After the Warring States period, people generally think that it is the era of the unification of Qin and Han Dynasties.
In fact, there is also a special period called "post-Warring States" by historians, covering nearly 70 years from the end of Qin Dynasty to the early years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Although the world was in chaos during this period, heroes came forth in large numbers. They have done their utmost loyalty and wisdom for Daqin and Dachu, and jointly wrote the legend of this historical period.
How to know these heroes? Besides reading history books, you can also go to see the Chu-Han hegemony written by Peng Ji and Peng Lingce and painted by Cheng Liang.
Chu-Han Hegemony is the first book in a series of figures and records of the Twenty-Four History compiled by Beijing United Publishing Company in order to popularize the knowledge of the Twenty-Four History to young people, and it is also very suitable for adults to read.
In this book, the editor introduces in detail the forces of Qin, Chu and Han, as well as the heroes around them, as well as the major battles that decided this historical trend, which reproduces for us the turbulent history of the turmoil in the late Qin Dynasty and the hegemony between Chu and Han.
Among the two editors and planners, Peng Ji and Peng Yunce are deputy editors and chief editors of National Humanities History magazine, and Cheng Liang is a senior animation IP developer and animation director, both of whom are very professional. Their efforts made this book compiled according to the official history, and even the costumes and weapons at that time were listed and explained by legends, which was very beautiful. This is the biggest difference between Chu and Han Hegemony and general detailed history books.
In a word, those heroes in the late Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty, whether in the Qin Dynasty or in the Chu-Han dispute, made the historical sky of the post-Warring States period bright.
The preface of this book was written by Li Kaiyuan, a famous historical writer. In the preface, he fully expounded the characteristics of the post-Warring States period.
During this period, the characteristics of the Warring States and the Qin Empire were mixed, especially when the Han Empire was just established, feudalism and unification coexisted. The whole empire was directly ruled by the central government of the Han Dynasty, and coexisted with many enfeoffment kingdoms and many vassal States, among which the Han Dynasty was the most powerful.
This is different from the unification of the Qin empire and the enfeoffment system in the Warring States period.
This special situation can be traced back to the heroes in the late Qin and early Han dynasties.
Because the establishment of the Han empire was originally the result of these heroes' reward for their merits.
Heroes all over the world worked together to destroy Qin, and Xiang Yu, the great hero, made the first contribution, rewarded his merits and enfeoffed the princes. Liu Bang refused to accept it, then defeated Xiang Yu with a bunch of rebellious heroes, and then rewarded him for his meritorious service. Liu bang naturally contributed the most, so the Han Dynasty occupied the area originally ruled by Qin, with the strongest strength.
The other three heroes who contributed the most, Han Xin, Peng Yue and Ying Bu, divided the old place of Chu into vassals, and other vassals who helped each other were raised.
As for the hero who followed Liu Bang, there were other heroes who were blocked. When the Han Dynasty was founded, more than 100 princes were sealed, that is, more than 100 small princes.
If you look at the situation of the early Han Empire from the map, it is very similar to the world situation at the end of the Warring States Period.
In addition, the wind of cultivating scholars prevailed during this period, and there were many rangers; In order to achieve his goal, he is shameless and does not speak of faith; Although the theory of Huang Lao dominated, the theory of letting a hundred schools of thought contend revived, which was the characteristic of the Warring States period and spread to this era, and also profoundly influenced the history of this era.
Later, Liu Bang cut off the princes of the opposite sex and gave them to his children, but the situation did not change much. The "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" broke out in the period of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. It was not until Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty took the throne that the situation was gradually reversed and the real era of great unification came slowly.
If we look at history books to understand this history, if we don't subdivide it, there will be a sense of confusion. The relationship between many people is still very complicated. It's easy to get confused when we watch it.
"Chu-Han hegemony" directly and simply divided the forces of this period.
This period can be divided into four different forces: Daqin, Dachu, Dahan, the Central Plains and heroes in north and south areas outside the Central Plains. Among these four forces, each has its own key figures.
Daqin includes Zhao Gao, Meng Tian, Meng Yi, Zhang Han, Sima Xin, Wang Li and others.
In addition to the Central Plains, there are Chen Sheng, Guangwu, Zhang Er, Chen Yu, Peng Yue, Wei Bao, Zangcha, Wuzhi, Maodun and Zhao Tuo.
Although these people belong to the same power, it does not mean that they are a group, just for the convenience of classification.
Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu, Fan Zeng, Xiang Bo, Ying Bu, Long Qie, Ji Bu, Mei Zhongli, Xiang Zhuang and others.
There are Liu Bang, Sean, Xiao He, Han Xin, Chen Ping, Cao Can, Fan Kuai, Xia Houying, Zhou Bo, Guan Ying, Li Shiqi, Liu Jia and others.
