Economically: the use of iron and Niu Geng, the qualitative leap of productivity, and the development of social economy; In slave society, the state-owned land system was transformed into feudal state-owned land system, and the feudal private land system was developing day by day.
Politically: the royal family declined and the princes competed for hegemony; Slave society gradually disintegrated and feudal system was established; The country is moving from division to unity.
Ethnic relations: ethnic exchanges and integration laid the foundation for the formation of the Chinese nation.
Ideology and culture: epoch-making changes have formed a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contend. Economic development promoted the development of science, technology and culture, and made a series of achievements in astronomy, medicine, literature and art during this period.
2. The qin dynasty:
It ended the separatist situation for hundreds of years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Establish a unified multi-ethnic centralized feudal country, so that the idea of unity is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
A series of systems and measures initiated by the Qin Dynasty to consolidate and unify centralization were inherited and perfected by later feudal rulers. Such as emperor system, county system, three public officials and nine ministers system, unified measurement, writing and currency, and the construction of the Great Wall.
The lessons of Qin's national subjugation due to tyranny were absorbed by the rulers in the early Han Dynasty, which contributed to the emergence of the prosperous situation in the early Western Han Dynasty.
The Great Wall of Wan Li, a great project, has a far-reaching influence on later generations.
3. Han dynasty:
The first great development period of China feudal society (the rule of Wenjing, the rise of Zhao Xuan and the rise of Guangwu);
The unified multi-ethnic country was consolidated and developed (the territory of the Han Dynasty was further expanded, and the western regions, southwest China and Baiyue began to be incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty); (3) China began to go to the world (the opening of the Silk Road and frequent exchanges between China and foreign countries);
Centralized absolutism has been further improved (the solution to the kingdom problem has been further strengthened);
With the gradual development of social economy, achievements in agriculture, handicrafts and commerce have laid the foundation for future economic development;
Confucianism eventually became the orthodox thought of feudal society. ⑦ Culture has many advantages, such as multiple organic combinations, the highest level in the world, and great momentum.
Extended data
Modern economic history
Three major changes of socialism
The three major socialist transformations refer to the socialist transformation of agriculture, capitalist industry and commerce and handicrafts organized by China in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Its significance lies in that it marks that China has basically realized the transformation from private ownership of means of production to socialist public ownership, and the socialist revolution in ownership has won a decisive victory; China has initially established the basic system of socialism; Since then, it has entered the primary stage of socialism.
Great leap forward period
1958 In May, the Second National Congress of the Eighth CPC officially adopted the general line of "building socialism with all efforts, striving for the upper reaches, and building socialism quickly and economically". Although the starting point of this general line is to change the backward situation of China's economy and culture as soon as possible, it is impossible to change the backward situation of China's economy and culture quickly because of ignoring the objective economic laws.
After the general line was put forward, the party launched the "Great Leap Forward" movement. During the Great Leap Forward, there were many things that falsely reported the output. One of the most famous is xushui county, which claims to harvest 65.438+0.2 billion Jin of grain a year. The People's Daily publicized this behavior. According to this report, the national grain collection quota seriously exceeds the actual output. This was also the main reason for the famine.
During the Cultural Revolution
During the long period of social unrest, the national economy developed slowly, the main proportion relationship was out of balance for a long time, and the economic management system became more rigid. In the past ten years, the loss of national income reached 500 billion yuan according to the expected increase in benefits of investment in normal years 100 yuan.
The people's living standards have basically not improved, and even declined in some aspects. Since the 1970s, the international situation has tended to ease, and many countries' economies have taken off or started to develop continuously. However, due to the influence of the "Cultural Revolution", China not only did not narrow the existing gap with developed countries, but widened the gap between them, thus losing a development opportunity.
reform and opening-up
The reform and opening-up policy is an economic reform and opening-up policy implemented in China in the late 1970s. Reform and opening up include internal reform and opening up.
China's internal reform began in the countryside, and Xiaogang Village in Fengyang County began to implement the "land contract responsibility system", which opened the curtain of China's internal reform; Opening to the outside world is a basic national policy of China, a road for China to become a powerful country and a powerful driving force for the development of the socialist cause.
socialist market economy
The establishment of socialist market economic system is the fundamental innovation of China's economic system and the fundamental way to realize socialist modernization, which has its own qualitative stipulation and basic characteristics. The socialist market economy is different from the traditional planned economy. After the founding of New China, we gradually implemented a highly centralized planned economic system in economic construction.
This planned economy model has its own characteristics and disadvantages. Mainly: the form of ownership is becoming single day by day, excluding multiple economic forms and multiple modes of operation; The decision-making power of economic management is concentrated in the hands of the state, and enterprises only rely heavily on the economic entities of higher-level governments, or are appendages of administrative organs.
Baidu Encyclopedia-China Ancient Economy