Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Jiuli Lake has formed the custom of praying for dreams, which was called "sleeping" by the ancients and became a strange phenomenon in tourism culture. Influenced by the ultra-left ideological trend, some people keep this custom of praying for dreams secret for a long time, and regard it as superstition and so on. In fact, the formation and existence of this custom is people's worship of the beauty of nature and the exploration of the true meaning of life, which conforms to the law of cultural development.
Jiuli Lake is as quiet as a fairyland. Whether you are a senior official or an ordinary person, you will find a wonderful dream when you come here for one night. "All living beings have no dreams, and dreams are more secluded here alone", which shows the inevitable connection between Jiuli Lake and the custom of praying for dreams.
As celebrities of all ages came to Jiuli Lake to pray for dreams, a large number of dream-praying poems were handed down from generation to generation, which greatly promoted the formation and development of dream-praying customs. After thousands of years of inheritance, relatively fixed customs and rituals have been formed, such as fasting, cleansing, drinking tea, burning incense, enjoying the scenery, seeking dreams, interpreting dreams, making wishes and so on. Especially the interpretation of dreams is worth studying. Since ancient times, dreams have been interpreted by Taoist priests or monks who know the world well. Explaining the content of dreams in the name of the Nine Immortals gives people guidance, confusion and comfort, which is actually a kind of psychological suggestion or psychotherapy.
Dreams originate from the environment, and the environment is strange because of dreams. The custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake and tourism in Jiuli Lake promote each other, and * * * breeds * * * brilliance. Nowadays, Jiuli Lake has become a famous scenic spot in Fujian, and tourists generally stay in accordance with the custom to pray for their dreams, which has increased tourism consumption and become a law to promote the development of tourism.
The custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake involves many fields such as history, culture, tourism, folklore and psychology. It has important values such as inheritance, folklore and academic. , in line with the basic characteristics of intangible cultural heritage. For a long time, due to misunderstanding, this custom has gradually declined because it has not been advocated. It should be scientifically recognized and included in the list of intangible cultural heritage protection.
The custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake has been spread in Jiuli Lake scenic area for thousands of years and has become a strange phenomenon in Jiuli Lake tourism culture. This custom, with the appearance of many nine immortals shrines in Jiuli Lake, covered the whole fairyland and affected both at home and abroad.
The custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake originated in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty and Ming and Qing Dynasties. Looking through the relevant historical materials, there has been 1300 years of historical research. We can see Tong Zhi, Ba Min Tong Zhi, Xi 'an Zhi and Xinghua Fu Zhi in Song Dynasty, Huang, Fang Yingshu and Ke in Ming Dynasty, Xu Lijiu in Qing Dynasty and Republic of China. We can see Zheng in Tang Dynasty, Cai Xiang in Song Dynasty, Xu Duo in Yuan Dynasty, Ji Zheng, Ye Gao Xiang, Chen Jingbang, Huang Zongzhao, Chen Qian and Luo Lun in Ming Dynasty, Wu Kun, Shi Yantian, Chen Longguang and Chen Julu in Qing Dynasty, and Guo Feng in modern times.
Ji Xu, a scholar of Tang Zhenyuan, said in the poem "Visit Jiuli Lake": "After the mountain people leave, they wake up early." Zheng, a poet and ancient historian in the late Tang Dynasty, also wrote in the same poem: "I came here not to dream of Handan, but to drink and chat with Zheng Pufeng." It can be seen here that the custom of praying for dreams appeared in Jiuli Lake in the Tang Dynasty.
