Mainly the Westernization Movement led by the landlord class. In the early days of the Westernization Movement, a number of modern military enterprises were established under the banner of "self-improvement". Later, under the banner of "seeking wealth", a number of civilian industries were set up. At the same time, due to the needs of the Westernization Movement, modernization began to penetrate from the economic field to the fields of science and technology, culture and talent education.

With the fiasco of the Sino-Japanese War, the modernization exploration of the Qing government represented by the Westernization Movement failed.

Stage characteristics: the protagonist of the landlord class westernization school undertaking the modernization task; The field is mainly the economic field, learning advanced western technology.

2. Overall development stage (1895- 19 19)

Learning advanced western science and technology culture and reforming social system are organically combined to carry out modernization in the economic, political and cultural fields.

Stage characteristics: the bourgeoisie is the backbone of the modernization task at this stage; The most prominent field is in the political field; Economically, national industries have made great progress; Ideologically and culturally, the concept of democracy and republicanism is deeply rooted in people's hearts.

3. Stages of tortuous progress (19 19- 1949)

In the extremely acute and complicated historical environment of class struggle and national struggle, modernization has been carried out with difficulty, and at the same time, it has added new connotations.

Stage characteristics: The proletariat began to undertake the task of China modernization, and China modernization entered a new stage of development.

4. Take-off phase (1949 till now)

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the people of China * * * * explored the road of socialist construction and finally found the right way to build a Socialism with Chinese characteristics. China's modernization has entered a stage of rapid development.

China is advancing healthily along the road of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization.

Extended data:

65438 20201On October 29th, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of China adopted the Communiqué of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of China.

The plenary session proposed to adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall situation of China's modernization drive, take self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology as the strategic support for national development, face the world's scientific and technological frontier, face the country's major needs, and face people's lives and health, thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents, and driving development through innovation, improve the national innovation system, and accelerate the construction of a strong country through science and technology.

It is necessary to strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, enhance the technological innovation ability of enterprises, stimulate the innovation vitality of talents, and improve the system and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation.