Su Dongpo also said: "Wang Peng tasted the cloud:' The children in the alley, ... sit and listen to the old saying, talk about the great events of the Three Kingdoms, and when they heard Liu Xuande's defeat, they frowned frequently and cried bitterly; When you hear that Cao Cao was defeated, you will sing with joy.
So knowing the virtue of a gentleman and the virtue of a villain will never be beheaded.
It can be seen that before Luo Guanzhong, there were books like Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Because things in the Three Kingdoms are not as chaotic as in the Five Dynasties; Not as simple as Chu Han; It is not simple or complicated, and it is suitable for writing novels.
Moreover, the heroes of the Three Kingdoms are very touching because of their wisdom and courage, so people like to use them as the underlying material of novels.
Furthermore, Pei Songzhi's comments on the history of the Three Kingdoms are detailed enough to arouse people's attention to the affairs of the Three Kingdoms.
It is difficult to draw a hasty conclusion whether The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a creation or an inheritance for Luo Guanzhong. However, there was a saying in Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty that the title was Biography of Hou Chen Shou in Pingyang, Jin Dynasty, edited by Luo Ming, which was directly compiled according to Chen Shou's The History of the Three Kingdoms.
But now the Romance of the Three Kingdoms has been changed by later generations, not its true colors.
If we discuss the pros and cons of his book, the critics think there are three shortcomings: (1) is easy to be misunderstood.
Because seven of the things described in the middle are true and three are false; It's just that its truth is more than its emptiness, so people may inevitably believe that emptiness is real.
For example, Wang Yuyang is a famous poet and scholar. He has a poem called "Hanging Pang Shiyuan on the Phoenix Slope" [1]. This "Phoenix Slope" is only found in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but Wang Yuyang was stunned by it.
(2) The description is too real.
People who write well have no harm at all;
And people who can't write well are not good at all.
In fact, this is not the case, because a person can't be good at everything and can't be bad at everything.
For example, Cao Cao also has his advantages in politics; And Liu Bei, Guan Yu, etc. It can't be said that there is no discussion, but the author doesn't care, just writes subjectively and often becomes an unreasonable person.
(3) Articles and ideas can't be consistent-that is, what the author shows can't be consistent with what the author imagines.
If he wants to write about Cao Cao's treacherous hero, the result seems to be magnanimous and wise; Trying to write about Kong Ming's wisdom turned out to be cunning.
-However, it has a good place, like writing a paragraph about Guan Yunchang beheading Hua Xiong, which is really vivid; If you write a paragraph about Cao Cao on Huarong Road, you will be full of courage.
Many later historical novels, such as the pioneering romance, the romance of the Han Dynasty, the romance of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the romance of the Tang Dynasty, the romance of the Song Dynasty, the romance of the Qing Dynasty and so on. , failed to keep up with the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
So everyone likes to watch it; It will still maintain its considerable value in the future.
Second, The Water Margin and The Water Margin are things like Xu Songjiang, and they didn't start in Luo Guanzhong. Because Song Jiang is a real person, it is also a fact that he is a thief. About him, it has become a social legend since the Southern Song Dynasty.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were Gao Ru and Song Li who wrote novels based on The Water Margin. Gong Sheng, a adherent of the Song Dynasty, wrote Thirty-six Songs of Sung River. There is also talk about "Song Jiang captured Fang La and sealed our time" in Xuanhe Legacy. It can be seen that this kind of story has already spread to the population, or there are various simplified books, which is unknown.
Later, Luo Guanzhong collected and selected various theories or short stories of the Water Margin, which became the majority of the Water Margin.
But the original Water Margin is gone now. There are two kinds of Water Margin:
One is seventy times; One is more than seventy times.
More than 70 times, Qiu Xu Hong took the evil path by mistake, and then 180 people gathered in the water margin one after another and ransacked their homes. Later, they were recruited, defeated Liao and Wang Qing, and captured Fang La alive, making great contributions.
Finally, the court suspected that Song Jiang died of poison and eventually became a god.
