Southern Dynasties (420-589): The general name of the four dynasties established in the south after the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 420 AD, four Han regimes, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, appeared in the south of China, which confronted the regime established by Xianbei people in the north, but they existed for a short time. The longest is only 59 years (Liu Song) and the shortest is only 23 years (Xiao Qi), which is a period of rapid dynasty change in the history of China. At this time, China was in the period of partition between north and south. It is also known as the Northern and Southern Dynasties with Wei Yuan (Northern Wei, Eastern Wei and Western Wei), Northern Qi and Northern Zhou.

Southern Song Dynasty (420 -479): Also known as Liu Song, China was the first political power in the Southern Dynasty. Emperor Wu of Song, the founding emperor, was the direct grandson of Wang Jiaoliu of Chu Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty. He was poor since he was a child. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, civil strife broke out one after another, and the internal struggle of the imperial court was also very fierce. In 402 AD, Huan Xuan, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, took advantage of the weakness of the imperial court to rise up and usurp the throne, with the title of Chu. Emperor Wu of Song and Liu Yi fought against him, and finally destroyed Huan Xuan's power. Since then, Emperor Wu of Song led the army to fight in the north, and his power has been growing. He defeated powerful factions such as Liu Yi and Sima Xiuzhi, and finally forced Gong Jin to cede the throne to him. The Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty were established one after another, and the northern countries were eyeing up and the war continued. In 424 AD, Song Wendi Liu Yilong acceded to the throne. After 30 years in office, he made great efforts to govern, and the national production economy finally recovered, so he was ruled by Yuanjia. However, in 453 AD, his eldest son, Liu Shao, horribly killed his father in order to usurp the throne. After that, the royal family fought for the throne, scuffles continued, the emperor was dissolute and cruel, the state affairs became increasingly corrupt, and the national strength collapsed. In 479 AD, the Song Dynasty ceded the throne, and the Southern Song Dynasty was finally replaced by Nanqi.

Nanqi (479-503)

Southern dynasties, second dynasties. Xiao Daocheng was founded. Dukang is located in Daba Mountain and Huainan in the north, Sichuan in the west, Yunnan in the southwest, Hengshan in Vietnam in the south and the seaside in the southeast. Seven emperors, * * * twenty-four years (479 ~ 503).

Xiao Daocheng, a low-level crematorium. He led the army for more than 30 years. He took advantage of the chaotic situation of killing each other within the royal family and between the monarch and the minister in the late Liu and Song Dynasties, and took the lead in mastering the real power. In the third year of Ming Sheng (479), he was called Emperor Song (see Qi Di Xiao Daocheng), with the title Qi and Jianyuan, and was called Nanqi and Xiao Qi in history. Although the State of Qi carried out some reforms on the tyranny in the late Song Dynasty, paying attention to persuading farmers and mulberry and school education, the burden on the people did not decrease, and farmers on the verge of bankruptcy became hidden households of powerful families. The rising trend of Han people in the Qi Dynasty continued to develop. The central government took the Han people as the masters of the official secrets, while the local government used the official signatures to strictly control and monitor the royal family and Fangzhen, which further weakened the real power of the gentry. At the beginning of Qi Dynasty, in view of the lesson that the ruling class lost the world by killing each other at the end of Song Dynasty, Xiao Ze, the Emperor of Qi, was able to maintain political stability despite Tang Yu's rebellion. During the five years of the reign of Emperor Xiao Luan of Qi Ming, the royal families killed each other even more than at the end of the Song Dynasty. Almost all the descendants of Gao and Wu were wiped out. After Xiao Luan's death, Xiao Baojuan (Dong Hunhou), who succeeded to the throne, was a tyrant who killed only. Everyone fears for himself, and the political situation is chaotic to the extreme. In the 3rd year of Yongyuan (50 1), Xiao Yan, the imperial clan of Yongzhou, set out for Xiangyang, captured Jiankang and killed all the descendants of Ming Di. The following year, he proclaimed himself emperor, established the Liang Dynasty, and mutually assured destruction.

Nanliang

Southern Dynasties-Southern and Northern Dynasties-The third king of Liang Dynasty (AD 546). Xiao Yan founded. Du Jiankang, four emperors, * * * fifty-six years (502~557). In the second year of Yongyuan (500), Xiao Yan's younger brother Xiao Yi was killed by Xiao Baojuan, who was unconscious in Jidong. In the third year, ZSZSZSZ took the southern monarch of Qi and his subjects to kill each other. The situation was extremely chaotic. He captured Jiankang from Xiangyang, marched eastward and proclaimed himself emperor the following year. State name Liang, Jianyuan, Shi said. Du Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). At its peak, its territory was about Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces. A part of Henan, Shaanxi and Sichuan, a small part of northern Vietnam and northern Myanmar.