Song Dynasty was the period when the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake prevailed. The book "On Dreams" written by Chen Shu, an imperial envoy of Xianyou Ji Temple, talks about the wonder of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake. Ling You, the master of the nine immortals, was a scholar-bureaucrat of Xingfu, Zhang Quan and Quan Quan, fasting in the temple and praying for endless dreams. This shows that the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake at that time was very attractive among Fujian literati. Liang Lu, the magistrate of Xinghua County in the Song Dynasty, said in "Nine Li Hu Records": "All the people who visit Jiuli Lake today take the temple (Longzhi Temple) as a place for feasting, and the monks in the temple are overwhelmed." Longji Temple, located in the northwest corner of the pre-hospital village about 1km away from Jiuli Lake, was built in the Tang Dynasty. Tang Zhaozong gave the name "Longji Hospital". The original nine large-scale temples. Cai Xiang, a great scholar of Ming Temple in Song Dynasty, stayed in the temple after visiting Jiuli Lake that year and wrote this poem: "A monk is 95 years old and walks for a hundred years." It can be seen that there are many tourists praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake in the Song Dynasty.
Qilu, the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty, said in the poem "Visit Jiuli Lake": "I would like to borrow a pillow to spread the immortal spirit after ten years of service." In a word, the reasons for the formation of the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake are exhausted.
By the Ming Dynasty, the atmosphere of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake was even worse. Ji Zheng, a senior minister of the Ming Dynasty, described it in his "Debate on Fairy Dreams": "From Pubu to Fujian, the world is obsessed; Scholar-bureaucrats come here by letter. " This shows that this custom has surpassed Fujian and influenced the world at that time. Therefore, Zhou and Gu Dadian from Jiangsu, Wang Bi from Zhejiang, the top scholar from Jiangxi, the gifted scholar from the south of the Yangtze River and Xu Xiake from Jiangsu all came here to explore the secluded places and seek dreams, leaving many touching stories. Ji Zheng also left a meeting in Shinan, Penglai and Jiuli Lake. He thanked Qian Zhongshu for his wild interest in finding immortals. The inscription "The lake light contains all kinds of dreams, and the soul flows with the world" highly summarizes the infinite charm of the scenery and dreams of Jiuli Lake. In the poems of past dynasties, we can see many songs about the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake, such as "someone in Jiuli Lake fights for dreams", "tourists pray for dreams at night", "all the horses and chariots in the world are because of dreams" and "indifferent, but the dreams are bright". During the Ming, Jiaqing and Qing Dynasties, in order to alleviate the pressure of tourists who came to Jiuli Lake to pray for their dreams, the direct commander Li Yuanyang specifically advocated the construction of Yingxian Prefecture in the northeast of Jiuxian Temple in Jiuli Lake, and Cai Shanji, the magistrate of Xinghua, advocated the construction of Juxi Prefecture nearby.
In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake attracted countless tourists. From the poem "Nine Li Hu Fu" written by Chen Julu during the Qianlong period, we can see one thing: "Peach blossoms are there, spring scenery is in the north, and it is amazing to open and close with the misty clouds. Only the scenery and the way to know, I believe in the dust, but don't rush ... As for the pillow, remind everyone that there are many dreams in the world, and you can swim according to the picture. " Here, "strive to lie down and swim like a picture" vividly describes people rushing to visit Jiuli Lake in order to pray for their dreams in accordance with established customs. "Sleep" has become the characteristic of the trip to Jiuli Lake, and praying for dreams has become the ultimate goal of the trip to Jiuli Lake.
During the Republic of China, Lian Guomin government officials Yan Jiagan and Li Zongren also went to Jiuli Lake to pray for their dreams. Famous artists such as Zhang Daqian and Xu Beihong also visited Jiuli Lake first and then, which shows the far-reaching influence.
