songs. Poetry in the Han Dynasty developed on the basis of The Book of Songs, Songs of the South and the folk songs of Qin and Han Dynasties, and generally experienced the development process from folk songs to literati's creation, from Yuefu songs to literati's poems, that is, "ancient poems", from four-character poems to five-character poems, from Sao poems to seven-character poems, and from narrative poems to lyric poems. . In particular, the appearance of Han Yuefu made the connotation of The Book of Songs carry forward. Another great contribution of the Han Dynasty is to summarize the poems of predecessors. The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are what we can see today because of the pride and proper arrangement of the Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru's Han Fu, I think, is a new inheritance of Chu Ci, although he is not a poem. Later, the seven sons of Jian 'an in the Three Kingdoms and the third son of Cao Cao, especially Cao Cao, wrote very good poems. It is the flag of that era.
Then, because of the political turmoil and social unrest in the Western Jin Dynasty, a number of poets appeared, such as Xie An, Bao Zhao, Xie Lingyun and other poets in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The poems of these people reflect the character of a generation, and reflect the new form, new content and new direction of poetry.
Of course, there is another one that must be taken out separately, that is, Tao Yuanming, who is the third form of poetry and created the pastoral school. Also make some introductions.
Tao Yuanming's creation has its unique artistic style. Yan Yu's Poems on Canglang said: "The comments of Yuan and Ming Dynasties are natural in quality". Many ancient poetics talked about this point, which is the "plain" and "natural" that people summarized the artistic style of Tao poetry. However, "insipid" is not mediocre and tasteless. When we read Tao's poems, most of them contain infinite elegance in plainness and profound feelings in conciseness. As Su Wan said, "His poems are rich in quality and truth, but rich in content." In Tao Yuanming's creation, there is no sign of his elegant style of writing since the Jin Dynasty. He strives to innovate and get rid of imitation, which is an important reason for his creative style. The "plain" and "natural" style of Tao poetry seems effortless, and "naturally flows out of the chest" actually contains a high degree of artistic ingenuity. As Tai said in Zhongshan Poetry: "Poetry is mainly about meaning, followed by words, or it has high meaning. Although the text is simple, it is naturally unique. " Tao's poetry embodies this vivid "natural" and "plain" pastoral poetry, which can be said to be self-contained, opening up a new path for China's traditional poetry. This is why Tao Yuanming's poetry creation has influenced a large number of poets in the history of China's poetry. Tao Yuanming deserves to be regarded as a great poet who pushed the creation of five-character poems to the peak in the history of China literature.
After that, the main achievement of poetry was in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which was also the highest achievement of China's poetry. There are too many poets to count. Everyone is a household name. Isn't that a famous name? This point should be emphasized.
The development of Tang poetry has roughly experienced four stages: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang.
(1) early Tang poetry. Poetry in the early Tang Dynasty was still in the afterglow of Sui Chen's period. The poems of Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong and the literati around him are gorgeous and soft. Shangguan Tiqi was wrong and charming. Only a few people, such as Wei Zhi, Wang Ji and Wang Fanzhi, can get rid of this custom. It was not until the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty that the content and form of poetry were developed. However, it still has not got rid of the influence of "adopting beauty and competing for differences" in the late Six Dynasties. It was Chen Ziang in Wuhou period who really expounded the influence of Chen Liang's poetic style. He advocated "Han Wei style", took retro as innovation, and resisted extravagant poetic style. Shen Quanqi, Song and four friends of the article (Li Qiao, Cui Rong, Su Weidao and Du Fu) have similarities with him in different genres. Most of their works are based on harmony and embellishment, but there are also some excellent works in their other poems. Especially Du Fu's poems. But their main contribution lies in the perfection of the law. Shen, Song and Du are called the founders of five-character poems and seven-character poems by later generations.
② Tang poetry. On the basis of "Shen" and "Song", the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty further combined the correct direction with the perfect form. From Kaiyuan of Xuanzong to Tianbao, poetry flourished in an all-round way, and a large number of famous artists appeared. Their works are exquisite and beautiful, vigorous and fresh, with fantastic images and harmonious rhythm, showing the artistic characteristics of the times. Frontier poems and pastoral poems occupy a large proportion in the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Frontier Poetry School is represented by Gao Shi, Cen Can, Li Jie and Wang Changling. Their works are full of atmosphere and tragic artistic conception, and they often use seven-character songs or seven-lines. Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Chu Guangxi and Chang Jian are the most famous pastoral poets. Their poems mostly reflect leisurely and secluded thoughts and feelings, with light colors and deep artistic conception, and they mostly use five-word laws and five-word old sayings. This school of poets took a big step forward in exploring natural beauty than the poets of the Six Dynasties. Among them, Wang Wei has the highest achievement. Li Bai and Du Fu are the symbols of the highest achievements of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai's masterpieces were mostly before the An Shi Rebellion. Rich in content and subject matter, magnificent in momentum, rich in imagination and elegant in style, it reflects the social life and the psychology of the times in the Tang Dynasty in many ways and at many levels. Du Fu's poetry is a history of poetry in troubled times, which faithfully records the turmoil of the country and the suffering of the people. Broad and profound, depressed and frustrated; The first sound of the new Yuefu movement. In terms of poetic language, meter and skills, he is good at learning from many teachers, extensively absorbing the experience of predecessors and contemporary authors, forming his own unique style, and opening up many roads for the development of later poetry. In addition, Yuan Jie, Shen Qianyun, Meng Yunqing and others are also quite distinctive poets in this period.
