Let me give you some basic information first:
Porcelain cups, daily utensils, have been used for drinking water or tea since ancient times. The basic type is mostly straight or open, and the diameter of the mouth edge is almost equal to the height of the cup. Flat bottom, round feet or high feet. Archaeological data show that the earliest cups began in the Neolithic Age. There are pottery cups in Yangshao culture, Longshan culture and Hemudu culture sites. The types of cups in this period are the most peculiar and diverse: there are single-ear or double-ear cups with ears; Most of them are conical, three-legged cups, special-shaped cups and high-handle cups.
Primitive celadon cups appeared from the Warring States to the Han Dynasty, among which the oval cups with shallow bellies and flat ears along the long sides in the Han Dynasty were the most representative. The cups in the Sui Dynasty were mostly small green glazed straight-mouth cakes. The most distinctive are the tri-colored pottery cups and patterned pottery cups in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, it was still popular to match a set of drinking utensils with several small cups. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, cups were mostly straight-mouthed, shallow-bellied, round or high-legged, and the high bottom was trumpet-shaped. Song cups are mostly won by glaze color, such as Longquan kiln and Guan, Ge, Ru kiln and Jun kiln. Among them, the black color decoration under the glaze of Cizhou kiln is quite distinct. The fetal bone of Yuanbei cup is thicker, and small flowers and plants are often printed on the inside of the cup. The Ming and Qing dynasties were the most exquisite times for making cups, with light and thin tires, warm glaze, gorgeous colors and various types. In the Ming Dynasty, there were famous Yongle Handcup, Chenghua Doucai Gao Zubei and Jigang Cup. Gao Zubei is more common in the middle and early period. The cups in Qing dynasty were mostly straight-mouthed, with or without handles in the deep belly, covered or uncovered. Decorative techniques are varied, including blue and white, multicolor, pastel and various monochromatic glazes.
Porcelain lamp, tea drinking utensil. The basic type of utensils is open-footed, with inclined straight walls, which are generally smaller than rice bowls and larger than wine glasses. According to archaeological or documentary evidence, porcelain cups were made in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the objects we saw were straight-mouthed, straight-bellied, pie-shaped, flat-footed, blue-glazed and thin-sliced. Tea drinking became popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Tea lanterns in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties were the most famous in Yueyao in the south and Yao Xing in the north. The teacup in Tang Dynasty is also called "Ou". In Lu Yu's Tea Classic, he said: "Ou Yue's state, the lips do not curl, and the bottom curls shallow, only half a liter", which shows the general shape of the Yue Yao lantern. Yue kiln lamps are often equipped with lamp holders, which are often designed as lotus leaves with lotus petals on them, which are quite exquisite and moving. It is natural that Yue kiln lamp is called top grade by Lu Yu because of its fine tire quality, uniform glaze layer and bluish green glaze color. Xing Kiln War is known as "white as snow" and is "universal", which shows its popularity. The common types of teacups in the north and south of Tang Dynasty are open, inclined straight abdominal wall and jade foot.
In the song dynasty, the wind of fighting tea was very strong. Because it is easy to observe the white color of tea foam, the black glazed lamps of Jianye kiln and Yonghe kiln are especially praised. Even Emperor Evonne of Song Huizong was no exception. He bluntly said in "Daguan Tea Theory": "The light is blue and black, and the jade is the best." Jade belt lamp is the rabbit lamp that people often say, which is produced in Jianyang kiln in Fujian. There are roughly two kinds of cups in the Song Dynasty: one is a small shallow round foot with an oblique arc abdomen and a straight mouth; The other is that the corners of the mouth are curled, such as trumpet-shaped, small and shallow, and the abdominal wall is straight. Some are inlaid with gold, and the words "Shoushan Fuhai" are written on the book. In addition to building kilns, the official kilns, Ge kilns, Ding kilns, Jun kilns, Longquan kilns and Jizhou kilns in the Song Dynasty generally burned tea lamps.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the number of black glazed teacups decreased relatively, and blue and white glazed products became more common. The cups in the Yuan Dynasty were straight and the carcass was heavy. In the Ming Dynasty, Xuande white glazed lamp was the most exquisite. Chenghua and Jiajing blue and white lanterns followed closely. In the middle and early Ming dynasty, the cup was full of small folds, deep abdomen and deep circle. In the middle and late stage, it is small and curly, with a deep abdomen, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and shallow round. Most of the decorative patterns are blue-and-white designs painted on the glaze, and there are also fighting colors, multicolored and monochromatic glazes. The modeling, decorative techniques and manufacturing techniques of tea cups in Qing dynasty are superior to those in previous dynasties, and the small cups decorated with pastel and enamel painting are even more exquisite. The basic shape of the device is an open and curved abdominal wall, which is high, large and deep in the early stage of the round foot and relatively low, small and shallow in the later stage, all of which are regular.
