First, the origin of the Ni family name

2. The origin of Nijia

Ni family comes from Cao surname, Yong State and Yong State, and is the descendant of Emperor Zhuan Xu.

According to legend, Emperor Zhuan Xu had a grandson named Ng Wui, who was named Zhu Rong in Di Ku. Lu Zhong, the son of Wu Hui, married the daughter of Ghost Fang and gave birth to six sons. The fifth son is named An and Cao. Cao Yan, the descendant of Cao An, was placed in Guo (near Qufu, Shandong) after the Shang Dynasty was destroyed. During the Warring States period, Guo was destroyed, and later generations went to town to take Zhu as their surname. Zhu Xie is the ancestor of Zhu's surname. This branch of Zhujiajian lives in Peiguo township and county, and it is for Zhujiajian in Jiangsu.

Around the 27th century BC, the Chinese people in the Central Plains of China began to establish the earliest state power-a chiefdom, which produced the earliest monarch in the history of China. The title of this monarch is "Yellow Emperor".

The Yellow Emperor's real name was Gongsun, and his father was the monarch of Xiong State who ruled Xinzheng, Henan Province. Shaodian married a Gao family woman.

Legend has it that after Fu Bao and Shao Dian got married, they took a walk in the suburban fields one night, looking up at the sky and admiring the stars. Suddenly, the sky shone like lightning, like a silver snake, circling around the Big Dipper. Finally, the light fell from the sky and fell on the attached treasure. Attached treasure only felt a sudden movement in her stomach, and then she became pregnant. Different from the general female pregnancy, Fu Bao was pregnant for 24 months in a place called Xuanyuan (Xinzheng, Henan, northwest Qufu, Shandong) before giving birth to a baby. He is the common ancestor of the whole Chinese nation-the Yellow Emperor.

At first, the Yellow Emperor gave his father the surname Gongsun and inherited the title of Xiong. Born in Xuanyuan, it was named Xuanyuan. Later, the Yellow Emperor became a tribal leader, and his tribe mainly lived in Jishui Valley, so he took Jishui as his surname.

The rise of the tribe named Ji in the period of the Yellow Emperor coincided with the decline of the tribe that originally ruled the Central Plains and was related to the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor took advantage of this great opportunity to unite with other tribes in the Central Plains, organized a powerful army, and then launched a fierce attack on the Yan Di tribe. After an unprecedented bloody battle, the Yellow Emperor defeated the Yan Di tribe in the west and "killed Yan Di and occupied his land". Then, the Yellow Emperor led an army to destroy the Chiyou tribe in Dongyi. After a series of wars, most primitive clans, tribes and nationalities in China were unified for the first time, and the earliest primitive state power of the Chinese nation in the Central Plains-Emirates was established.

The Yellow Emperor naturally became the monarch of this emerging early state power and was honored as the emperor. At that time, all the conquered clans and tribes obeyed the orders of the Yellow Emperor and became people under the rule of the Yellow Emperor. And the Yellow Emperor sent many of his sons, cronies and nobles to all directions to supervise and manage the world's subjects. With the passage of time, the relationship between the Yellow Emperor and the primitive tribes of the Emirates evolved from the relationship between leaders and ministers to the relationship between father and son. Members of all tribes recognize the Yellow Emperor as their father, and their descendants and surnames are also traced back to the Yellow Emperor as their ancestors. In this way, the Yellow Emperor not only became the surname of Ji, but also became the great ancestor of the whole Chinese nation, including Ni.

The chiefdom of the Yellow Emperor ruled nearly 10,000 small countries in the world at that time, which was actually many primitive tribes. He formulated many systems, and the era he ruled was a model of civilization praised by politicians in China for thousands of years. According to Huai Nan Zi and other books, in the era of the Yellow Emperor, the weather in the Huaxia area of the Central Plains was favorable, the crops were bumper, and the people lived a long and happy life. Social stability, the strong do not bully the weak, the public do not bully the widowed, and treat them equally; The law is simple, the officials are impartial, and the monarch and the minister are one; There is even a peaceful scene in which the roads are not connected, the doors are not closed at night, the city walls are not closed, there are no thieves in the city, people are humble, and all ethnic groups coexist peacefully.

Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor reigned 100 years and lived11year before his death. He was buried in Qiao Shan, and his mausoleum is now the Huangdi Mausoleum in Beiqiao Mountain, huangling county City, Shaanxi Province.

Huangdi married four wives and gave birth to 25 sons. Among them, Zheng Fei gave birth to two sons: Changyi and Xiao Xuan. Changyi Branch lives in Ruoshui-now Moqu in Qinghai, Zoige in Sichuan and the upper reaches of Minjiang River.

There is a clear record in the authoritative classic of surnames, Yuan He's Compilation: "Zhu, then Xu."

Emperor Zhuan Xu, surnamed Ji, Zhuan Xu and Levin, belonged to Huangdi and Changyi Branch.

Legend has it that Changyi, the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor, was demoted to the vassal of Ruoshui Valley in the southwest because of his low talent and morality. After Changyi was moved to Ruoshui, she married the daughter of the local chief of Shushan and settled here. Dai Daili and Century Imperial Capital said that one night, Princess Changfu of Changyi, also known as the female pivot, saw the scene of "the stars in Ursa Major shining like a rainbow" in the sky, so she felt pregnant and later gave birth to Zhuan Xu, the distant ancestor of Zhu. However, there are different records in Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing, which holds that Zhuan Xu is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the grandson of Chang Yi, and Zhuan Xu's father is Bo Han. Shan Hai Jing is a wonderful book of ancient southerners recording southern affairs, which is quite true.

Zhuan Xu, like his ancestor Huangdi, is also a great saint in the history of China. He was born in Ruoshui. As a teenager, he moved eastward along the Yellow River valley with his tribe. Later, he joined the Dongyi tribe in Shao Hao and settled in poor mulberry (now Qufu County, Shandong Province), hence the name poor mulberry. Zhuan Xu was only 10 years old, so he became the right-hand man of Shao Hao, the leader of Dongyi tribe. At the age of 20, he inherited Shao Hao's throne and became the chief of Dongyi tribe, with poor capital. Since then, Zhuan Xu led his troops westward and advanced into the Central Plains. Here, Zhuan Xu first went to war with the Gonggong tribe from the northwest, playing the name of "Tianzhu Fold, the earth is unique", and finally drove the Gonggong family to the south. Then, Zhuan Xu annexed a large number of small countries of the Central Plains Huaxia Group, and finally unified the Quartet, inherited the throne of the ancestor Huangdi, became the monarch of the Central Plains Huaxia vassal state, and moved its capital to Diqiu (now Zhuan Xu, southwest of Zhou Pu City, Henan Province). According to The Emperor's Century, Huang Lan and other books, Zhuan Xu ascended the throne in 25 14 BC and reigned for 78 years. At the age of 98, he was buried in Guangyangli, south of Dunqiu, Puyang, Dong County (now Liangzhuang Township, Neihuang County, Henan Province). Shan Hai Jing said that he was buried in Muyu Mountain in the upper reaches of Hanshui River (or attached to it as a corner worker). According to the Chronicle of Life in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhuan Xu's Levin reigned for 20 generations and ruled the Central Plains for 350 years.

After the collapse of Zhuan Xu, he was honored as one of the five ancient emperors in China, and was also honored as the northern emperor among the five gods, so the classics also called him the northern emperor and Hei Di.

From Zhuan Xu to Yan 'an-the ancient ancestors of Nijia, the northern emperors Levin and Zhuan Xu, married Zou Tu and Teng Kui, and gave birth to many children, such as Xiankun,,,,,,,, canned goods, and prayers. Among them, Zhuan Xu's second princess Teng Kui is also named Nuwa, who gave birth to two sons, Yan and Yu. It is said that some history books also write the words "Bo Shuo" and "Fu Bo". The son is called Lao Tong, and some history books also write "chapters". Old boys married Jiaofu, a woman from Genshui tribe, and gave birth to Chongli and Ng Wui.

This descendant of Zhuan Xu claimed to be in Ng Wui, but failed to inherit the throne of Zhuan Xu because of having concubines, and gradually migrated to the south. When Chongli and Ng Wui brothers arrived, they had moved to the south of China.

