2. Brief introduction of beam
The Southern Dynasties Liang (502-557) was the third Southern Dynasty in the history of China. In 502 AD, Xiao Baorong, the last emperor of Qi in the Southern Dynasties, handed over the sovereignty of Qi to his kin, Xiao Yan, King of Liang. Xiao Yan officially proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang, and took the title as a girder. When Xiao Baojuan was in power, Xiao Yan rose up against Xiao Baojuan's rule. After two years of war, Xiao Yan's army invaded Jiankang, killed Xiao Baojuan and changed Xiao Baorong to emperor. Of course, the establishment of Xiao Baorong was only a necessary buffer stage before Xiao Yan proclaimed himself emperor. Within a year, Xiao Yan established the Liang Dynasty.
After Liang Wudi Xiao Yan of Qi acceded to the throne, he practiced frugality and prospered Nanliang in the early stage. However, Emperor Wu believed in Buddhism so much that he became a monk three times that the courtiers had to spend a lot of money to redeem him. He also built a large number of Buddhist temples and translated Buddhist scriptures, which made Buddhism flourish, but Buddhism destroyed the economy so much that the national strength of Liang Dynasty began to weaken.
Later, the Eastern Wei rebelled against Hou Jing, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to explore the north with the help of Hou Jing. Hou Jing saw that Nanliang was weak and Emperor Wu betrayed himself, so he had the intention of rebellion. Finally, the rebellion broke out in Hou Jing, and Emperor Wu starved to death when he was imprisoned by Hou Jing. This kind of chaos is also the key to the demise of the Liang Dynasty. After the Hou Jing Rebellion, the national strength of the Liang Dynasty dropped sharply, and the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty took the opportunity to attack one after another, losing a large area of land. The two sides won and lost each other, but on the whole, militarily, the northern dynasty became stronger and the southern dynasty gradually weakened.
Question 2: When and who established the Liang Dynasty? Nanliang (502-557).
In 502 A.D., in the name of "abandoning obscurity and establishing a bright future", it invaded Jiankang, the capital of Yongzhou, forcing its puppet emperor Qi and emperor Xiao Baorong to stand in their own positions, officially claiming the title of emperor in Jiankang, and changing the country name to Liang. Since the Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Han regime has been in a passive position in the military struggle with the nomadic regime in the north. But it is stronger than the northern regime in economy and culture. Since Dongwu established political power in the south of the Yangtze River in the Southern Dynasties, the most prosperous economic and cultural period in the Southern Dynasties was the Liang Dynasty. This is inseparable from Xiao Yan's own cultural quality, which can be said to be the highest among the emperors in the Southern Dynasties. After he became emperor, he implemented a moderate policy at home, focusing on economic development and attaching importance to cultural development.
Hou Liang (907 ~ 923), one of the ten countries in the Five Dynasties, was the first in the Five Dynasties. In 907 AD, Zhu Quanzhong, the king of Liang Dynasty, usurped the Tang Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor and made Kaifeng his capital. The Tang Dynasty officially perished, and the history of China entered the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Before the founding of the great ancestor Zhu Wen, the Houliang fought for hegemony with the predecessor of the later Tang Dynasty, the State of Jin, until its national subjugation. * * * lasted for three emperors, 17 years. Because the emperor's surname is Zhu, and because it is different from Nanliang in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it is called Zhu.
Question 3: What was the reign time and year of Hou Liang? Taizu Zhu Wen (Zhu Quanzhong): Kaiping (907-9 10) was in office for 6 years (9 1 1-9 12).
The year of Zhu: Fengli (9 13) is said to be 9 12, counting from killing his father and becoming independent. In fact, he changed to Yuan in the first month of the following year, and died in February after two years in office.
Year of the last emperor Zhu Youzhen: Ganhua (9 13-9 14) Zhenming (9 15-920) Longde (92 1-923) reigned/kloc-0.