In the history of cup and cup development, compared with the two, cup was first produced, cup was last produced, cup was mostly used for drinking, and cup was mostly used for drinking. The shape of the cup is smaller, the shape of the cup is bigger, the cup is many feet high, the cup is full of circles, and the decorative pattern of the cup is simple and complicated. Through the evolution of cups and cups, we can see the profoundness of tea and wine culture in China.
meaning
Many people like to send cups to relatives, friends and customers. Besides being very practical, cups have more special significance. The homonym of a cup is "life", and a cup means life.
If you receive a friend's cup, it means that people regard you as a lifelong friend;
If you receive a gift from your lover-a cup, it means that cupid has come to your door and Cupid is ready to shoot his magic arrow at you and penetrate your heart. He (she) will give you his whole life. Is there a better gift in this world? I think he (she) is showing love to you. Make good use of it.
2. Write a short essay of not less than 800 words on the topic of teacups. It is a simple fact that there is a glass of water in the teacup. Just attach a glass of water, no source and no end. The history of China is too much like a teacup. It only contains a perfect self, without happiness or sadness.
The history of China is stormy: 5,000 years have worn many scars on the earth, many smoke and clouds have turned into sharp growls, and many soul owls have left thrilling blood marks. Rain is falling, tears are flowing, and the torrent of history is advancing. With incomparable persistence and fanaticism, he planted an immortal fire in the hearts of Chinese children. However, the history of China is just a teacup. The dignitaries sitting in the palace gave a miserable laugh, and the pen tip was gently hooked, leaving a so-called perfection, as long as the water in the cup was still there.
The history of China is incomplete: despite the heroic spirit of the great river and the heroic spirit of the Yellow River, it only sticks to the water in the cup and dares not pour it-for fear that it will be too full; Dare not fall-afraid of bottoming out. A glass of water is always better. Even if you fall into one or two grains of sand and shake it, it is very clear. Water or water, it's still perfect. Little did I know that under this perfection, the roar of history turned into sobs, something called the soul turned into a ridiculous decoration, and the water turned into a stagnant water, leaving darkness and sadness-
The history of China is sad: sad willows, melancholy pipa and melancholy moon-this is a kind of irony and a kind of helplessness. China is so lonely. Since his descendants can't play grand symphonies, he can only hum one or two sad songs and feel sorry for himself. He hates it, and he wants to cry. However, it is still intact, only cold tears fall on his heart-the water in the cup is calm, but there is no ripple.
In such a history, water has stayed, but it has long lost its vitality; Perfection also stayed, but it became a kind of self-mockery. China people sacrificed their national spirit, and thought that they could create a perfection, but it turned into a farce ridiculously. I really don't know whether it is the sorrow of heaven or the sorrow of China people themselves.
China is unfortunate, because there are too many empty eyes, too many vacant expressions and too many deep thoughts of ease-this is a great tragedy in the history of China.
Of course, in this stagnant water, there will also be uneasy water drops. Qu Yuan does not seek perfection, Li Bai does not seek perfection, Du Fu does not seek perfection, and Lu Xun does not seek perfection. They jumped out of the teacups and merged into the rolling river. It is true that they are self-extinct, but they have gained eternity!
History is gone, the teacup is still there, and the water is turbid. Maybe it's time to break the teacup, and it's time to break the perfection. After all, there is still a raging fire burning in our hearts.
Pentium of the Yellow River water, please send out a thrilling roar again, please nourish the empty soul again, please awaken the true nature of the nation-and the long-lost national soul again!
