1 Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian (65438+ 16 February, 624-705), whose real name was Wu zhào, was born in Wenshui, Wenzhou (now Wenshui, Shanxi). The only orthodox female emperor in the history of China (reigned from 690 to 705) is also one of the emperors with the oldest enthronement age (67 years old) and the longest life span (82 years old). Together with Lv Hou, she was called "Lv Wu" in the Han Dynasty.
Wu Zetian is the second daughter of Wu Shihuo, the secretariat of Jingzhou. He entered the harem at the age of fourteen and was a talented person of Emperor Taizong. He was named "Wu Mei". Tang Gaozong was named Zhao Yi, then the queen, and was honored as the "queen of heaven", and was also called "double saint" with Emperor Gaozong. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, he became the empress dowager of Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong.
In the first year of God's Grant (690), Wu Zetian established herself as emperor, changed her country name to Zhou, made Luoyang her capital, and established Wu Zhou. Before and after the reign of Wu Zetian, the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty was massacred, and "cruel officialdom politics" arose. However, she is "observant and good at judging", with more power and less power, and can use people. Reward agriculture and mulberry, reform official management, attach importance to talent selection, and make talents come forth in large numbers. In his later years, he gradually became extravagant and arbitrary, and gradually degenerated.
In the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi launched the "Shenlong Revolution" to support the restoration of Tang Zhongzong and forced him to abdicate. After the restoration of the Tang Dynasty, Zhongzong was honored as the "Emperor of Heaven".
In the same year 1 1 month, Wu Zetian died in shangyang palace at the age of 82. In accordance with his last wish, Zhongzong changed his name to "Zetian Tiansheng Queen" and was buried in Ganling as a queen. Later, she became the "Tianshun Saint Queen".
2. florence nightingale
Florence Nightingale (English: Florence Nightingale,1820may12-19/kloc-0 August13), a British nurse and statistician, was born in an Italian upper-class family. After studying nursing in Germany, I worked in a hospital in London. 1853, she became the head nurse of London Charity Hospital.
During the Crimean War, she tried her best to let the British military open hospitals on the battlefield to provide medical services for soldiers. She analyzed the mountain of military files and pointed out that in the Crimean campaign, the reason why British troops died was that they were infected with diseases outside the battlefield. After being injured on the battlefield, they could not get proper care and died of serious injuries, but not many people actually died on the battlefield.
She even used circular charts to illustrate these materials. Nightingale and 38 nurses went to work in the Crimean Field Hospital on June1854+1October 2 1. The head nurse in the hospital is called "the angel of Crimea", also known as "the angel with lanterns".
Because of nightingale's efforts, the status and image of nurses with low status in the past have been greatly improved and become a lofty symbol. "Nightingale" has also become synonymous with the spirit of nurses.
She is the first real female nurse in the world and started her nursing career. "5. 12" International Nurses' Day was held on Nightingale's birthday to commemorate the founder of modern nursing.
3. Madame Curie
Marie Curie (1867165438+1October 7th-1July 4th, 934), born in Warsaw, is called "Madame Curie" and her full name is Marie Sklodowska Curie (Maria Sk? Odowska Curie), a famous Polish scientist, physicist and chemist in France.
1903 Mr. and Mrs. Curie and becquerel won the Nobel Prize in physics for their research on radioactivity.191kloc-0/won the Nobel Prize in chemistry again in, becoming the first person in the world to win the Nobel Prize twice. Madame Curie's achievements include initiating the theory of radioactivity, inventing the technology of separating radioactive isotopes, and discovering two new elements: polonium and radium.
Under her guidance, people used radioisotopes to treat cancer for the first time. Due to long-term exposure to radioactive substances, Madame Curie died of malignant leukemia on July 3, 1934.
4. Mulan
Hua Mulan (4 12 -502), whose deeds have been passed down to this day, is a heroine in ancient China, loyal and filial, and passed down through the ages on behalf of her father who defeated the invading nation in the army. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty named her "General Filial Piety".
The spread of Mulan story should be attributed to the folk song Mulan Ci, but the surname and native place of Mulan are not recorded in the history books.
Hua Mulan's deeds are shown in many literary works, such as movies, TV dramas, song and dance Henan operas, etc.
5. Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao (1March 084 13— about 1 155), Yi nationality, Han nationality, was born in Jinan, Jizhou (now Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, Shandong Province). A poetess in Song Dynasty, a representative of graceful and restrained ci school, was known as "the first talented woman in the ages".
Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and had a good life in his early years. Her father Li has a rich collection of books, and she has laid a literary foundation in a good family environment since she was a child. After marriage, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood.
In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words.
There are Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collation of Li Qingzhao's collected works today.
Baidu encyclopedia-Li Qingzhao
Baidu Encyclopedia-Mulan
Baidu Encyclopedia-Marie Curie
Baidu encyclopedia-nightingale
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wu Zetian