After the founding of New China, the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake gradually declined, especially during the Cultural Revolution, which was almost banned. However, the local Puxian people still insist on going to Jiuli Lake to find their dreams, and tourists have never stopped, maintaining this custom. Since the reform and opening up, many ideas have been imprisoned, and the revival of the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake has promoted the construction of Jiuli Lake Scenic Area. This phenomenon can be confirmed in the poems of Cai Qijiao, a famous modern poet: "Ah, Jiuli Lake, how strange your scenery is. In the past, you were a mystery, saying who ascended to heaven here, the immortal left footprints, and the small temple here could show people's fate in their dreams. For thousands of years, the soles of ten thousand people have polished your mountain road to shine, just asking you to give a night's dream, in the dim light and shadow in front of the statue ... "
In order to better protect and inherit the dream-praying custom of Jiuli Lake and bring it into the category of intangible cultural heritage protection, in recent years, the Jiuli Lake Scenic Area Construction Management Committee has taken a series of measures, including building a dream-praying building, compiling and publishing books such as Jiuli Lake, Legend of Jiuli Lake, Hundred Dreams of Jiuli Lake and Fairy Tales, collecting and sorting out relevant information about the dream-praying custom, and setting up a dream-praying building. The custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake has a history of more than 1000 years, which shows its strong vitality. The basic contents of this custom include fasting, drinking tea, burning incense, enjoying the scenery, seeking dreams, interpreting dreams, and making wishes, which has established rules. The whole program contains nine kinds of contents, which means that nine is the highest number.
First, come on. In ancient times, anyone who prayed for a dream in Jiuli Lake usually fasted for three days to show sincerity and piety, which probably means "sincerity is the spirit". For example, Huang Yue, a bachelor of review in Ming Dynasty, said, "I sincerely wish to pass on the immortal spirit by pillow." Because people want to find dreams, they have to look at their minds and spirits. From the perspective of human psychiatry, there should be some basis.
Second, cleaning. After tourists arrive at Jiuli Lake, they wash their faces and bodies with clear water to remove dirt, and feel refreshed and relaxed. This is related to the fact that the water in Jiuli Lake contains a lot of minerals. Chen Qian, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, wrote: "There is much rain in the green hills, and the dust is quiet and dreamy." The dressing pavilion of Jiulihu ancient building was built for people to clean and wash.
Third, taste tea. Jiuli Lake is more than 600 meters above sea level, and it is shrouded in clouds. Visitors can enjoy the treatment of "tea, tea and good tea" in Brewmaster Temple Tea Room, which can not only quench their thirst, but also increase their spirits.
Fourth, burn incense. Tourists first light the incense sticks and worship the Nine Immortals in front of the Nine Immortals Temple. He also paid tribute to Fan's namesake, presented a white chicken and prayed for what he prayed for. It is said that Fan Hou is old and deaf. In ancient times, tourists had to dig his ears with cups to make him hear prayers clearly. After staying in the Hall of Praying for Dreams, they burned incense and prayed for the Nine Immortals to show their dreams.
Fifth, enjoy the scenery. Before going to bed, tourists sit leisurely in the front chairs of Brewmaster Temple and enjoy the beautiful night view of Jiuli Lake. The moon reflects clear lake, the wind blows the waterfall, and the fragrance attacks people. The fairyland-like beauty makes people feel nature and talent, and human nature returns to its original nature, forgetting all the insults. Xu Xiake, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, described in detail in Diary of a Visit to Jiuli Lake: "Sitting in front of the temple at night, the new moon hangs the peak. Overlooking Pinghu, the eyes are bright, quiet and quiet, and sometimes it thunders. It is in the night prayer dream hall. "
Sixth, dream. Before going to bed, I folded my hands and felt depressed. After calming down, put on clothes and lie down, gradually fall asleep, and find your dreams in the silent voice.
Seven, dream interpretation. As the old saying goes, you think during the day and dream at night. It is natural for every tourist to dream all the way with a pious heart, and they will dream overnight. Remember the plot in the dream, no matter how complicated or simple. When you wake up in the morning, you should ask the dream interpreter in the temple.