Xiao Yan is an imperial clan of Nanqi. In the third year of Yongyuan (50 1), taking advantage of the fact that the monarchs and subjects of the Southern Qi Dynasty killed each other, they set up troops in Xiangyang, captured Jiankang, killed Hunhou of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and made his brother Xiao Baorong emperor, for the sake of Qi and the emperor. In the first year of Tian Jian (502), the emperor was abolished and proclaimed as Liang Wudi. Dujian Kangzhou Mingliang, Jianyuan, Shi said. Xiao Yan reigned for 48 years, and he indulged the royal family; Advocating Buddhism; He also ordered local officials to "present gifts", and as a result, local officials competed to collect money and exploit the people; The corvee is heavy. "Everyone is tired and confused at home." Xiao Yan was fatuous in his later period. He fought against Wei several times, but failed, even lost his teacher. In the first year of Taiqing (547), Hou Jing, the general of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, surrendered to Liang, but Xiao Yan ignored the opposition of courtiers and tried to destroy Wei by Hou Jing. In the second year, Hou Jing rose up against the beam (see Hou Jing Rebellion). Although Xiao Yan's descendants controlled Qiang Bing, they still controlled the town and pretended to help, waiting for the chance to seize the throne. In three years, the insurgents starved to death Ketaicheng and Xiao Yan. In four years, Prince Xiao Gang became the late Emperor Wen. In the second year of Dabao (55 1), Hou Jing killed Xiao Gang and claimed to be the emperor of the Han Dynasty. At this time, Xiao Yan's descendants contended, and Xiao Lun (six sons of ZSZSZSZ) belonged to Beiqi according to Yingzhou (Xiakou Town, now Wuchang, Hubei). Xiao Yi (the seventh son of Xiao Yan) was subordinate to the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty for many times according to Jingzhou (now Jiangling, Hubei). Xiao Ji (the eighth son of ZSZSZSZ) according to Yizhou (now Chengdu, Sichuan); Cha Xiao (the grandson of ZSZSZSZ) was based in Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei) and belonged to the Western Wei Dynasty. In the same year, Xiao Yi led West Wei Jun to destroy Xiao Lun. Three years later, when Hou Jing was destroyed, he proclaimed himself Emperor Liang Yuan in Jiangling (now Hubei). In the second year of his holiness (553), Xiao Yi destroyed Xiao Ji under the Shunjiang River, but Yizhou emptiness was captured by the Western Wei Dynasty. In three years, Cha Xiao captured Jiangling with the help of West Wei Jun and killed Xiao Yi. The following year, he proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Liang (555~587). Only Jiangling and a small piece of surrounding land are in the back beam, and tens of thousands of men and women below the princes in Jiangling City have become handmaiden of soldiers in the Western Wei Dynasty, so Cha Xiao is an empty city. When Hou Lianggang was built, most of Liang Xiao's territory had been lost: the lower reaches of the Yangtze River entered Beiqi; Yizhou, Hanzhong and Xiangyang entered the Western Wei Dynasty; Jiangling Hou Liang was also owned by the Western Wei Dynasty. In the first year of Shaotai (555), Liang was established, and general Wang Sengbian and general Yu Jiankang were appointed as the sons of Liang Yuan. When the Northern Qi sent troops to send Liang Wudi's nephew Xiao Yuanming back to Jiankang, Wang Sengbian took Yuan Ming as the emperor (known as the marquis of Zhenyang in history). Chen Baxian attacked and killed Wang Sengbian, deposed Yuan Ming as Jian 'an Gong, and re-established Xiao as Emperor and Liang Jingdi. In the second year of Taiping (557), he was named King Chen, and Zen proclaimed himself emperor and changed to Yongding. Du Jiankang's name is Chen. Liang Chaowu.

Chen (AD 557-589)

In 557 AD, Emperor Liang Jingdi was abolished, and he became emperor on his own and established Chen Wei. At this time, after years of war in southern China, the economy was severely damaged. The country established on this basis is doomed to be short-lived. Chen Wudi and his successors, Wendi and Xuan Di, successively wiped out Wang Sengbian, Wang Monk and other opposition armed forces, and defeated the Beiqi army near Jiankang. Chen's rule has been consolidated to some extent, but after all, due to the decline of national strength, Chen's rule is limited to the south of the Yangtze River and the east of Yichang. In 583 AD, Emperor Chen died. His son Chen acceded to the throne. At this time, the north was unified by the Sui Dynasty, and national reunification was just around the corner. In 589 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, ending the division of China for nearly 300 years.

In the history of China, only Chen in the Southern Dynasties overlapped with the emperor's surname. When the Chen Dynasty was founded, there was a situation in which the southern dynasty became weaker and the northern dynasty became stronger. When Chen Chaogang was founded, facing the invasion of the northern regime, the situation was very critical. Chen Baxian, the first emperor of the Chen Dynasty, led the army to defeat the enemy in one fell swoop, and the situation improved. The monarch of national subjugation was Chen, and Chen was finally destroyed by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty.

Chen Baxian, Chen Wudi (503-559)

The word Xingguo, Han nationality, was born in Xiaruoli, Xing Wu in the Southern Dynasties (now Changxing County, Zhejiang Province), an outstanding strategist and politician. In the first year of Tiancheng (A.D. 555), he killed a monk to argue, made an emperor, appointed himself prime minister, and sealed Wang Chen. After the defeat of Qi, he sent monks to argue with other people in the party, which won the support of the people. Later, he was proclaimed emperor by Zen Buddhism, and his country name was Chen. Both of them were Jiankang people, who reigned for three years and died as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Gaozu.