Western Eastern Jin Dynasty

In A.D. 1 year and 266, Wei was usurped, Luoyang was its capital and Jin was its capital. History is called the Western Jin Dynasty, which destroyed Wu in 280 and completed reunification. In 3 16, the western Jin dynasty was destroyed by barbarians in the north, and there was chaos in the north, which was called "five chaos" in history.

2.3 17 years, Jinshi crossed south, Si Marui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty made many northern expeditions. In 383, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was temporarily consolidated after the war with the former Qin Dynasty. During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, and northerners moved south to develop the Jiangnan area. In 420, Liu Yu established Liu Song, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished. The history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Southern Dynasties

1, Liu Song (420-479) is the largest, strongest and longest-lasting regime, with four generations and eight emperors, lasting for 60 years.

2. Qi (479-502) was very short, only 24 years. However, due to frequent fights and killings, there were three generations of seven emperors, with an emperor every three years on average, which was an extremely rapid change of emperors in the history of China.

3. Liang (502-557) experienced three generations and four emperors in his life for 56 years, of which he enjoyed the country for the longest time, reaching nearly half a century.

4. Chen (557-589) reigned for 33 years, with three generations and five emperors. The disadvantages of Chen Cheng's decline are its narrow territory, weak population and weak power. In addition, the rulers were extremely corrupt, and they eventually died in the hands of powerful enemies in the north.

Northern Dynasties

1. Tuoba GUI of the Northern Wei Dynasty established its capital in Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) in 398, and changed its title to emperor in 399, gradually annexing Xia, Beiyan and Beiliang 16 countries. There were 17 emperors, 17 1 year from the establishment of Wei by Tuoba GUI to the demise of the Western Wei in 557 AD.

2. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, in 534 AD, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty was frightened by the powerful general Gao Huan and fled to Guanzhong. Gao Huan established Yuan as Emperor Xiaojing and moved his capital to Ye (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province), which is known as the Eastern Wei Dynasty in history. It was replaced by Gao Yang in 550 AD, and the Eastern Wei Dynasty lasted for 17 years.

3. Western Wei Dynasty. In 534 AD, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty entered Xiguan and was greeted by General Yu Wentai. In 535 AD, Yu Wentai poisoned Emperor Xiaowu and established Yuanbao as Wei Wendi, with its capital in Chang 'an, known as the Western Wei Dynasty in history. In 557, it was replaced by Yu Wenjue, the third son of Yu Wentai. Twenty-four years of the Three Emperors of the Western Wei Dynasty.

4. Beiqi. In 550 AD, Gao Yang, the son of Gao Huan, a general of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, seized the Eastern Wei regime and proclaimed himself emperor. His country name is Qi and his capital is yeyu. In order to distinguish it from Xiao Qi in the Southern Dynasties, it was called Beiqi in history, and it was also called Gaoqi because of its high royal surname. In 577 AD, it was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, which lasted for eight emperors and twenty-eight years.

5. Northern Zhou Dynasty. In 557 AD, Yu Wenjue, the son of Yu Wentai, a general of the Western Wei Dynasty, seized the Western Wei regime and proclaimed himself emperor. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded in Chang 'an, known as the Northern Zhou Dynasty in history. Because the royal family is named Yuwen, it is also called Yuwen Zhou. In 577 AD, the Northern Qi Dynasty perished and the northern part of China was unified. In 58 1 year, it was replaced by Emperor Yangdi, which lasted for 25 years.

Extended data:

The Jin Dynasty (265-420) was one of the six dynasties, inheriting the Three Kingdoms and connecting the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is divided into the Western Jin Dynasty (265-3 16) and the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420). Sima clan was a Cao Wei clan in the Three Kingdoms period, and took control of the Wei regime after the Gao Ping Ling incident. In 265 AD, Cao Huan, the Emperor of Wei Yuan, was forced to sit in the meditation position, with the title of Jin, that is, Emperor Wu of Jin.

