His book History became the first prose work in the history of western literature, and Herodotus was honored as the "father of history".

The history is rich in content, describing the geographical environment, ethnic distribution, economic life, political system and historical events of West Asia, North Africa and Greece, and showing the ethnic life scenes of nearly 20 countries and regions in ancient times.

2. Thucydides

Thucydides occupies an important position in the history of western historiography with his History of the Peloponnesian War.

Because of its strict and standardized evidence collection and objective causal analysis, it is called the father of "historical science". He is also known as the father of "political realism school" because in his works, he clarified that political behavior between countries and its consequences are based on fear, emotion and interests.

The History of the Peloponnesian War records the war between Sparta and Athens from the early 5th century BC to 4 1 1 year BC. It was summarized as "Thucydides Trap" because it was put forward that "the real reason for the inevitability of war was that Athens became stronger and stronger, which aroused the fear of Spartans".

3. Xenophon

Xenophon was a disciple of Socrates. He is famous for recording Greek history and Socrates' quotations at that time.

He is the author of The Long March, The History of Greece (the sequel of Thucydides' The History of the Peloponnesian War, the narrative began in the first 465,438+065,438+0 years and ended in the first 362 years), The Political System of Rushdie's Dream, The Gains of Athens and In Memory of Socrates.

Extended data

Characteristics of ancient Greek culture

1, idealism

An important aesthetic thought in ancient Greece is that harmony is beauty. The ancient Greeks put forward the idea of golden ratio very early and applied it to painting and sculpture. One of the most fundamental ideas of Pythagoras school philosophy is that the universe and the world are formed according to the relationship and principle of "number", so they are the most harmonious and have the regularity of number.

In literary works, most men have extraordinary strength, handsome appearance and developed muscles. Women have amazing appearance and charming figure. In fact, God has emotional shortcomings like people, but they have divine power that people don't have. In other words, God is just an idealized person.

2. Humanitarian

The core idea of the Renaissance is that humanism is by no means accidental. Ancient Greek culture played an important role. Greeks attach importance to personal values and pursue freedom and enjoyment. There are often demigod heroes in Greek mythology, such as Hercules, theseus and Poerxiusi. God, like people, pursues femininity and is competitive.

3. Rationalism

Greeks are unrestrained and have the so-called "Dionysian sentiment", but compared with other ethnic groups, the rational color is still more prominent. The ancient Hebrews believed in God, the Egyptians worshipped the sun god, and the Indians worshipped it. The attitude of the Greeks towards God is not so much worship as yearning, and some people even dare to make fun of God.

This rationalism made Socrates drink the poisoned wine of truth. The Greeks applied this to philosophy, thinking about the origin of the world and exploring the logic of paradox; Apply to science, study lever, pulley and buoyancy, and discover the mystery of numbers.

4. tragedy

The contradiction between one's own pursuit and fate has formed a tragedy. Strictly speaking, every nation has its own tragedy, but Greece is the strongest. Homer's epic is a representative of tragedy. Achilles and Hecktor are two typical tragic figures. The former is the contradiction between their own pursuit and destiny, while the latter is the contradiction between their own thoughts and national mission.

Step 5 be magnificent

Tragedy lies not in writing sadness, but in writing tragic and majestic. Greek epic dramas are mostly heroic, lyrical, with high language and short sentence patterns. The Parthenon, a Greek building, is tall and spectacular, and the image of the sculpture "Stone Thrower" is strong and handsome, which reflects this.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Herodotus

Baidu encyclopedia-Thucydides

Baidu encyclopedia-Xenophon