4P combination, i.e. product, price and location.
4C marketing theory, that is, consumers' wants and needs, costs, convenience and communication.
4R marketing mix, that is, establishing relationship with customers, improving market response, using relationship marketing, and rewards are the source of marketing.
4V refers to variation, multifunction, added value and resonance.
"4P" is the floorboard of four elements of production-centered marketing represented by product, price, place and promotion. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, enterprises used "4P" strategy in marketing, and later added "power and public relations" to the "4P" marketing concept, forming a 6P marketing strategy combination. In recent years, marketing scholars put forward a new marketing concept and theory from the customer's point of view, that is, "4C" combination theory, including customer (customer's needs and expectations), cost (customer's expenses), convenience (customer's purchase convenience) and communication (customer's communication with enterprises).