Among them, the idea of making peace was in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. At that time, because of the social unrest and the suppression of civilians by officers and men, those who love peace among the people put up with it, while those who don't love peace were separated as thieves.
On the one hand, thieves fight with officers and men, who are invincible. On the other hand, they plunder the people, and the people are naturally harassed by them. But when a foreigner came in and the officers and men couldn't resist, the common people wanted to use a thief who was more powerful than the officers and men to resist him because they hated the foreigner, so they praised the thief at that time.
As for Song Jiang's layered poison, it was added in the early Ming Dynasty. After Ming Taizu unified the world, there were very few people who doubted heroes, and they went on the rampage, killing people and dying a natural death. The people expressed sympathy for the killed hero, so they added Song Jiang to take poison to become a god.
This is an old example of factual defects, and the novel reunited him.
Many people think that Water Margin was written by Shi Naian.
Because there are two kinds of Water Margin over 70 times: the traditional version and the simplified version, and the author of one kind of traditional version is Shi Naian.
However, I'm afraid this Shi Naian was later used as an excuse by countless scholars, but he was actually born after Luo Guanzhong.
Later generations saw the complicated topic "Nai An Zuo" and thought that the abbreviated version was an abridged version, so they regarded Nai An as their elder and walked ahead of Guan Zhong.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Jin Shengtan said that the Water Margin was so good that it was "wooed", and then it was very bad;
He also claimed to have an ancient book and decided to "woo" it to Nai 'an. Later, Luo Guanzhong continued and was reviled.
So he deleted all the words "woo" and saved only the first 70 times-this is the current encyclopedia.
He probably didn't have any ancient books, but he deleted them according to his own opinion. Ancient books are nothing more than a means of "believing in the past".
However, the article is somewhat uneven before and after, but it is indeed as the Tang Dynasty said. But as I said before, Water Margin is based on many oral accounts or a short story of Water Margin, so it can't be unified.
Moreover, it is more difficult to describe an article after a successful career than when it was a robber. There are many things in a voluminous book, so it can't be concluded that it is a sequel to Luo Guanzhong.
As for Jin Shengtan, why did you delete the article behind "Zhao An"? This is probably influenced by the social environment at that time.
Mr. Hu Shizhi said: "The prosperous Tang Dynasty was born in an era when thieves were rampant. Seeing that the ordinary robbers described by Zhang and Li Zicheng poisoned the whole country, he felt that robbers should not advocate it, but should criticize it.
"This is very.
It was the prosperous Tang Dynasty that thought it was not reliable to draw the foreign coach with robbers, and did not want to hear the rumors of Song Jiang's meritorious service.
However, after the death of the Ming Dynasty, foreign forces flourished, and several adherents held the pain of national subjugation, so they forgot the pain of bandits and expressed sympathy for them.
For example, chenchen, a adherent of the Ming Dynasty, wrote Biography of the Water Margin in the name of Yan Dangshan Qiao.
He said: After the death of Sung River, the remaining comrades were Song Yujin, but after that, Li Jun led many people out to sea and became king in Siam.
This is because the country was occupied by foreigners and turned to sympathize with robbers.
In the end, however, things changed and even the sense of race was forgotten. Therefore, during the Daoguang period, Yu Wanchun wrote "Water Margin", saying that Song Jiang and others in Yamaguchi were killed by officers and men.
His article is beautiful and his description is not bad, but his thoughts are really disappointing.
Author: 58.60.243. Reply to this speech.
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2 Reply: Lu Xun on the Four Classical Novels
3. Journey to the West, Journey to the West Most people in the world think that Qiu Changchun, a Taoist priest in the Yuan Dynasty, did it, but it is not.
Qiu Changchun himself also has three other volumes of The Journey to the West, which are Ji Xing's, and there is another one in Taoist Collection: But because of the same title, people mistakenly think it is one kind.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Yu Ji's Preface to Changchun's Journey to the West was the first one who carved The Journey to the West, and people thought that The Journey to the West was written by Qiu Changchun.
-Actually, it was Wu Cheng'en, Sanyo, Jiangsu who made this journey to the West.