In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Sun Wu and unified the world, but the situation of peace and stability only lasted for a short period of more than ten years. After Emperor Jinhui succeeded to the throne, the court gradually became chaotic, and the kings who mastered the military power fought for power one after another, which was known as the Eight Kings Rebellion in history. After the Jin Dynasty was badly weakened, the nationalities who moved in took the opportunity to dispatch troops, resulting in five chaos, and a large number of people and clans began to cross south. In 3 16, the western Jin dynasty perished, and the north entered the period of five lakes and sixteen countries.

In 3 17, Si Marui, the imperial clan of the Jin Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to the map of southern China. The clansmen and civilians in the Central Plains have moved southward in succession, forming a situation in which China's northern expatriates and southern aborigines live together. In the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Dao and others adopted the strategy of "town and town" to stabilize the situation.

With the decline of imperial power, imperial power was mainly controlled by imperial clan. Due to the weight of soldiers in internal affairs, the imperial control was weak, and many towns were ambitious. Wang Dun rebellion, Soviet rebellion and Huan Wen dictatorship occurred successively. Although some nobles in power had the intention to recover lost ground and launched several northern expeditions before and after, the imperial court was worried that careerists would expand their power by this, and most of them gave negative support. In 383, the former Qin Dynasty sent a Buddhist teacher to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the face of the disaster of national subjugation, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the monarch and ministers are united in one mind, and the water war will win.

Xie Xuan and other generals succeeded in recovering a lot of lost land, which led to the disintegration of the former Qin Dynasty and the change of the military and political pattern in the north. However, in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, factional competition and Huan Xuan Uprising occurred again. The burden on civilians was heavy, and Sun En and Lu Xun rebelled again. Qiao Zong also stood on his own two feet. Finally, Emperor Wu of Song rose, pacified the chaos, won the throne with military strength, and entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589) began in 420 when Emperor Wu usurped the Eastern Jin Dynasty to establish the Southern Song Dynasty, and ended in 589 when Nanchen was destroyed by the Sui Dynasty. It inherited the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Sixteen Countries of Wuhu, and then the Sui Dynasty. Because of the long-term opposition between the north and the south, it is called the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Southern Dynasties (420-589) included four dynasties: Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. Northern dynasties (439? —58 1 year) includes Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties.

In the Southern Dynasties, the royal family was mainly poor or common people. Because the military power is gradually controlled by the poor or civilians, they can usurp the throne. In the early days, the economy gradually recovered and the military strength was strong. Due to the strategic mistakes and strong military strength of the North Korea, the border moved southward one after another. The emperor and the imperial clan often fought bloody battles for the throne. Liang Wudi improved Nanliang, making its national strength strong again. In his later years, the country was eroded, and the Hou Jing Rebellion greatly weakened the strength of the divided Southern Dynasties, and the overseas Chinese clan that dominated the political situation completely collapsed.

Although Chen Wendi unified the Southern Dynasties, its national strength declined and it could only rely on the Yangtze River to resist the Northern Dynasties. The Northern Dynasty inherited the Five Hu and Sixteen Countries, and it was a new dynasty where Hu and Han lived together. The royal family of the Northern Wei Dynasty belongs to Xianbei nationality. Influenced by Wuhu culture, most Han officials intermarry with Hu people. Xianbei royal family was also influenced by China culture. The Northern Wei Dynasty was restrained by the softness of the North, and it was not until the friendly Turks annexed softness that they tried their best to deal with the Southern Dynasties. Later, after civil strife and peasant riots in six towns, the strength was greatly reduced.

After the Northern Wei Dynasty split the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty, it was quickly replaced by the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty respectively. The Northern Qi Dynasty was dominated by Liuzhen Group, which had strong military strength in the early period. The Xianbei army in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was less than that in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and its political status was not as good as that in the Southern Dynasties. Finally, Guanlong Group initiated by Yu Wentai annexed Beiqi, which was increasingly corrupt politically. After the death of Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty took control of the imperial court, and established the Sui Dynasty by surrendering to Emperor Jing of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. After eight years of operation, he sent troops to destroy and unify China. After the Sui Dynasty unified the world, it merged the Kanto and Jiangnan nationalities to form a new Han nationality and created an open and inclusive Sui and Tang Empire.

References:

Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties-Baidu Encyclopedia