③ Poetry in the Middle Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of the middle Tang Dynasty, the country declined, and the poetry circle was also depressed. The works of Liu Changqing and Wang Wei, ten talented poets in Dali, are exquisite and elegant, but their contents are superficial. Lu Lun and Li Yi have some desolate frontier poems with bold artistic conception. The most outstanding figure in this issue is Wei, whose pastoral poems are elegant and free, while his Yuefu songs are satirized in aestheticism. In addition, Yung Wing, Gu Kuang and Dai Shulun also have excellent articles reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood. Yongzhen's innovation and Yuan and Zhongxing revived the poetry circle. Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Li Shen, Zhang Ji and Jincon advocated the New Yuefu Movement and created a large number of political allegorical poems that widely reflected the reality and criticized the current politics, with a leisurely style. Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Li He and Jia Dao are famous for their strange and steep sculptures. Han's poems are heroic, Meng's poems are profound, Li's poems are beautiful and Jia's poems are austere. In addition, Yao He's poems are strange and bitter, while Lutong, Liu Cha and others are good at strange rise. Apart from these two schools, Liu Zongyuan's poems are either elegant or sad. Liu Yuxi's poems are concise and implicit, with beautiful artistic conception and harmonious rhythm. The innovative spirit and personality style of poets in this period are outstanding.
④ Late Tang poetry. The poetic style of the late Tang and Five Dynasties became more and more delicate. Although there have been writers and works with great influence in the history of literature, they generally lack the broad spirit and muddy realm in the middle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Outstanding poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu made unique contributions to the art of poetry. His poems are full of emotion and profundity, but when he is hurt, he is worried about the country and the people, deeply sad and has a sense of decline. The writing is clear and elegant, but the style is low. He also has a good show, but the overall style is light and thin. Since then, most poets have imitated their predecessors and made no great breakthrough in art. The famous poets are Pi Rixiu, Lu Guimeng, Nie, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin, Han Wo and others.
The status, value and function of Tang poetry are incomparable to other dynasties. Inherited the realism and romanticism of predecessors, as well as Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems. The prosperity of Ci began in the late Tang Dynasty.
Ci began to flourish in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. Before the Song Dynasty, Li Yu's ci was of great value. The content is sad and sad, pinning the sigh of national subjugation. Up to now, people can still feel the great sadness. Next, Liu Yong was the most successful in the Northern Song Dynasty and the early Northern Song Dynasty. He is a typical smooth poet. When the rain bell rings, the recent flowers disappear. You will never regret saying that your clothes are getting wider and wider, which will make people haggard for Iraq and open a new era of prosperity. Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu are his contemporaries. Of course, Ouyang Xiu's performance is obviously better. There is also a super invincible figure, Su Shi. Because I feel that I can't close my pen, I dare not introduce anything more here. In fact, Su Shi, a native of China, needs no introduction at all. Anyway, poetry and prose, in his hands, have become a habit. The words of the world summed up his poems. In short, Dongpo's words are in God.
Then there was the Southern Song Dynasty, the poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, and only You An, that is, Xin Qiji. He inherited Dongpo's bold and unconstrained characteristics and carried them forward. Of course, there are poets such as Lu You, Fan Dacheng and Yang Wanli, and the Northern Song Dynasty was also a prosperous time.
Since then, China's poetry has not developed much, and it can't keep up with the pace of its predecessors, nor can it decline with the innovation of style. However, at one time, we saw hope again, that is, Nalan Xingde in Qing Dynasty seemed to sing a classic ending song for China's ancient poems. Then the vernacular appeared. In fact, there were some figures in the Republic of China, Wang Guowei, who talked about the history of poetry, especially the history of ci. But his suicide also declared the end of ancient poetry.
Finished, will it be too much? If you think it's too much, you can write a paragraph every issue. I forgot the number of words when I wrote it. I want to enjoy a few songs, but I'm afraid there are too many words. I wrote the origin, trend and trend in my article. The article describes the trend of poetry in different times, which is actually the trend of poetry. It's past 1, and I'm really sleepy. I really can't either. Sorry, landlord.