The title is "cup-like perfection"
3. Write a composition around learning with the cup as the topic. First, put a stone with the same volume in the cup, and the gap between the stone and the cup can hold sand. When the glass is filled with stones and sand, the boy will inject water into the glass filled with stones and sand according to the scientific law that sand absorbs water and water can penetrate sand. In this way, from the beginning, the cup space was occupied by stones, then by sand and stones, and finally filled with water, sand and stones.
Stone, sand and water, three completely different but complementary objects, can fill an empty cup, but the premise must be to put the stone first, then the sand, and finally the water. In the story, the teacher broke this order and law, first put sand and water, and asked the students, "How to put the stone in the cup again?" . As a result, the boy who gave full play to his imagination just now did not have the "set" of middle school teachers. "The boy emptied the sand and water out of the cup and put the stone in first."
The boy's behavior, on the surface, is simple. Isn't it just repeating the first step? Why did that imaginative and innovative boy just now "follow the old path" and follow the rules this time? This kind of question is exactly what the story wants to give the reader. To paraphrase a popular saying, stone-sand-water fills the space of the cup to the maximum extent. In fact, it is the boy's scientific imagination that really fills the empty cup, and the boy's scientific imagination is based on the full grasp of the characteristics of objects and the full use of material characteristics, and on the law that science occupies space. "Science occupies space" here is actually the successful application of "comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development" Scientific Outlook on Development in a small physics experiment.
When the teacher put the stone in the first place, he asked the students for the first time if they were full. The boy said that if they are not full, they can put sand. What if the second thing in the cup is not sand but water? It is conceivable that a glass "full" of stones and water can no longer be filled with sand, and the "full" cup will overflow the water in the cup because it is full of sand.
An empty cup, when people give full play to their subjective initiative and scientific imagination, follow the order of "stone, sand and water" and follow the scientific laws derived from material characteristics, we can make the space of the cup the richest. On the other hand, if we ignore the inherent law of the influence relationship between things and just take it for granted, it will not only fail to achieve the expected purpose, but also be counterproductive.
Isn't the "Scientific Outlook on Development" embodied in the small cup also worthy of human reflection on major issues such as industrial and agricultural development, environmental protection and urban expansion? Why is the road getting wider and wider, but the traffic is getting more and more blocked? Why are high-rise residential areas more and more dense, while people's spiritual homes are more and more empty? Why is the water quality of Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake becoming more and more polluted today with advanced technology? Facts have proved that only by ignoring ecological balance and following scientific laws can "development" give full play to the potential of material characteristics, otherwise it will get twice the result with half the effort and even be "punished by civilization"
4. An 800-word argumentative essay on the quality of high school water.
Occasionally flip through magazines and have a casual glance:
"Teenagers like to drink soda, which is sweet and changeable, because teenagers don't know the taste of sadness; Young people like to drink coffee, which is bitter and sweet, fragrant and astringent, and has a very mature sense of * * * *; Middle-aged people love to drink tea, which is fragrant and quiet; Old people love to drink boiled water because it is extremely weak. "
However, I am not in my prime, but I love this boiled water.
-Write it in the front
As clear as the wind. As light as a cloud.
There is no reason to love drinking water.
Keep a quiet place alone. Enjoy a sense of security.
Happiness is rippling around the world.
I am a very simple person. Maybe this is love the water's way!
A person, quietly, holding a cup, put aside all other thoughts and work. Maybe just for a "quiet". But let the heart gallop and dream a "girl's dream" alone. Only then will I forget everything. As if the whole world belongs to me, as if in the clouds, in a trance, on cloud nine. ...
Clear water, pure water.
Purely because of purity, only purity is clear. The heart seems to have been washed, clear and pure. Take a sip and fall into reverie, as if you were in a refreshing state. ...
Romantic taste of water, poetic taste of water.
Clear water and pure water make people feel relaxed and forget all their troubles ... as if stepping into the "Taoyuan" world, vaguely, vaguely and poetically romantic. ...
Heart,
My thoughts are flying ...
Floating with romance.
Drinking water is a very detailed matter.
The right space, the right time, the right container and warm white water should all be right, so that we can taste the taste of water.
Even so, it's not enough. The most important thing: drinking water needs mood. Only in this way can we really taste the water.