Zhu Quanzhong, formerly known as Zhu Wen, was the general of the Huang Chao Rebellion that broke out in Tang Yizong. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, he was given the right to be loyal and appointed as the special envoy of our Xuanwu Army. According to Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), it gradually became the most powerful buffer region in the late Tang Dynasty and was named King Liang. In April of the first year of the Fifth Year (904), Ye Li of Tang Zhaozong was kidnapped from Chang 'an in Xijing to Luoyang in the east, and was killed in August. Lizhu, who was only 13 years old, was made emperor, namely Tang Aidi. In the fourth year of the Tang Dynasty (1, 907), on April 18th, Zhu Quanzhong changed his name to Daliang, known as Hou Liang in history, and sealed Liang Taizu. The territory of Hou Liang is the smallest among the five dynasties in the Central Plains, and it only governs the two provinces of Henan and Shandong, most of Shaanxi and Hubei, and a part of Hebei, Ningxia, Shanxi, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Jinliang seeks hegemony.
After Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, many buffer regions refused to recognize Hou Liang and still adopted the name of the Tang Dynasty. The following year (908), Wang Jian, King of Shu, also proclaimed himself emperor and established the Qian Shu. At that time, some separatist forces expressed their submission, so Zhu Wen made Ma Yin in Hunan the king of Chu, Qian in Zhejiang the king, Liu Yin in Guangdong the king of Peng and Fujian the king of Min. After Liu Shouguang proclaimed himself emperor in Youzhou, Yan State was established. Together with the back beam, ten separatist forces coexist. Because Zhu Wen and Li Keyong were enemies in the past, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Back Beam fought with Li Keyong, Li Cun and other Jin kings until the country perished. After the establishment of Hou Liang, 80,000 troops were sent to recapture Luzhou occupied by Li Keyong, but the siege lasted for more than half a year. At the beginning of the second year, Li Keyong died, and Li Cun made an appointment with the king of Jin to lead the Jin army to clear Luzhou, which won a great victory. Liang Taizu suspected heroes and forced Wang (now Zhengding, Hebei Province) and Dingzhou (now Hebei Province) to directly control them. In the fourth year of Kaiping (9 10), he rebelled against Liang and asked the King of Jin for help. At the beginning of the first year of Ganhua (9 1 1), Li Cunyue attacked Liang Jun in Baixiang (now Hebei). After a day of fierce fighting, Liang Jun was defeated. 8 jin j pursued 150 miles until xing zhou (now Xingtai, Hebei), and even Kejifu (now Puyang, Henan), Xinxiang (now Henan) and other places. Liang Taizu also personally led the army to Luoyang for fortification. In the battle of the White Elephant, Liang Jun's main force was damaged and the back beam was at a disadvantage. The following year, Emperor Taizu of Liang attacked Yan by Jin, and Jin, Zhao and Dingzhou led the army northward in spite of illness, claiming to be an army of 500,000. After a day and a night's walk, he arrived in Xia Bo (now Shenzhou, Hebei Province) and led 50,000 troops to attack the county (now Jingxian County). At that time, the main force of 8 Jin Army attacked Youzhou in the north, and the south was empty. Troops stationed in Zhaozhou (now Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province) harassed Liang Jun with a small number of troops, and sent hundreds of cavalry disguised as Liang Jun to attack Liang Taizu's camp at night, plus Liang Jun soldiers released by 8 Jin Army. After returning home, it was rumored that Li Cunzhi, the king of Jin, had attacked, and Liang Taizu panicked and burned the camp overnight. Civil strife in Liang dynasty
In the second year of drying (9 12), in May, Liang Taizu retreated to Luoyang and was terminally ill. In June of the same year, he was killed by his second son, You Zhu. The following year, killed by the imperial army, Zhu Youzhen, the fourth son of Liang Taizu, inherited the throne of the first emperor Liang. Civil strife broke out in Hou Liang one after another, and only General Yang led the army against Jin and Zhao in Hebei. In the spring of the first year of Zhenming (9 15), Yang died, and Liang Chaoting plotted to split Yang's territory in two. Sergeant Weizhou (now the northeast of daming county, Hebei Province) rebelled against Jin, and the king of Jin sent Huang (now the southeast of Zuo Quan, Shanxi Province) and attacked Dezhou (now Shandong Province) and Iraq. In the spring of the following year, Emperor Liang ordered Wang Frank's 30,000-strong army to go north and take Taiyuan