In ancient China, the names of tribal leaders were often tribal names. Chong Li, the eldest son of Lao Tong, was named after being the leader of the tribal regime in Chong Li. As a descendant of a branch of Zhuan Xu, Li Zhong was appointed by Di Ku, the monarch of Huaxia vassal state in the Central Plains at that time, as the official position of Huozheng, the ancient vassal state in charge of Huozheng. The official name of the ancient fire official was Zhu Rong, so people changed the official name and called Li Zhu Rong.

However, Chongli is often excluded by Di Ku Group. At that time, Di Ku sent Zhu Rong Chongli to the south to suppress the powerful rebel tribe Gonggong. Later, he killed Chongli on the pretext of ineffective counter-insurgency, and took over the post of Zhu Rong as Chongli's younger brother. In this way, Ng Wui is also called Zhu Rong's.

Wu Hui's brother is from Zhu Rong, and he continues to lead his tribe south to fight Gonggong. Later, the rebellion of Gonggong was finally suppressed, but Ng Wui also died in the south and was buried in Zhurongfeng (now Hengshan, Hunan) in the south. After Zhu Rong's death, he was named Vulcan, the legendary assistant of Yan Di, south of the Five Emperors. In the history of the Ni family, Zhu Rong's position is far inferior to that of Huangdi, Zhuan Xu and Yan 'an.

After Zhu Rong Ng Wui died, most of his descendants and tribal members returned to the Central Plains. Later, Zhu Rong tribes split into many branches and formed the famous "Eight Surnames of Zhu Rong" in history.

Zhu Huisheng and Lu Zhong. Lu Zhong also has an important position in the history of Ni family. "The Inscription" says: "The grandson of Luzhong is Chimera", and all of them claim to be descendants of Luzhong.

Lu Zhong married a strange woman named Nvai (also a prostitute), who came from Guangxi, a southwest tribe. This strange woman is pregnant with a child. She has been pregnant for three years (some people say 1 1 year) and still hasn't given birth. So she did the world's earliest artificial caesarean section and took out six sons. Three from the left and three from the right. Lu Zhong's six sons are: Fan, Hui Lian, Lai Yan, Yan An and Ji Lian. The last six brothers all established their own surnames, among which Fan Wu and his descendants formed their own surnames. Hui Lian sealed Hu Kun, and the descendants formed Dong's surname; The raft sealed Peng, and the descendants formed Peng's surname; Lai Yan sealed the seedlings, and the descendants formed the altar surname; Yan' an sealed Cao, and later generations formed Cao surname; Ji Lian sealed Chu, and descendants formed surnames. Historically, these six surnames, together with the bald surnames given by Peng and the inverted surnames given by Cao, were called "Zhu Rong Eight Surnames".

So the source of "Zhu Rong Eight Surnames" is a Cao surname. Therefore, today's Ni family can be called a branch of Cao Zhu; The Ni family is a blood clan with the surnames of Zhu and Cao in China today.

The originator of Cao surname is Yan 'an, also known as An. According to Ziyang Zhu's Genealogy of Jian 'an Family and surname records, as a descendant of Zhu Rong, Yan 'an once served as an assistant minister in the Yu Shun Dynasty of the Chinese nation in the Central Plains. Later, Yan 'an was granted the surname Cao because of its assistance and establishment, and was named as.

During the period from about 2255 BC (Xu Bing) to 2206 BC (Gui You), Cao Shi was formed at the end of the 23rd century BC. Cao is related to jujube, so it is named because it is rich in jujube. According to experts' research, Caodi, originally sealed by Yan 'an, is located in East Cao Yang, Lingbao County, Shaanxi Province, where red dates are abundant.

Around the Xia Dynasty, Cao people were forced to move eastward to the ancient city of Cao in the south of hua county. The Shang Dynasty moved eastward to the northwest of Dingtao County, Shandong Province, which was the land of Cao State in the Western Zhou Dynasty. After Cao Guo was founded in Yan 'an, it survived tenaciously for more than 1000 years. After several migrations, it perished in the last years of Shang Dynasty. After the demise of Cao, the descendants of the Cao royal family in Yan 'an still took the name of the old country, that is, the name of Yan 'an fief, as their surname, Cao Shi. Later surnames such as Cao Shi, Zhu, Yun, Ni, Yan and Zou all originated from Cao Shi in Xia and Shang Dynasties, namely the Cao royal family.