Have you ever had the experience of "holding a stove in summer and eating watermelon in winter"?
It is hot and summer, and it is noon. All is silent.
Take a cup of boiled water. Sitting on the floor alone-holding the cup handle or holding the cup in your palm. Blow it away, plumes of hot air emerge from the cup, and the water waves sway slightly. Close your eyes slightly, open your lips and stick them on the cup, slowly absorb the heat in the cup and accumulate your chest and abdomen. Take a sip, like a hot spring trickling into the abdomen, like a spring rain dripping wet lungs, warm and fresh. ...
Ice and snow, the north wind is biting and the cold is biting.
Hold a cup of cold boiled water. A person walks in front of the railing-holding it or holding it with both hands. The wind rippled across the water. My eyes are dim, and I sip my mouth gently, like an ice spring slowly entering my abdomen, like frozen snow gradually melting and freezing cold. ...
Want to be poetic and romantic? Come with me-
The sun is warm and the wind is soft.
Jasmine is in full bloom, and the fragrance is diffuse.
Take a cup of boiled water in your hand.
Through the rolling fog, you can see the white elves laughing. This water also smells like jasmine.
Take a sip. That faint sweet fragrance permeates every part of the mouth and breeds. And the water is boiling hot, burning the whole body and mind, that kind of calm. ...
You might as well have a few bites. Let the boiling water flow happily until the heart is burning. What a great comfort. ...
It's like being in a quiet forest and mountain stream. When you close your eyes, you can hear cicadas and birds singing, as well as the artistic conception of "cicada singing makes Lin Jing more secluded". The burning heart is also moving, which comes from the deep heart and sublimates into the heart. ...
Tears, then silently covered the cheeks ... only know that this moment is very touched, very touched. ...
Fill it with water.
The wind rippled.
The mist drifted away with the wind. There is a faint fragrance flowing in the soft wind, which is more and more mellow. Immersed in the heart and spleen, permeating the whole body ... with the joy of finally making a positive result through hardships. ...
The more mellow this water is, the sweeter it is. That mellow and sweet, clear and light, beyond the world. ...
I am also outside the cloud nine. ...
Until the sweat slowly gushed out and the body became weak. ...
A glass of water tastes life!
Someone once said, "tea is always the drink of the wise." Because tea is a kind of thing, it can bring people into a realm of contemplation of life. However, the water I tasted was clear and light, pure and clean, neither fragrant nor astringent, neither bitter nor sweet ... just like life.
"If you are not indifferent, you will have no ambition. If you are not quiet, you will be far away."
Everything is brewed in clear and light, sublimated in pure and clean, not floating or sinking, like riding a wild crane, like riding a light cloud, leisurely and fast!
Addicts, fanatics, hazy people, trying to sip boiling water. ...
5. The composition with the title of "water cup" is a reverse thinking about a water cup.
On my birthday, my mother gave me a cup. Every time I see this cup, I think of it.
On my birthday, when we came together, we found a small and beautiful cup on the edge of the table. When I look at this cup, it's a little funny. The top of the cup is bigger, and the bottom is much smaller than the top! It can still stand up. There are many flowers painted on the cup, which are colorful and very beautiful. There is also a pleasant goat on it, which is really interesting. I use this cup as a drinking cup. When I drink water, those flowers are just like real ones, emitting a clear fragrance, which makes me love it more!
At noon, my mother got off work and was looking for a cup to drink. When she saw the cup in my hand, she was surprised and said, "How do you drink from my cup?" I'm confused. "Isn't this cup mine?" "No, my cup is broken. I bought another one. " Mom replied. I am very disappointed. I thought it was a birthday present from my mother, but they don't remember my birthday. Mom seemed to know my mind, nodded and turned to do things in the bedroom.
The next morning, my mother left first. After getting up, I found the cup beside the bed. There was a note under the cup, which read: Sorry, son, I forgot yesterday was your birthday, so I gave you this cup as a gift! "After I saw it, I turned anger into joy.
I finally got this beautiful cup. My mother's love for me is so strong.
6. Ask to write a 600-word explanatory article on the topic of cups, and write an explanatory article.
I have a magic color-changing cup.