According to historical records, the role of Jiuli Lake in dream interpretation has been changing throughout the ages. Tang Dynasty was a monk, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and now he is a Taoist. According to records, the famous dream interpretation masters of Jiulihu in the past dynasties include Su Qinghua, a Taoist priest in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, Gu Lan Taoist priest in Jiaqing period of Ming Dynasty, Shan Kai Taoist priest in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Jing Xun Taoist priest in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty and now abbot Shi Huixing. Regardless of Taoist dream interpretation, dream interpreters are knowledgeable people. They have a clear insight into the world, ask people who come to seek dreams, show subtle answers in combination with dreams, guide people, comfort people, encourage people, and give people a satisfactory and reasonable answer through psychological suggestion, psychological medical treatment, drug treatment and other means. This kind of example is everywhere, and it is a beautiful talk. Here are some examples:
Tang Bohu, a talented scholar in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty, was well-read and tried every time. Later, I heard that Jiuli Lake prayed for the effect of dreams, so I came all the way for dreams. As a result, I only dreamed that I was carrying a car full of ink and wandering around. When I woke up, I felt hopeless in my life. I'm afraid reading too many books is useless. When interpreting dreams, the Taoist priest first tried his own calligraphy, and then comforted him and said, "You will be famous all over the world with pen and ink." Later, Bohu really became a master of calligraphy and painting, famous for later generations. In the second year of next year, he specially built a dream pavilion next to the Taohua Temple in Suzhou as a memorial, and Zhu Zhishan wrote the inscription "Dream Pavilion".
When Chen Jingbang, a student of Putian in the Ming Dynasty, was young, he was often afraid that he would not be famous, so he went to Jiuli Lake to pray for a dream. In my dream, I saw a line written on the wall, "fame is unintentional." Chen Jingbang was disappointed. When interpreting dreams, the Taoist priest saw that he was a clever young man and encouraged him to say, "Sweet dreams! When you study hard, you will realize your dream. " Chen Jingbang was puzzled. In his dream, he said he had no intention of becoming famous. Why is he still studying? The Taoist priest asked him to write a word "thinking" and told him to cover his heart with his hand. He said mysteriously, "You can only understand it, but you can't explain it in words." The two men smiled at each other. It means that his fame is very important. Chen Jingbang kept in mind the teachings of the Taoist priest, worked hard, stayed away from the table for a year, and only ate spring rolls and fried wheat when studying. Sure enough, he was a scholar during the Jiaqing period, and later he was a minister of rites and a Buddhist monk in Zongshen.
The year before last, a soldier of Wu suffered from a disease and was diagnosed as incurable by the hospital. Go to Jiuli Lake in despair to pray for your dreams. I dreamed that an old man pointed to the bowl on the table and said to him, "You can only eat for a month." . When he woke up, he wanted to jump into the lake and kill himself, but after interpreting his dream, he felt that it was not too late to decide life and death. Master comet asked about his illness first, and then wrote a secret recipe, telling him, "You can only take this medicine for one month, and your body will get better, just as you saw in your dream." Sure enough, after taking the medicine for one month, Wu Jun got well and made a wish in Jiuli Lake.
The above examples illustrate the wisdom of dream interpreters in Jiuli Lake, encouraging people to be positive and pursue a better life, which is the progressive factor and enduring secret of dream praying custom in Jiuli Lake.
Eight, a dream. Interpretation of dreams refers to the process that the dreamer realizes a certain wish through his own efforts according to the guidance of the dream interpreter. Such as further education, promotion, marriage, health, wealth and so on. After the wish comes true, you should prepare gifts and incense sticks and make a wish in Jiuli Lake.
