Perennial swamp herbs

This entry is a polysemous word with two meanings.

Popular Science China | This entry is reviewed by the entry writing and application project of Popular Science China.

Review expert Zhao Lei

Mat grass, commonly known as Arnebia euchroma, was called Juncus in ancient times. It is a perennial marsh herb, belonging to Juncaceae. Its underground roots are horizontal, with slender and dense fibrous roots. Stems erect, solitary, thin columnar, knotless, and leaves degenerate. The stem is full of white pith, tough and elastic, suitable for making mats.

Another name

Stone grass and rushes

gingkgo

Mat grass

Latin scientific name

Mat grass

boundary

plant kingdom

The branch of academic or vocational research.

Juncaceae

The imperial straw mats in the Forbidden City come from Suzhou. How did the ancients enjoy the cool? The sheets are too hot and the mats are too cold. In this big summer, for old Suzhou, nothing is more pleasant than straw mats. An ordinary Suzhou summer sleeping mat must be hand-woven with more than 20 thousand summer sleeping mats, and the materials and production are extremely particular. What's more worth mentioning is that Suzhou straw mats became popular thousands of years ago. Now the only straw mat left by the Forbidden City for Ganlong Garden is the closed seat from Huguan, Suzhou! Changyi is the south of the Yangtze River.

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Brief introduction to the distribution range of morphological characteristics and the reference materials of the cultivation history of TA value theory

brief introduction

Mat grass, called "Juncus" in ancient times, is a perennial herb belonging to Juncaceae. Its underground roots are horizontal, with slender and dense fibrous roots. The stems are round, uniform in thickness from top to bottom, clustered, and high 100 ~ 150 cm. Mat grass is cold-resistant, and will not freeze to death at -6 ~-7℃. It is afraid of high temperature and its growth will stagnate at 35℃. The optimum growth temperature is about 20℃. Mats are widely used, except for weaving mats, straw hats, fans, straw baskets, carpets, sandals, straw boxes and so on. It can also be used as raw material for advanced typing paper, offset paper and capacitor paper. The harvest time of mat grass is generally from mid-June to mid-July. [ 1]

morphological character

Grass stems are smooth and slender, uniform in thickness, thin in wall and thin in core, moderate in hardness, long in fiber, elastic, good in tension, bright in color and rich in fragrance. It is an excellent natural green plant fiber.

Perennial herbs. 40~80 cm high. The stems are erect, tufted and triangular. One leaf near the base, degenerated into leaf sheath, membranous and triangular at the apex. Spikelets are ovoid, oblong, mostly clustered into heads, lodging on stems, and scales are ovoid and light brown. Nutlets are dark brown when they are ripe. [2]

distribution range

Distributed all over the world. China is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Taiwan Province, Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan (Hengshan County), Fujian, Hubei and Jiangxi. Kansai in Jiangsu, Ningxi in Ningbo and Taiwan Province Province are the most famous.

value

China has a long history of cultivation, with the south of the Yangtze River as the main producing area. North Korea and Japan are also cultivated. High quality woven materials. Mainly used for weaving summer sleeping mats. Taiwan Province banquet in Taiwan Province Province, Ningxi banquet in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province and Kansai banquet in Hushu, Jiangsu Province are the most famous in China. You can also weave straw hats, fans, carpets, bags and other handicrafts. You can also make high-grade paper. The pith can be used as pillow core and wick. Drying grass is an important link to ensure quality, and it needs strong light to dry quickly to prevent discoloration and deterioration. It usually dries in two days. On the first day, we should "sun early, harvest late and turn over at noon", and on the second day, we should "sun late and harvest early and turn over at noon". After heating, put it in the warehouse for stacking, and dry it again in 7~ 15 days. In case of rain, it should be placed vertically outdoors, not piled indoors, so as not to turn yellow when heated. Classification is mainly based on the length of grass stems, combined with the tenacity of grass quality, the uniformity of grass color thickness, the existence and quantity of flowering, moth-eaten grass and yellow-tipped grass. Grades vary from place to place. Storage requirements should be kept very dry, and dry, airtight, rain-proof and rodent-free warehouses must be selected. On the day of storage, the dried straw or wheat straw is about 30 cm thick. Bundles of straw are arranged tightly around the wall, then the mat is laid flat on it and compacted without leaving any gap, and the top layer is still covered with straw. [3]

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Mat grass

Cultivation history

China has a long history of cultivating and utilizing Juncus Juncus. In the Tang Dynasty, Ning left Korea. Japanese seating skills were also taught by China. Juncus is a long-day plant, which likes cool and humid climate and is cold-resistant. Planted in shallow water. Reproduce by branching. It takes about 260 days from transplanting to harvesting. It can also be used as raw material for papermaking, and pith can be used as pillow core and wick; You can take medicine. Typha latifolia is a herb of Typha in Cyperaceae. China is produced in Guangdong and Guangxi. Vietnam, Sri Lanka and other countries are also distributed. Cyperaceae is the plant that makes the most seats. In addition to cattail, there are also Chinese alpine rush, water hyacinth flower, firefly grass, water onion and so on.

Guanmei Town, known as "the hometown of mat grass in China", is one of the most important mat grass planting and processing bases in the world. The planting and primary processing of mat grass has always been the main source of income for local farmers and the pillar of local agricultural industrial economy.