I have a magic color-changing cup, which is a white porcelain cup. It is unique in that there are four black MSN images with different postures on the surface of the cup.
When the cup is filled with boiling water, these four magical little people will show different colors. There are red, yellow, green and blue, and they also have their own unique pose, which is very popular. On the right of the cup handle, there is a man with a bright red body. He holds a pen in his right hand and wears a white headscarf with the words "Come on" written on it. On his right, there is a woman in yellow. She has a mirror in her right hand and lipstick in her left. There is a "big boss" on her right. He was blue all over, with a bow behind his hands and on his chest. Finally, a man with emerald hair appeared, with an abacus in his hand and glasses. How can it change color for no reason? In fact, it is not an ordinary cup. Its manufacture has a profound physical foundation; Its secret lies in that the cup is made of temperature-sensitive material (the temperature-sensitive material is to coat the vinyl chloride polymer solution containing thermochromic microcapsules on the surface of the cup, heat the solution to gel, and obtain the reversible thermochromic function). So the black figure on the cup is slightly concave. It can withstand the high temperature of 320 degrees! Because the heat-sensitive liquid is in the inner layer of the cup, it does not contact with the beverage in the cup, that is, it will not cause pollution. Because this is a closed space, volatile liquid can't run out, so it can be used indefinitely.
There are many kinds of color-changing cups, mainly divided into ordinary color-changing cups and full color-changing cups. An ordinary color-changing cup means that only a part of the cup can change color. All-color-changing cups, as the name implies, are cups that change color all over except the handle. It is divided into cold color changing cup, hot color changing cup and water changing cup. A cold color-changing cup will change color when the water temperature is below 20 degrees. When the water temperature is above 40 degrees, the color of the thermal color-changing cup will change. Changing a cup means that once it is filled with water, the color will change whether it is hot or cold. The price is similar. Ordinary color-changing cups only cost a dozen or twenty dollars on Taobao. The full color-changing cup is almost the same as the ordinary color-changing cup, which is about 20 yuan. I can't buy a cup that changes color in water for the time being.
This color-changing cup is my exclusive baby! I cherish it very much!
Please write an article on the topic of "water".
Life is like water, some like a rough sea, some like a stream flowing slowly through a hillside; Some are like fragrant tea, some are like light and meaningful boiled water, but for me, what I believe most is that boiled water. Whenever the summer is hot and the heat is pressing, drinking a bowl of boiled water is not only thirst-quenching, but also refreshing, sweet and meaningful. For a long time, I was childlike. I always like to drink coke, sprite and juice. When did these prosperous and noble drinks disappear before my eyes? I don't know, but I really like the feeling of drinking boiled water.
Young people love poetry, middle-aged people appreciate novels, and old people like prose, which is the tempering and choice of time. I once loved poetry. I like Li Bai's romantic elegance, Du Fu's depression and frustration, Liu Yong's sadness and sadness, and Su Shi's bold and profound, but I just don't understand Tao Yuanming's prosaic poems, but I conquered the people of China for so long and occupied an important position in the magnificent literary history. As I grew older, I also fell in love with Tao Yuanming's poems inadvertently. His ethereal spirit, his tranquility, his simplicity, his nature and his taste are all indifferent, but he is chewy. I finally understand what kind of mood and character can be written so quietly, fresh and profound, but I still can't help it. Tao Yuanming really works day and night in the early morning, so why sigh that "beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean seedlings"? The implication is that his farming is "the meaning of drunkenness is not wine", but he is just experiencing the cool morning, facing the picturesque sunrise with the crisp birds singing, and enjoying the leisure of working in the field. As for whether the grass has been pulled clean, whether the field has been hoed, and whether the crops have thrived, it is not his concern. He just keeps looking for that kind of leisure mood and randomness. The lightness of Tao poetry is a bleak management, a light tea with a few wisps of fragrance; It is also a glass of white water, and the sweet taste seems to be there. For the ideal of life, I am struggling to find a peach blossom garden from "if there is light" to "suddenly enlightened". Beauty is really hard to tell you in detail, so you can only hold your breath and savor it slowly. This is a portrayal of life.