Take the country as the surname

Zhu-a descendant of spider, a branch of Ni.

Most of Zhu's clans today, their ancestors were not Zhu, but Zhu.

As early as ancient times, there lived a clan on the Shandong Peninsula today. They worship spiders for various inexplicable reasons, believing that all clan members are descendants of this sacred spider and are protected by it. Therefore, they regarded spiders as ancestors' sacrifices, totems and emblems of this clan, and called this clan "Zhu".

The ancient Yi people mainly lived in Zouxian County, Shandong Province. They also call their place of residence. Therefore, the names Zhucheng (now 26 miles south of Zouxian) and Yishan (also known as Zoushan, Yishan and 32 miles south of Zouxian) were left in Zouxian, Shandong Province.

In a word, because of the ancient people's worship of spiders, the names Zhu, Zhushan, Zhushui, Zhucheng, and so on came into being, and they are also the main body of Zhu's surname in later generations. And after Cao sealed Zhuan Xu, they also inherited the spider totem of the ancient people. Therefore, we can think that most people today.

Zhu's founding ancestor and Ni's distant ancestor.

According to the Ziyangzhu Jian 'an Genealogy and the Origin of Surnames, he is the 27th generation grandson of Cao's ancestor Yan 'an. Yan Ansheng even joined together and was born with Caibai, Caibai with Ji Zha and Ji Zha with the main cabinet. After the main court, it spread to the 265,438+0 generation, and they went to Zhu Xia.

1 1 century BC, the Wu Zhou revolution took place in the history of China, and the Western Zhou regime wiped out the Shang Dynasty in the Central Plains and established the Zhou Dynasty. After the king of Wu destroyed the business, he implemented a famous policy, that is, while sealing nobles with the same surname, he also widely sealed princes with different surnames. At that time, the Cao State built by Yan 'an descendants had already perished, and the King of Wu successfully won the old land of Cao State and changed it into the fief of his brother Ji, namely the Western State (now Dingtao County, Shandong Province). At the same time, I visited the adherents of the ancient Cao State and got the Miao nationality in Yan 'an, so I was named Zhu (now Zouxian County, Shandong Province) as an incense after Zhuan Xu and Yan 'an. According to historical records, the state of Yue, founded by Yan Xia in those days, was only a small tribal country with only three miles in Fiona Fang. At that time, Guo was only a vassal state of Lu, and all its internal affairs, diplomacy and state affairs were subject to the will of Lu, a northern neighbor.

Guo Yuan was the hometown of the former Dongyi Yan family, where there was a clan that worshipped spider totems. After Dingge in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the land was seized by Zhou Dynasty. After Cao Xia was blocked, a clan state was established here. When Zhu was sealed, the Cao Shi family who led him moved to Zhu, but the local indigenous clan was still the main body. Since then, Cao Shi has been integrated with the local Yi people for a long time, forming a new ethnic group-Yi people. They inherited the spider totem of Zhu people, so they took Zhu as their country name and surname. At the same time, he inherited the blood symbol of Cao people-Cao surname, and became one of the main members of the Chinese nation in later generations.

Guo's name was also written as "Lou" in the classics, and was also commonly known as "Zou" or "Li" in the Warring States period. According to the research results of experts and scholars, Zhulou is a local dialect, Zhuan is a proper name, and Zou and Li are homophones used after the Warring States period, which are the same as Yan in Yan State.

The country established by has undergone great changes and development, and Xiao Zhu and Guo Guo have appeared. Because of his pioneering work, he was also respected by later generations as the great ancestor of Zhu, Yun, Yan, Zou and Lou.

There are many ways to write the word "Zhu" in Guo, but they all look like spiders on the whole. It can be seen that Guo, the ancestor of Cao tribe, once took spiders as totems. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was named "Spider" and later changed to "Zhu" for convenience. In ancient times, the word Zhu had two pronunciations. The word "Zhu" in the Biography of the Ram written by Qi people is pronounced as "Zhu Lou", and the Zuo Zhuan written by Lu people is pronounced as "Zou". Why are there these two pronunciations? This is because the ancients had two pronunciations: acute and slow. If you read slowly, it is the consonant of "Zhu" and "Lou", which is pronounced as "Zhu Lou"; If it is pronounced as an emergency, it becomes "Zou" or "Zhu". These two pronunciations are written as "Guo Guo" or "Zou Guo" in ancient books, which actually refer to the same two countries.

