1, ancient
There have been written records of "insect", "disaster", "malaria" and "year of illness" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of ancient Yin Ruins in China. The word "furuncle" is found in Shangshu, Shan Hai Jing and Zuo Zhuan.
2. Han dynasty
In a.d. 2, there was a great epidemic in the Qing dynasty, and Emperor Han Ping declared that "those who suffer from diseases and epidemics should leave their families to practice medicine." . 」
3. Three Kingdoms Period
In the winter of the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17), an epidemic occurred in the north. Cao Pi, the then prince, said in a letter to Wu Zhi the following year: "Friends and relatives suffered many disasters, and Xu, Chen, Ying and Liu all died at one time." In addition to the premature deaths of Kong Rong and Ruan Yu, five of the seven children in Jian 'an died of infectious diseases. Cao Zhi's "Talking about Epidemic Qi" describes the tragic situation of the epidemic disease at that time, saying: "In the twenty-second year of Jian 'an, furuncle qi prevailed, and every family had the pain of zombies, and the house wailed. Either close the door and die, or lose your family. 」
4. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
In the first year of Guangxi, Jin Huidi (306): "There were frequent famines and epidemics in Ningzhou, and hundreds of thousands of people died. Five Qin Yi was strong, the state soldiers were defeated repeatedly, and many officials and people flowed into Jiaozhou. (Purple Tongzhi Sword)
In Yongjia period (307-3 12), wars were frequent, to the east of Yongzhou, "the people were hungry, sold to each other, and ran endlessly, countless." ","major diseases and epidemics, as well as hunger, ... there are corpses everywhere along the river, and the bones cover the field. " ("The Book of Jin". Records of food ")
In the first year of Yixi (405), Qiao Zongyi, an Yizhou ethnic group, claimed to be the King of Chengdu in Sichuan. In the second year (406), Emperor Wu of Song sent Liu with 5,000 men to attack Shu. Yixi four years (408) in September, Jingxuan's army arrived in Suining County, Huang Hu. After Qiao Zong requested to send troops, Yao Xing sent Yao Shang, the general of the day, to lead the troops to reinforce. In the battle, Liu's progress was blocked and the two sides were deadlocked for more than 60 days. Jingxuan's army ran out of food and grass. At this time, the condition is serious, "most of them have died", and Jingxuan ordered to withdraw from Sichuan. In health, soldiers don't save one over ten.
5. Sui Dynasty
In the 10th year of Emperor Kai (590), an epidemic occurred in the capital Chang 'an.
In the eighth year of Daye (6 12), floods occurred in Shandong and Henan, and soon there was an epidemic of diseases. The disaster in Shandong is particularly tragic.
6. Tang Dynasty
In the first year of Dade (763), there was a great epidemic in Jiangdong, "more than half of the dead". "Xin Chou is old (762), and there is a drought. The three Wu people are very hungry, and people eat each other. There will be a great epidemic next year, and the dead will be seventeen or eighteen, and the city will be empty, and the living will have no food, and the dead will have no coffins and no burial. Generally speaking, although his parents and wife vomited their meat, they abandoned their bones in the field. Because Lu accumulated bones and raised pillows and borrowed people for two thousand miles, they have not written since the Spring and Autumn Period. " ("Hanging Road")
7. Song Dynasty
In the eighth year of Li Qing in the Northern Song Dynasty (1048), a flood occurred in Hebei, and a plague occurred in March the following year.
In the first year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1208), a pandemic occurred in Jianghuai area. ("Song Shi Wu Xing")
During the reign of Emperor Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty for seven years (127 1), a great epidemic occurred in Yongjia, Zhejiang.
In June of the first year of Deyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1275), Changzhou and other cities were occupied by the Yuan Army, and the residents in the city fled everywhere. "People are suffering from epidemic diseases, and the death toll is incalculable."
In the second year of Deyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1276), the Yuan army surrounded Lin 'an Prefecture, and in the second year of Deyou, Lin 'an Prefecture suffered a great epidemic.
8. Liao, Jin and Mongolia
At the end of the Jin Dynasty, Zheng Da (1232) lost his life for nine years, and the Bianjing epidemic disease rose sharply. "There is no shortage of people who are not sick, and then the dead continue to follow." At that time, Bianjing had 12 gates, and as many as 2,000 bodies were sent from each gate every day.
9. Yuan Dynasty
In the spring of the first year (1308), Shaoxing, Qingyuan and Zhaozhou were devastated and more than 26,000 people died. In the winter of the second year of Qing Dynasty (13 13), a major epidemic occurred in Beijing. (Records of the Five Elements of the Yuan Dynasty) In the second year of Shun Dynasty (133 1), there was a drought in Hengzhou for years, and there was another epidemic disaster, "Nineteen deaths" ("Records of Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty").
1344, the Black Death broke out in the Huaihe River Basin of China, and merchants from Hebei spread to India, Syria, Mesopotamia and other places along the Silk Road. At the same time, when the Mongols went west, they threw the infected bodies into the city with a trebuchet, thus spreading the virus to all parts of Europe. It caused the European epidemic of 1347. The great writer Boccaccio's "decameron" is based on this plague and describes human nature under the catastrophe.
In the spring and summer of Zheng Zhi 19 (1359), an epidemic occurred in Yishui and Rizhao counties of Juzhou and Nanxiong Road, Guangdong Province.
10, Ming dynasty
In the eighth year of Wanli (1580), Datong suffered from plague, ten rooms and nine diseases, and the infected people died one after another. When several people in a family are infected with this plague, one or two people can't even close the door. " Volume 26 of Wanli's "Shanxi Tongforgetfulness" records that Lu 'an was "old and swollen, afraid to ask if he was ill, and afraid to die".
In the sixth year of Chongzhen, a plague appeared in Shanxi. Chongzhen in 78, Xingxian thieves killed people and injured them, and they were old. The plague in heaven will kill you every morning. Overnight, the people fled and the city was empty. "
Ten years after Chongzhen (1637), a plague epidemic broke out in Shanxi, which spread to Henan, killing 19 people and causing numerous extinctions. "Great plague in Yulin area, ... The dead in Mizhi town are sleeping, thirteen years, another great plague summer, fifteen years, ... a great plague, sixteen years, and a great plague in the county in July".