Not everyone can taste meaningful taste from boiled water, but Mr. Yu Dafu did it. He rushed from Zhejiang to Qingdao and from Qingdao to Peiping for only one reason, that is, he wanted to have a taste of autumn in his old capital. He deserves to be everyone. He doesn't choose the red maple leaves all over Xiangshan or the white reed flowers in Taoranting. He just made a cup of green tea and sat alone in the dilapidated yard, feeling the autumn of the old capital wholeheartedly, from the blue flowers of morning glory, from the falling buds of Sophora japonica, from half a red date, from the unprovoked autumn rain, and even from the broom to sweep the silk thread left by the yard at will. Yes, you can't deeply feel what you don't need to savor. In the autumn of the old capital, because I met Yu Dafu, a talented man from the south of the Yangtze River, I had a unique flavor and permanent charm. This is really a valuable life insight.
"Teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow, for new poetry" is simple, but it is more difficult to taste the taste of boiled water. People who can write "It's really cool, what an autumn" have tasted all kinds of flavors. It takes many, many years to understand that only in light can there be a taste, and the taste of white water is eternal. Teenagers often pursue * * * things, love them to death, and do them vigorously, hoping that "the climbers will gather", but they don't know that "the true meaning of life is dull, and peace is true." Savoring this song "Cool Wind and Good Autumn" is more charming than that song "A Stream of Smoke, Full City Wind, Plum Yellow Rain". Offer a cup of boiled water, because it is common, because it is easy to get, because it is meaningful.
8. Writing a composition on the enlightenment of teacups and cups and pots A disappointed man came all the way to Famen Temple and said to the host, monk Shi Yuan, "I wholeheartedly want to learn from Dan Qing, but so far I have not found a satisfactory teacher. Many people are nominal, and some painting skills are not as good as mine. "
Shi Yuan smiled and said, "Although I don't know painters, I love to collect some famous works. Since the donor's painting skills are not inferior to those of famous artists, please leave a treasure for the old monk. "
The young man asked, "What are you drawing?"
Shi Yuan said: "The biggest hobby of the old monk is to taste tea, especially those simple tea sets with smooth shapes. Can the donor draw me a teacup and teapot? " The young man listened and said, "It's not easy." So the rice paper was spread out, and a few strokes were painted into oblique kettles and elegant teacups. The spout of the kettle is slowly spitting out a vein of tea and pouring it into the teacup. The young man asked, "Are you satisfied with this painting?"
Shi Yuan smiled and shook his head and said, "Your painting is good, but you put the teapot and teacup in the wrong place. It should be the teacup above and the teapot below. " Hearing this, the young man smiled and said, "Why is Master so confused? Where can I fill the teapot with water? "
Shi Yuan listened: "So you know this truth! You are eager to fill your cup with the painter's fragrant tea, but you always put your cup higher than those teapots. How to pour fragrant tea into your cup? Jane put down her body to get water; Only by lowering yourself can people absorb the wisdom and experience of others. "
The young man thought for a long time and finally understood.
9. Write an 800-word friendship composition (I broke my friend's cup and swept away the debris that fell to the ground; Bring a mop and put the flowing tea leaves on the ground.
Drag off; Take a rag and wipe the stain off the table.
After cleaning up, I pretended to sit in the living room and watch TV as if nothing had happened, although I was expressionless.
Love, in fact, is uneasy, like being weighed down by a big stone.
Mom will be right back. Go to the coffee table. My head is sweating and my heart is sweating.
The rabbit is skipping. "Oh, where's my cup?" She was puzzled and turned around.
Looking in the west, I saw the fragments of her precious cup in the trash can, and I knew it at once.
Yes Call me over and ask, "Do you know where that cup is?" My heart suddenly
A surprised: "Ah? I don't ... I don't know. " Hearing this, my mother kindly said to me:
"Everyone makes mistakes, so it's nothing unusual. However, if
It is wrong to treat mistakes wrongly after making them. "I decided to tell my mother everything.
He added, "Mom, I'm sorry, I was wrong." Then he lowered his head and waited.
The coming of the storm. Strangely, the "storm" didn't come, but came instead.
The sun is shining. "It doesn't matter, my mother would rather break a few cups than.
May you lie. Knowing that you are wrong and admitting it is a good boy! "Listen to your mother.