History of Adult College Entrance Examination in Shandong Province —— Introduction of historical events in Han Dynasty
1. The rule of Wenjing
The rulers in the early Han dynasty personally participated in the peasant war in the late Qin dynasty, witnessed the great power of the brutal Qin dynasty in the peasant uprising, and paid attention to drawing lessons from the demise of the Qin dynasty. In addition, after years of war, the social economy has been greatly damaged and it is urgent to resume production. In order to consolidate the rule and restore the social and economic development, the rulers in the early Han Dynasty implemented the policy of recuperation.
(1) Emperor Gaozu: ① Demobilized soldiers went home to give birth and were exempted from corvee for several years. (2) Let the people who fled in the war go home and restore the original farmland houses. (3) Release people who are sold into slavery because of hunger as civilians. (4) Reduce the land rent and implement fifteen taxes and one tax. That is, one-fifteenth of the harvest is harvested every year.
(2) During the reign of Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi, they continued to implement the "rest and recuperation policy" at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, reduced rents to encourage farming, advocated frugality and reduced penalties. Deng Wendi and Du Jing attach importance to agricultural production. Emperor Jing wrote: agriculture is the foundation of the world, gold, pearls and jade, hunger can not be eaten, cold can not be clothed, not as good as grain, silk and hemp; Emperor Wen reduced the land rent to 30 taxes twice, and even did not collect land rent for more than ten years; Emperor Wen advocated frugality and tried to avoid waste; Emperor Wen also reduced the punishment, canceling "sitting together" and corporal punishment of residual limbs. In this way, social production has been developed, class contradictions have been relatively eased, and there has been a famous prosperous situation in China feudal society-"the rule of culture and scenery".
2. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty
After Emperor Wu ascended the throne, he carried out a series of measures to realize feudal unification. (1) Politics: ① Reform the official system, form internal and external dynasties, and strengthen imperial power. (2) Select a large number of talents, attach importance to the appointment and assessment of officials, implement the secretariat system, and strengthen the court's control over local bureaucrats. (3) Weaken the power of the kingdom and strengthen the power of the central government. (4) Strengthen and improve the feudal legal system, crack down on the powerful landlord forces and maintain the feudal social order. (2) Military aspect: ① Sending troops to Xiongnu changed the passive position of the Han Dynasty in the relationship with Xiongnu. ② March into South Vietnam and set up nine counties such as Nanhai. (3) Economically: ① Reforming the monetary system and casting five baht as the national legal tender. (2) Salt and iron are run by the government, and the production and sales are monopolized by the state. (3) stabilize prices, levy business tax and property tax on industrial and commercial enterprises, and so on. (4) Ideology: ① Adopt Dong Zhongshu's suggestion and implement "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", that is, respecting Confucianism and advocating unification. Confucianism has since become the ruling ideology of the Western Han Dynasty. (2) Established two levels of official schools, namely, the central imperial college and the local county Chinese studies, and established the feudal official school system in China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty advocated the rule of law while respecting Confucianism. Respecting Confucianism and respecting law is the fundamental thought of his administration. In a word, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a very talented feudal emperor. Under his unification, the centralization of doctrine was strengthened unprecedentedly, and the rule of the Western Han Dynasty reached its peak.
3. Guangxu Zhongxing
In AD 25, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, with Luoyang as its capital, which was known as the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. In order to ease class contradictions, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu adjusted his ruling policy: ordering the release of handmaiden and prohibiting the abuse of handmaiden; Reduce taxes and restore the land tax system of thirty taxes and one tax in the western Han dynasty; Abolish Wang Mang's exorbitant taxes; Rectify official management and advocate thrift. During the ten years of his rule, a stable situation appeared in the whole country, which was called "sharing weal and woe" in history.
4. Western region of Khufu
In 60 BC, the Western Han Dynasty established the Western Regions' Capital Protection Office to manage the western regions militarily and politically and protect business travel, which was the beginning of the formal ownership of the western regions by the central government.
5. Silk Road
In the Han Dynasty, the areas west of Yumenguan and Yangguan in Gansu, east of Congling in Xinjiang and north and south of Tianshan Mountain were called the Western Regions. At that time, ten regimes of Daijoni in the Western Regions were enslaved by Huns, so they could not have normal economic and cultural exchanges with the Han Dynasty. In order to remove the threat of Xiongnu to the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi contacted Da Yue to attack Xiongnu and sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions. Zhang Qian therefore went to the Western Regions.
Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions. 1 was sent to the western regions in BC 138. He started from Chang 'an with 100 people and passed through the area controlled by Xiongnu. He was detained by the Huns and it took him ten years to escape. By this time, the Yue family had moved westward and did not want to attack the Huns. Zhang Qian couldn't get the result. Back in the Han Dynasty, there were only two people. But this time, Zhang Qian learned about the western countries and their desire to communicate with the Han Dynasty. The second mission to the Western Regions was in 1 19 BC. Zhang Qian led 300 people to follow him. They visited western countries respectively. The regimes of all ethnic groups in the western regions also sent people to follow the Han envoys to pay a return visit to the Han Dynasty. Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions was successful.
All the above are about "202 1 History of Adult College Entrance Examination in Shandong-Introduction of Historical Events in Han Dynasty".
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