The unrest in Qin began when Qin Ershi ascended the throne after the death of Qin Shihuang, and Zhao Gao's "assistance" led to the outbreak of peasant uprisings in Chen Sheng and Guangwu.
From then on, the entanglement of these four forces began. Heroes in the world wiped out Qin for three years, and then Chu and Han fought for five years. Liu Bang finally won and established the Han Dynasty.
In the process of Qin's demise, it was not Chen Sheng and Guangwu who played a key role, but Xiang Yu and Liu Bang.
In the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu crossed the rubicon and won nine battles, annihilating the northern army led by Qin Wang Li, capturing the imperial army and finally destroying it.
It can be said that Xiang Yu destroyed the main force of Qin in World War I, so it is only a matter of time before Qin perished.
When Xiang Yu was struggling with the main force of Qin in the north, Liu Bang led his army all the way to the west, whether by force, surrender or deception. Without much effort, he entered Guanzhong and accepted the surrender of Zi Ying, the king of Qin, who was more advanced than Xiang Yu. Qin officially declared its demise.
After the Qin dynasty was destroyed, it was to divide the fruits of victory.
Xiang Yu made the greatest contribution, and the governors were convinced, so Xiang Yu established himself as the overlord of Chu, sealed the governors again, and ignored Chu Huaiwang.
What he saw in his eyes was Liu Bang. Although Chu Huaiwang had an appointment with the generals before the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, Wang Zhi was the first to enter the customs. But Liu Bang's ambition cannot be ignored. He sent Liu Bang to Hanzhong and made him Hanwang. At the same time, Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun were appointed as the kings of Qin, so that they could carve up the territory of Qin in Guanzhong and block Liu Bang's northward and eastward advance.
Actually, we don't have to blame Xiang Yu. Under the absolute strength advantage, Xiang Yu did not destroy Liu Bang, which is already very good.
Liu Bang, who entered Hanzhong, tried to find a way to enter Guanzhong, but Xiang Yu always made mistakes, killing Yidi and princes. So the events in the next few years can basically be summarized by idiom stories.
Ming Xiu plank road, dark Chen Cang, the last stop, Chu River Han boundary, ambush on all sides, besieged on all sides, farewell my concubine, Wujiang River commit suicide.
In this process, Fan Zeng, the counselor of Xiang Yu, was frustrated by Chen Ping's double spy. Originally, the vassal states of Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei and Qi who surrendered to Xiang Yu were basically pacified by Han Xin, and the generals of Xiang Yu, Ying Bu and Long Qie, also defected, and now they are all dead.
When Xiang Yu, whose strength was greatly impaired, made peace with Liu Bang and retreated to Chu, Sean advised Liu Bang not to break his word, but to take the opportunity to pursue Xiang Yu. At the same time, Liu Bang promised Han Xin, Peng Yue and Ying Bu to be crowned king and surrounded Xiang Yu by soldiers.
From this point, we can also see that the similarity between this time and the Warring States period is no different from the peace between the princes and the rebellion of the Ming Dynasty.
In this way, the Han army under the unified command of Han Xin, Liu Bang, Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu, and Liu Bang's sibling Liu Jia, led five armies, and Xiang Yu finally committed suicide in Wujiang River.
After Xiang Yu's death, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, rewarded meritorious deeds, and sealed seven kings and ministers, thus forming the initial construction of the Han Empire, similar to the world situation at the end of the Warring States Period.
In addition to describing the lives of the characters in the book, Peng Ji and Peng Yunce also mentioned many interesting details in "Chu and Han Hegemony", such as Zhao Gao is not a castrated eunuch; The reason why the banquet at Hongmen can be written in such detail and Fan Li is so heroic is that Sima Qian listened to Fan Li's grandson's dictation. Zhang Cang lived for more than 100 years from the suggestion of Qin Dynasty to the prime minister of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, which is a living fossil of this period. And so on, when people read it, they can better understand the life of the characters.
According to Records of the Historian, Liu Bang, who was unwell, was very disappointed when he heard that Lu Wan, the prince of Yan, rebelled. He agreed with ministers that "Liu doesn't need to be king" and said:
Here, whether Qin or Chu was destroyed, it became the credit of the Han Dynasty. There is no longer the hard work of other heroes in the Central Plains at that time, and there is no role of Chu forces represented by Xiang Yu. Not to mention the contributions of Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and others who plotted against the king, they were all shot down by Liu Bangyong's rich mud legs.
Winners and losers, but that's all.
But besides them, other heroes in the late Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty were also loved by later generations and shone brightly in the historical starry sky after the Warring States Period, which no one can erase.