Guo is a small country in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it has been a vassal state of Shandong, only a few tens of miles away. Its territory extends to the west of Feixian County in the east, to the north of dushan lake in the northeast of Yutai County in the west, to Anshang Village in tengxian in the south and to Zouxian County in the north. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the national strength was too weak to compete with other big countries, so there was no story about it in the history books, only a simple lineage for our reference. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, because Cao Xia was the first monarch, his lineage was: Cao Xia-insincere-coachman-new-new: father-Fu Yiyan. From Yan, the history of the country can be seen sporadically in the history books, and in the Spring and Autumn Period. After several generations' efforts, Qi became stronger, but it was still a vassal of Lu. Yan, the foreign father who succeeded to the throne, is a bad king. He made a mess of the country with treacherous court officials, and his politics was extremely corrupt. Later, he passed the throne to his brother Shu Shu. Uncle Shu is very wise. He doesn't want to take over his brother's power. He was only a monarch for a short time, and then he passed the throne to his son Xia Fuyan. After Xia Fu proclaimed himself emperor, he sent his brothers and friends to YUNDI (now east of tengxian, Shandong Province) and established a small country. Xiaoguo was passed on to the 14th generation and was destroyed by Chu Xuanwang in the middle of the Warring States Period. At the same time, Xia Fu also granted uncle skills to abuse (now southeast of tengxian, Shandong Province) and established a country of abuse. In the twenty-first year of Duke Zhao of Lu (52 1), the monarch surrendered to Lu with black arms and the country died. Xia Fu enfeoffed a friendly country, and Shu Shu founded the country, which made there two vassal states everywhere.

You Zhu and Xiaoguo.

In history, in addition to the established foreign countries, there is also a small country, which was separated from the State of Guo and founded by Zhi Friends.

At that time, Zhu Wu's righteous father, Yan Sheng, had two sons, the elder named Xia Fu and the younger named You. You Zhu, whose real name is Zhu Fei, is a word friend, and has been handed down from generation to generation with You Zhu's father and other bronzes. According to documents, he made great contributions to the Zhou royal family, so he appointed his youngest son to build another vassal there (5 miles east of tengxian and 50 miles southeast of tengxian).

Yong was just a fief of Chiyou at first, and then it gradually developed into a new small state. It is not only a branch and vassal state of Qi, but also a vassal state of Lu. At first, You Yong had no name, but the descendants of You Yong still called themselves "Yong people". But people at that time and later Japanese historians thought that this country was not old, but a derivative of the old. Therefore, it is called Xiao Yi, also known as Xiao Yi. And because the capital is just around the corner, and it is the land of ancient waves, people at that time may also be called Tan Guo and Guo Ni.

Although he established his country with his friends, he regarded Yan as his ancestor. According to records, You Zhu gave birth to two sons, which were later divided into two branches: the eldest son succeeded to Guo Jun Jr.; The second son went to Lu to practice medicine. The descendants named after their grandfather are called Yanshi family, which is the origin of Yanshi family in China.

When Xiao Zhuzi was introduced to his grandson Zhuzi, Qin Wang, who appeared before Lu for many times and followed him several times, was recognized by all China powers, and was officially made a viscount by the Zhou royal family, becoming a country on an equal footing with his mother country. But in fact, during the whole Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, its influence was much weaker than Guo's, so it always maintained a vassal relationship with Guo, and its military, political, diplomatic and other major decisions followed Guo.

The pedigree of Xiaoguo after Li Lai is unknown in the literature. We only know that Li Lai's grandson is Little Mu Gong, and Mu Gong's grandson is Little Gong Hui. After Xiao Hui Gong Hui passed it on to the sixth generation, Xiaoguo passed away. Therefore, Zhu Xiao spread from You Zhu to14th generation, and was destroyed by Chu Xuanwang together with Guo Zi in the middle of the Warring States Period.

After the country was destroyed, some descendants took the country as their name, went to town as their son's surname, and later changed their surname to Ni.

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