The New World Pattern after World War I

I. "Bipolar" and "Cold War"

1,1In February 1945, when the world anti-fascism was about to win, Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill of the Soviet Union signed the Yalta Agreement, which had a far-reaching impact on the post-war world pattern based on the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union.

2. Formation of the bipolar pattern: After World War II, the economic and military strength of the United States expanded unprecedentedly and became the world's largest power. In order to pursue the strategy of dominating the world, the United States abandoned its wartime alliance with the Soviet Union and turned against communism and the Soviet Union. 1949 12 western countries led by the United States signed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military and political group opposed to the Soviet Union.

1955 In Warsaw, the Soviet Union and seven socialist countries in Eastern Europe signed the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, known as the Warsaw Treaty in history, and established a military and political bloc to counter NATO. Known as "Kazuki Watanabe musician".

The emergence of NATO and Warsaw Pact groups marks the formation of a pattern of confrontation between the East and the West.

3. Why did the United States pursue the "cold war" policy after the war? After World War II, the United States established its hegemonic position and wanted to dominate the world with its strong economic strength. The communist system will be the biggest obstacle for it to control the world, and the socialist country is its main enemy. )

4. Cold War and Hegemony: Before the establishment of NATO, US President Truman declared that the United States would take hostile actions against the Soviet Union and other socialist countries by all means except military strikes. People call it the cold war policy (Truman Doctrine-the symbol of the cold war).

Since 1950s, the hegemonism of the Soviet Union has also expanded, and it has become a superpower alongside the United States militarily, and the arms race between the two superpowers has intensified. The Cuban missile crisis is the extreme embodiment of US-Soviet hegemony. )

The hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union, mainly in the form of the Cold War, lasted until the end of the 1980s.

6. End of the Cold War: In the early 1990s, the ruling parties in Eastern European countries and the Soviet Union lost power. The drastic changes in eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union mean the end of the confrontation between the two groups.

7. The post-cold war world pattern. The disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe mean the end of the confrontation between the two blocs. The United States has become the only superpower, Russia has strong military strength, Japan has strong economic strength, China, as the largest developing country, is playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, while Europe has accelerated the process of integration and the world is developing towards multipolarization.

Second, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

1.In the 1990s, the ruling parties in Eastern European countries and the Soviet Union lost their political power and their social systems changed accordingly.

2. Performance: The GDR was merged into the Federal Republic of Germany, Yugoslavia was divided into five, and Czechoslovakia was carved up.

The Soviet Union split into 15 independent countries, and the social system of socialist countries in Eastern Europe changed.

Third, the theme of peace after the Cold War.

1. After the Cold War, most countries devoted themselves to developing their own economies and opposed the establishment of a unipolar world dominated by one country. The international community prays for peace, and the power to maintain peace is increasing day by day. Striving for world peace is one of the themes of today's era and an irresistible trend of the times.

2. The international situation after the cold war.

(1) Terrorism, as a product of the interwoven contradictions of territory, nationality, religion and resources, poses a serious threat to the world political, economic and security situation (200 1 9. 1 1)

(2) Hegemonism and power politics also have new manifestations. (USA)

Universal peace and local wars are the basic trends in the world today.

3. According to 1999 and 200 19, the United States bombed Yugoslavia. 1 1 incident, Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Iraq war. What are the main factors leading to these events?

○ The change of the world pattern has brought about the imbalance of world power balance, the implementation of hegemonism and power politics, the growth of terrorist forces, the intensification of ethnic contradictions, the widening gap between the rich and the poor in the North and the South, disputes between different religions and problems left over from history.

4. What role did the United States play in these events?

○ In NATO's bombing of Yugoslavia, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the bombing of Iraq, the United States relied on its strong economic and military strength, ignored the anti-war calls of the international community, interfered in other countries' affairs, and pursued a set of values around the world with hegemony and powerful brutality. It is not only the organizer of the war, but also adds fuel to the flames in the war, exacerbates regional conflicts and makes the world more unstable. The "9. 1 1" terrorist attack is the revenge of terrorists on the American government, but it has brought profound disasters to the American people and posed a great threat to world peace.

Development is another theme in today's world.

(1) The conditions for the rapid development of the world economy after the war are the promotion of the new scientific and technological revolution and a relatively peaceful international environment.

(2) Existing practical problems: the gap between the rich and the poor in developing countries and developed countries is wide, and backwardness, crisis and debt plague developing countries, which account for two-thirds of the world's population.

(3) The outstanding performance of the development problem: the relationship between developed and developing countries, also known as the North-South problem.

(4) The root of the North-South issue: It stems from the colonial aggression of western colonists against vast areas in Asia, Africa and Latin America. After the independence of these developing countries, the unjust international economic order has not changed (-it will widen the gap between the rich and the poor).

(5) After the end of the Cold War, the overall trend of North-South relations eased, but the gap between the rich and the poor between the North and the South further widened.

(6) How to solve the North-South problem?

The unjust and irrational international economic order needs to be changed. This requires constantly promoting North-South dialogue and South-South cooperation, and making unremitting efforts to establish a just and rational new international order.

(7) Common interests and pursuits of Asian, African and Latin American countries: strive for national independence and sovereignty integrity, establish a just, equal and reasonable new international political order, and eliminate exploitation and plunder of developing countries by developed countries.

Five, the disintegration of the colonial system (one of the most important changes in the post-war world)

1, in the 1940s, Asia first set off a wave of national liberation movement. Northern Vietnam, North Korea and China have successively embarked on the socialist road, and other countries have also achieved independence.

As the largest colonial country, India's independence has had a great impact on the imperialist colonial system.

3.65438-0955 The Asian-African Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia expressed the common desire of independent Asian and African people to control their own destiny.

4. In 1950s and 1960s, the national independence movement swept across the African continent, and in 1960 alone, 17 countries became independent. This year is called the year of African independence. 1990 Namibia's independence marked the end of the colonial era.

5. Explain the events of the rise of Asian and African countries after the war.

The completion of the national independence movement on the African continent ended the era of colonial rule; The successful convening of the Asian-African Conference; The rapid economic development of Asian countries; The establishment of the "Group of 77"; Events such as the awakening of the Middle East countries.

Sixth, countries' pursuit of modernization.

1. Driven by the new scientific and technological revolution after World War II (plus a relatively peaceful international environment), developed capitalist countries experienced a "golden age" of rapid economic growth (1950- 1970).

2. After independence, Asian countries and regions have vigorously developed their national economies. In 1960s and 1970s, the economies of Singapore, South Korea, China, Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong developed rapidly. After World War II, many Asian countries got rid of colonial rule, which provided preconditions for economic development. )

3.65438-0964, at the first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 77 developing countries issued the Joint Declaration of the Group of 77, demanding that the unequal international economic order be changed and a fair, just and reasonable international economic order be established. This shows that developing countries are emerging as an important force.