Shanxi is located in the northern part of the Central Plains Dynasty, and has always been a place frequently invaded by northern Hudi nationalities such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Anta, Turkic, Shatuo and Qidan. On the one hand, Shanxi was a useful place and an important battlefield for the war between the Central Plains Dynasty and northern Alakazam. When the northern minorities invaded the Central Plains Dynasty, they often occupied Shanxi first, and then continued southward based on Shanxi. On the other hand, the Central Plains Dynasty organized minority groups to settle in Shanxi from time to time, and they interacted with the original Han nationality and gradually became Chinese.

From Qin and Han Dynasties to Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Xiongnu, Xianbei and Jiezu moved southward one after another, constantly colliding and arguing with the Han regime. These northern Hudi ethnic groups established many local regimes in Shanxi, and finally the Northern Wei Dynasty (Xianbei regime) unified the north, ending the chaotic situation of "five lakes and sixteen countries". In the loess desert, the shouts were loud, and the horses fought back and forth, and finally they fell silent. Many Hudi ethnic groups are lost in the dust of history, leaving only Shaanxi people whose blood is mixed with all ethnic groups. The world-famous Yungang Grottoes in Datong were dug in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which blended Indian culture, Greek culture and the traditional culture of the Central Plains, and it is a historical witness of the blending of the Central Plains culture and foreign cultures. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and the Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, many nationalities such as Shatuo, Qidan, Nuzhen and Mongolia frequently fought and ruled in Shanxi, which not only caused many social and economic damages in Shanxi, but also had a constructive side. The Huayan Temple and Yingxian Wooden Pagoda in Datong were built in this period, which witnessed the history of the Buddhist culture of Hudi in the north. At the same time, Shanxi was deeply influenced by the northern culture and became the birthplace of the creation and performance of Yuan Zaju. What's more worth pointing out is that, as mentioned in the introduction of Historical Records of Shanxi, these ethnic groups gradually became sinicized in Shanxi, and formed the concept of integration of China and Hunan when competing for the Central Plains. "They preach Hu Hanjia's theory under the banner of the descendants of the Chinese people." When they communicate with Japanese, Persians (now Iranians) and Italians (Roman Empire), they often pretend to be China people. Therefore, Russians and some countries in Central Asia still call China "Khitan".

Due to the long-term war, the population of Han nationality in the Central Plains has dropped sharply. It is estimated that the number of northern Hudi ethnic groups such as Xiongnu and Xianbei who moved to Shanxi is far more than 6.5438+0 million. The Altai language they used triggered the Altaization of Central Plains Chinese in Shanxi Province, mainly because the northern Hu Di people alienated Chinese with Altai language foundation in the process of transforming to Central Plains Chinese, forming a long-standing Jin dialect pattern of Shanxi people, which is obviously different from our standard Putonghua in Baoding.