This can be found in the Records of Huai 'an Prefecture compiled in the Ming Dynasty. But in the Qing Dynasty, this record was deleted.
Journey to the West has been watched a hundred times now, first describing the Monkey King's enlightenment, and then the origin of Tang Priest's scriptures. After 8 1 difficulty, he finally returned to the east.
Wu Cheng'en didn't write this novel either, because the Biography of Tang Sanzang-as mentioned earlier-has already talked about the Walker and the Deep River God [1] and other places.
The zaju of the Yuan Dynasty also used the three * * days of learning from the scriptures in the Tang Dynasty as the material.
In addition, there is a short story of The Journey to the West in the Ming Dynasty-it can be seen that Xuanzang's The Journey to the West gradually evolved into a miraculous story from the late Tang Dynasty to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and many of them were made into simple novels. In Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty, they got together again and formed most of the The Journey to the West.
Cheng En is very funny. He talks about the joy, anger, sadness and joy of monsters, which is close to human feelings, so everyone likes to watch it! This is his skill.
Moreover, people can't bear to see it. Unlike the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, see Liu Shengxi and see Cao Sheng hate; Because the stories of Journey to the West are all monsters, we read them, but we found them very interesting. The so-called regardless of gains and losses, enjoy the fun alone-this is also his skill.
As for the purpose of this book, some people say it is persuasion; Some people say it's Zen; Some people say it's a sermon; There is a lot of discussion.
But in my opinion, just because of the author's game, and because he is influenced by the same origin of the three religions, Sakyamuni, Laojun, Guanyin, Zhenzhen and Shen Yuan are all-inclusive, and no matter what believers, they can attach themselves to it as appropriate.
If you have to ask the gist of it, I think The Journey to the West ... takes apes as his mind and pigs as his meaning. At first, he indulged in heaven and earth, which is an incantation, which can tame apes, subdue them and die. Gai also asks for reassurance.
"These words are enough to explain the problem.
Later, there were "Biography of Journey to the West" and "Continued Journey to the West", all of which could not get rid of the prequel.
The Journey to the West, who arrived in Dong, became a satirical novel, which has nothing to do with this kind.
Author: 58.60.243. * 2006-9-2117: 31reply to this statement.
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3 Reply: Lu Xun on the Four Classical Novels
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A Dream of Red Mansions was originally named "The Story of the Stone", with a total of 80 episodes, and suddenly appeared in Beijing in the middle of Qianlong.
At first, all manuscripts were copied, and it was only in the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong that Cheng Weiyuan's edition was produced. Forty times, a total of 120 times, it was renamed "Dream of Red Mansions".
According to Weiyuan, they are all collected from their hometown and drum burden.
Its original works are rare now, but there is a copy of Shi Yinben, and I don't know if it is the original.
A Dream of Red Mansions is about the Jia family in Stone Town-not necessarily Nanjing today.
Mainly Baoyu, the son of Jia Zheng, is extremely clever and loves the opposite sex. There are many good women in Jia family. In addition to the master and servant, there are many relatives, such as Daiyu and Baochai, who come to stay, and Shi Xiangyun often comes.
Baoyu and Daiyu love each other best; Later he married Baoyu, but met Baochai. When Daiyu learned that, she vomited blood and died.
Baoyu was also unhappy and lamented his illness.
Later, Jia She of Ningguo Mansion was ransacked, and Fu Rong was involved, so his family fortune declined and Baoyu went crazy. Then he suddenly changed careers and won the prize.
But soon, I suddenly don't know what to do.
Jia Zheng passed the grave where his mother was buried and saw a barefoot and bald man, so he bowed down to him. A closer look reveals that it is Baoyu. Just as he was about to ask a question, suddenly a monk came and pulled him away.
There is nothing to pursue, but I see a white wilderness.
Everyone knows that Cao Xueqin is the author of A Dream of Red Mansions, because it is written in the book.
As for what kind of person Cao Xueqin is, few people mention it; According to Mr. Hu Shizhi's textual research, we can know it.