in an attempt to attack the Jin base area, but it was defeated by the guarding city army. In August of the 4th year of Zhenming (9 18), Li Cunyue, king of Jin, went south to Weizhou, trying to destroy Liang, but he was at loggerheads with Liang Jun in Zhou Pu. In late December, the Jin army went to Pi (now southwest of Puyang), and then arrived. The two armies fought fiercely and the cavalry king was defeated. When fleeing to the west, the forces in the western front of the Jin army were scattered, and Zhou Dewei, the famous Jin army, died. Jin generals Li, Wang Jian and their cavalry attacked Houliang infantry, and Houliang was defeated, with nearly 30,000 casualties. However, the Jin army was also greatly weakened, and the Liang-Jin war was silent for some time. In the spring of the first year of Lund (92 1), Li Cunxu, king of Jin, was killed by his subordinate Zhang. Zhang colluded with the Khitan. When Jin Jun entered the besieged town, Liang Jun attacked Jin Jun, but was defeated by Jin Jun, killing more than 20,000 people. Be destroyed
In the third year of Lund (923), Li Cun, the king of Jin, was called Tang, and the history was called the later Tang. At the end of April of Lund's third year, Zezhou, west of Hou Liang, was captured in the later Tang Dynasty (>>
Question 4: When will the tensioning theory of precast beams reach more than 75% of the design strength of concrete, usually about 7 days?
Question 5: Which dynasty was the Liang Dynasty? There are two Liang dynasties in history.
One is the Liang Dynasty established by Zhu Wen who perished in the Tang Dynasty, which was called Hou Liang in history. The ruling area is the north of China.
The other is the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Southern Dynasties, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty.
Question 6: When was the Liang Dynasty? During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty;
The Liang dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was the back beam;
Question 7: How long did it take from Sui Dynasty to Liang Dynasty? There were two Liang Dynasties in ancient times. If it was the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it should be said that it was from the Liang Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty. When you ask this question, you should ask Liang of the Five Dynasties.
Hou Liang (907 ~ 923), that is, Zhu Liang, was one of the ten countries in the Five Dynasties and the first dynasty in the Five Dynasties. In 907, Zhu Wen, King of Liang, usurped the Tang Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Liang. The Sui Dynasty perished in 6 18. It took about 290 years from the demise of the Sui Dynasty to the establishment of the Liang Dynasty.
There were beams in the Northern and Southern Dynasties from 502 to 560.
Question 8: Is there any provision in the bridge specification for the time of beam movement after grouting? There is no regulation on beam moving time, but there are regulations on grouting slurry strength, which requires that the grouting strength should not be less than 75% of the design strength, so the beam moving time should be earlier when the temperature is high and later when the temperature is low.
Question 9: When were the Five Dynasties called Houliang, Houtang, Houjin and Houhan? There was a southern beam in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, so the Liang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties was called the back beam, or Zhu Liang. The other four are easy to understand. They all had the same dynasty names before, namely Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou.
Question 10: How long can the formwork be removed after the foundation beam is poured? After the bottom formwork and its support are removed, the concrete strength should meet the design requirements. When there is no requirement in the design, the concrete strength shall meet the following requirements: when the span of plate members is less than or equal to 2m, the concrete strength can reach 50%; when the span is more than 2m but less than 8m, the concrete strength can reach 75% before the formwork can be removed. When the span of beam member is less than or equal to 8m, the concrete strength should reach more than 75% before the formwork can be removed. When the beam member is more than 8m, the concrete strength must reach 100% before the formwork can be removed. The concrete strength of the cantilever member must reach 100% before the formwork can be removed.
After 24 hours, the side formwork can be removed, and the strength of concrete during removal should ensure that its surface and edges and corners are not damaged. Generally speaking, it is the next day to remove the side formwork.