Nine, wishes. Duty is a thank-you ceremony for dreamers to realize a certain wish or prayer. Generally, we should prepare three sacrifices and five fruits, incense sticks and firecrackers, and thank the nine immortals and dreamers in Jiuli Lake. Those who can afford it also donate gold, silver, money and silk. According to records, many ancient buildings in Jiuli Lake were donated by willing donors. For example, in the 14th year of Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 187), Zhu Duanxue was willing to donate money to rebuild the Nine Immortals Temple. In the year of Song San (A.D. 1207), the monk Xie Yide was also willing to donate money to build the Hexian Palace. In the year of Zheng Debing in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 16), Song Shanchang also hoped to donate the Jade Emperor Building. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Xiamen native Lin Ruibi was willing to donate money to rebuild the Nine Immortals Temple. 1986 Xianyou overseas Chinese are also willing to donate money to rebuild Yingxian Mansion and so on. Most of the construction funds of Jiuli Lake Scenic Area come from donations from those who are willing. After the spread and evolution of 1000 years, the dream-praying ceremony in Jiuli Lake has followed the ancient system and basically remained intact. It has the following four characteristics:
First of all, it has a profound historical origin. The dream custom of Jiuli Lake is a unique tributary in the long river of Chinese dream culture. On the basis of inheriting the original dream-occupying and praying activities of the Han nationality, it has developed into a unique folk dream-praying cultural activity According to the available data, Jiuli Lake may be the birthplace of the custom of praying for dreams in China Han residential areas.
Second, there is a full-time Meng Si Shen Shi. He's Nine Immortals, worshipped by dreamers, is the dream god with the longest folk history and the widest influence in China, and is also the only dream god recognized as national worship in history. In particular, Lao Dao, a famous monk in the past dynasties, as a dream interpreter, with his profound cultivation and medical skills, has certain positive factors in helping people solve problems, comforting and encouraging people to be positive, pursuing life and ideals.
Third, there is a complete dream-praying program. A set of programs of folk activities of praying for dreams circulated in Jiuli Lake, in the name of Nine Immortals, have certain progressive factors, which are not found in other places. This custom has been used to this day, and it can be called a "living fossil" to study the folk custom of praying for dreams in China.
Fourth, culture has far-reaching influence. The custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake has been passed down for thousands of years. Celebrities of past dynasties have left a large number of literary works with the theme of dream culture, such as poems, essays, legends and stories, which are unique in the country. The custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake occupies a unique and important position in the folk culture of Puxian, Minnan and even Southeast Asia. It is also a rare folk culture in China and a historical and cultural form. The dream-praying custom of developing and protecting Jiuli Lake has the following values:
1, historical value. The custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake, commonly known as "begging for dreams" or "lying around", is an important part of China ancient culture. On the basis of inheriting the original dream-occupying and praying activities of the Han nationality, it has developed into a dream-praying custom and has been completely preserved and continued.
2. Academic value. After thousands of years' inheritance, the dream-praying custom of Jiuli Lake has formed a relatively stable dream-praying program and become a traditional folk culture, which is of great value for exploring and studying historical culture and folk culture.
3. Practical value.
Exploring and protecting the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake plays an irreplaceable role in improving people's mental health and psychological quality.
The research and excavation of the cultural resources of Jiuli Lake's custom of praying for dreams will greatly expand the connotation of tourism culture, highlight cultural characteristics, improve cultural taste, and have a positive impact on promoting the development and construction of Jiuli Lake scenic spot and developing local economy.
The custom of praying for MengMeng in Jiuli Lake has a long history, which has influenced overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and has become an important platform for cultural exchanges at home and abroad. Over the years, experts and scholars at home and abroad have come to Jiuli Lake to study the custom of praying for dreams, which has greatly promoted the development of national folk culture and tourism.
Since the founding of New China, especially during the Cultural Revolution, the ancient folk culture of "Jiuli Lake praying for dreams" is facing great impact and crisis. Since the new era, with the recovery of traditional culture and the enhancement of protection consciousness, the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake has once again attracted the attention of all sectors of society and is regarded as a special experience for tourists to travel in Jiuli Lake. Because the number of people engaged in dream interpretation is gradually decreasing, and there are few successors, the development and inheritance of the custom of praying for dreams in Jiuli Lake is still in an endangered state, which restricts the development and growth of tourism in Jiuli Lake Scenic Area. Protective rescue work should be guided by Scientific Outlook on Development and included in the national intangible protection list.