Xueqin, whose name is Qin Pu, is a flag bearer of the Han army.
My grandfather's surname is Yin, and Kangxi weaves for Jiangning.
When the Qing ancestors visited the south, the weaving bureau was the palace.
His father? , also for Jiangning weaving.
From this we know that the author was really the son of a big family when he was young.
He was born in Nanjing.
When I was ten years old, my father and I went to Beijing.
After that, I don't know what happened in the middle, and my family suddenly fell down.
When Qin Xue was in middle age, he was so poor that he lived in the western suburbs of Beijing, and sometimes he didn't have enough to eat.
But he was also addicted to drinking and writing poems, and it was also at this time that A Dream of Red Mansions was created.
Unfortunately, his son died of grief-he was in his forties-and the Dream of Red Mansions was not finished, only eighty times.
Later, Cheng Weiyuan's engraving increased to 120 times. Although it was collected from various places, it was actually continued by his friend Gao E, which is not original.
There are also many speculations about the meaning stated in the book.
More importantly, (1) means to remember the family affairs of Nalan Xingde, and the so-called golden hairpin twelve refers to the person who is regarded as a guest of honor by Xingde.
This is because Xing De is a poet, and he was recruited by teenagers. Later, his house was also raided, which was similar to Baoyu's situation, so I guessed it.
But there are many other differences between Baoyu's sexual virtues before and after his death, so they are not very similar.
(2) The story of Shunzhi and Dong E Fei; Dong Xiaowan, an old prostitute in Qinhuai, was accepted as Princess of Hubei.
The Qing soldiers went south and plundered Xiaowan to Beijing, so they were favored by the ancestors of the Qing dynasty and were named Guiji; Later, Xiaowan died, and Qingzu was very sad, so he became a monk in Wutai Mountain.
Baoyu is also a monk in A Dream of Red Mansions, which is a clear allusion to this story.
But Dong E Fei is Manchu, not Dong Xiaowan. Xiaowan was 28 years old when the Qing soldiers went down to Jiangnan.
When Shunzhi was fourteen years old, there would never be a reason to treat Xiaowan as a princess.
So it doesn't make sense
(3) refers to the political bottom state of Kangxi dynasty; I just think "Stone" is a political novel, and the skill in the book is to reveal the death of Ming and the loss.
For example, the word "Zhu" is represented by the word "red", "Jinling" is pointed by the word "stone", "Jia" is used to denounce the puppet dynasty-that is, to denounce "Qing", and the twelve women in Jinling are used to ridicule the celebrities who fell to the Qing Dynasty.
However, this statement is too close to puncture. Besides, if we know that the author is a flag bearer of the Han army, it seems that he will not bear the pain of national subjugation on behalf of * * *.
(4) It means self-narration; This statement was first said, and the number of people who believed it was the least, but now it has increased.
Because we already know Qin Xue's own situation, which is very consistent with the description in the book.
My grandfather and father both worked in Jiangning weaving factory, and their luxury is similar to Jia's. Qin Xue was a good son when he was young, just like Baoyu. Then suddenly poor, assuming that the property was stolen or close to this accident, is also reasonable-it can be seen that the book A Dream of Red Mansions says that most of the endings are the author's self-narrative, which is the most credible.
As for the value of A Dream of Red Mansions, it is really rare in China's novels.
Its main point is to dare to describe it truthfully without any taboo. It is completely different from the previous novels describing good people and bad people, so the characters described in it are all real people.
In short, since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, the traditional thinking and writing methods have been broken.
-the charm and lingering of his article is second.
But there are many opponents who think it will have a bad influence on young people.
This is because when people in China read a novel, they can't appreciate it with appreciation, but they plunge into the book and try to fill one of the footnotes.
So young people pretend to be Baoyu and Daiyu when they watch A Dream of Red Mansions. The old man looked around and occupied the position where Jia Zheng controlled Baoyu. His mind is full of interesting plans and he can't see anything else.
A Dream of Red Mansions was followed by many sequels: Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of Red Mansions and Dream of Red Mansions. ..................................................................................