Feudal system: The ancient "emperors" in China distributed the land to the children of the royal family, heroes or descendants of the ancient emperors. The fiefs were called vassal states, fiefs or vassal states, and the monarchs who ruled the fiefs were called princes and princes.
In order to maintain the rule, the enfeoffment system stipulated that governors must:
(1) obey the orders of Emperor Zhou;
(2) the vassals have the obligation to defend Zhou's territory;
3 follow the battle;
4 tribute;
(5) the obligation of pilgrimage.
At the same time, the governors were enfeoffed with the Qing doctor in their respective governments. Then, Dr. Qing distributed the land and people to scholars. Dr. Qing and scholars should also undertake obligations such as fighting at the next higher level. In this way, layers of enfeoffment system continued, forming a strict hierarchical system of "Tian Zi-vassal-QingDafu-scholar" within the aristocratic ruling class.
2. Shang Dynasty:
(1) The Shang Dynasty practiced the official system. There were two kinds of official positions in Shang dynasty: Chinese and Korean official positions and foreign official positions. Among the internal officials, there are external court administrators and internal court administrators. The highest administrative officer is the "phase" who assists the Shang king in making decisions, also known as "A", "Bao" and "Yin".
(2) When the Shang Dynasty implemented the tribute system, there was also labor rent to "help farming", that is, farmers were required to help plow the common land (native land), and all the income was earned by the rulers, accounting for about one tenth of the farmers' income.
Yin collected taxes to enrich Lutai and the giant bridge. The political idea of Shang Dynasty is the political thought under the shadow of theocracy, and the rulers of Shang Dynasty "respect ghosts" and "respect gods". The highest political principle pursued is to govern the country according to the will of the gods and ghosts.
3. Zhou dynasty:
(1) centralized system. Zhou had great power over the vassals, who could still obey the tribute. In the thirteenth year of Zuo Zhuan, it was said: "In the past, emperors paid tribute in classes, while the emperors paid tribute in columns, and the weekly system was also established." In addition to gunnar, you need to make a pilgrimage to report on your work and send troops to sign it. The Emperor of Zhou had the right to interfere in the internal affairs of the vassal state, and sometimes sent envoys to the vassal state to supervise the state, which together with the vassal state was called "the vassal supervised the state".
(2) the patriarchal clan system. According to the patriarchal clan system of the Zhou Dynasty, clans were divided into large and small clans.
Zhou Wang claimed to be the son of heaven, calling himself the greatest Sect in the world. Except for the eldest son, all the sons of the son of heaven were made princes. The vassal was a small clan to Tiandi, but it was a big clan in his feudal country. The prince's other sons were named Doctor Qing. Doctor Qing was a small clan to the princes, but it was a big clan in his fief. The same is true from young doctors to scholars.
(3) Well site system. Roads and canals crisscross, dividing the land into squares shaped like "wells", so it is called "minefield". The mining field belongs to the king of Zhou and is distributed to the people. The Lord can not buy or sell, not transfer the mine field, but also pay a certain tribute.
(4) Rites and music system.
During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the "ceremony" was developed and reformed by the nobles according to the customs and habits of the patriarchal clan system at the end of primitive society, as a means to rule the people and consolidate the internal relations of the nobles.
The purpose is to maintain its patriarchal clan system, monarchical power, clan power, husband power and divine power, and it has the function of maintaining the hereditary system and hierarchical system of the nobility and strengthening the rule.
Extended data
Xia Dynasty was built on the ruins of primitive social system.
In the process of the gradual disintegration of the primitive tribal system, the patriarchal clan system has become a destructive force, because the hereditary kingship and hereditary nobility of the hereditary country have gradually developed on the basis of the patriarchal clan system.
Therefore, after the formation of the country, aristocratic organizations at all levels should still maintain the old blood relationship and strictly distinguish surnames. The royal family enfeoffed tribes, in addition to maintaining their own surnames, but also established new surnames with fiefs, and doctors took the city as their surnames.
Among the nobles at all levels, according to the different surnames, their respective clan relations were established. Although this clan relationship follows the legacy of the old clan organization, it is actually based on the patriarchal clan system, and the hierarchical status of nobles at all levels is determined according to their class rank and family affiliation.
In the middle of Xia Dynasty, Wang Hai, the sixth grandson of Qi State, made the influence of merchants gradually stronger through commercial trade. At the end of Xia dynasty, the influence of Shang dynasty developed from the lower reaches of the Yellow River to the middle reaches, and penetrated into the ruling areas of Xia dynasty. Shang Tang, the 14th generation Sun of Qi State, went out and returned to establish the Shang Dynasty with "Shang" as its title.
When the monarch of 10 was in Zhong Ding, the capital of Shang dynasty began to move frequently. When I arrived in Pan Geng, I moved my capital to North Mongolia and renamed it Yin. The capital stabilized and was established here for 273 years. Therefore, Shang Dynasty was called Yin or Yin Shang by later generations.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Chunqiu, an ancient bamboo book, and other early documents all called this dynasty "Shang", while Shangshu, Historical Records and other documents called the Shang Dynasty "Yin". Both of these statements were found in the documents of the pre-Qin period.
During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, this edition of bamboo books and other documents was called "Yin Shang". In the pre-Qin literature, Shang Gao used "big stick sound" to refer to Zhou, and both "Zhou Bang" and "My Little Bang Zhou" in the big stick refer to Zhou Guo. However, among the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed at present, there is no Oracle Bone Inscriptions that can be interpreted as "Yin".
"Dayi Merchants" or "Tianyi Merchants" are the honorifics of merchants to the ancient capital of Shang Dynasty (now Shangqiu) where the ancestral temple of Shang Dynasty is located. In the war, they called their troops "businessmen". It is not clear whether businessmen refer to the whole country or ethnic groups.
Before the demise of Shang Dynasty, Zhou tribe originated from Huaxia (Han nationality). Due to the intrusion of nomadic tribes such as Rong and Di, Gu Gongqi (Qi D·M 4N), the leader of Zhou tribe, led Zhou people to settle in the lower plain of Qishan (now the northeast of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province).
Living in the Weihe River Basin (Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province), his ancestor Ji abandoned Hou Ji, who is known as the agricultural god. Shuowen said that "Huangdi lived in Jishui River (Qishui River in Wugong County, central Shaanxi Province, and Qishui River near huangling county in northern Shaanxi Province, both of which are tributaries of Weihe River), taking Ji as his surname, and Zhou people inherited his surname".
Is the language ancient Chinese, written language or ancient Chinese characters? In folk notes, tortoise bones and ox bones are still the main ones, while the royal family mainly uses new brocade and silk. The Zhou Dynasty established the enfeoffment system (the founding of the People's Republic of China), and the king of Zhou was "the world's co-owner".
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xia Dynasty
Baidu encyclopedia-Shang dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhou Dynasty