(2) Phenomenon: After the opening of the new air route, a large number of precious metals flowed into Spain and Portugal. Influence: It caused "commercial revolution" and "price revolution", accelerated the disintegration of feudal system in western Europe and promoted the further development of capitalist relations of production.

(3) The economic development between developing countries in the southern hemisphere and developed countries in the northern hemisphere or between the north and the south is unbalanced.

(4)1the influence of the industrial revolution in the middle of the 8th century; /kloc-In the second half of the 20th century, capitalism expanded to the outside world and brought the world economy into the international division of labor system.

(5) forced to open the country, involved in the world market or become a colony or semi-colony; Carry out political and economic reforms and embark on the capitalist road.