In the 6th century BC, The Book of Songs was compiled into a book, including local folk music 160, elegant music 3 1, 74 ditties, 40 sacrificial music, * * 305 songs and 6 sheng music, and the score was lost. The producing areas include Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and northern Hunan. There are poems in The Book of Songs that reflect the joy of feasting, such as Xiaoya Luming Literature. There are poems reflecting the war, such as Xiaoya in June; Famous love poems such as Zheng Fengji; The ironic reality of Feng Wei's attack on Tan: There are also a number of large-scale royal epics of the Zhou Dynasty that reflect the founding history of the Zhou Dynasty, such as Sheng Min, Gongliu, Mian, Yi Di and Daming.
The Book of Songs, which is mainly composed of four words and repeated sentences, shows China's lyrical national literature characteristics. Since then, China's poetry has embarked on a lyrical road, and lyric poetry has become the main form of China's poetry. The enthusiasm for reality, strong political and moral consciousness and sincere and positive attitude towards life in The Book of Songs are summarized as the spirit of elegance, which has become the most basic and far-reaching tradition of China's poetry.
On the 14th day of the first month in 339 BC, Qu Yuan, the first great man in the history of China poetry, was born. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled works such as Qu Yuan and Song Yu. A book "Songs of the South" was written, including twenty-three songs of Lisao, nine songs (1 1), nine chapters of Tian Wen (9) and Evocation. Among them, "Li Sao" takes loyalty to the monarch and patriotism as the theme and vanilla beauty as the symbol, which repeatedly generates lingering grief and indignation and creates a loyal and noble hero image.
Qu Yuan's poems created a new poetic style, which directly influenced the emergence of Han Fu. And a large number of Chu dialects, such as "some, talented, Qiang, dispute, oath, oath, oath", have a strong local color. Chu Ci highlighted the romantic spirit and influenced later poets such as Li Bai, Li He and Han Yu. The symbolic tradition of vanilla beauty has a long history, and its influence has been extended to Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in the Qing Dynasty.
Following the Book of Songs and Songs of the South, Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty appeared in the poetry circle, and were collected by Yuefu organs in the Western Han Dynasty and Huangmen Propaganda Department in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Yuefu poetry is good at narration, Lang tells about the beauty's resistance to violence, Sang tells about Luo Fu's disobedience to the satrap, Xing tells about his wife sewing clothes for a wanderer, causing her husband's suspicion, and the famous poem Peacock Flying Southeast tells a sad love tragedy. The poet's brush strokes go deep into their respective classes, which together fully reflect the true face of the whole society, both exhorting wealth and sympathizing with suffering. Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty realized the transition from four-character poems to five-character poems with miscellaneous words.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, poems created by literati groups appeared. Five-character poems have replaced the traditional four-character poems and even produced a complete seven-character poem. The earliest extant literati poem in the Eastern Han Dynasty is Ban Gu's Ode to an Epic, and his Poem of Bamboo Fan is an early and complete seven-character poem. The most famous literati poem is Nineteen Ancient Poems, without the author's name. It is about wandering and caring for women, so nostalgia and love are integrated. At the same time, it involves many philosophies of life, discussing eternity and brevity, people's mentality and life cycle, sadness and joy. Literati's poetry is good at expressing emotion, and the language is perfect and precious, which directly influenced Cao Zhi and Tao Yuanming.
From the Jian 'an period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the early Cao Wei period, three Cao and seven sons came out at the same time. Honest and frank's sad Cao Cao, graceful and restrained Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi, who is both a father and a brother, completed the final transformation of Yuefu folk songs into literati poems with the wings of "Jian 'an seven sons" and opened up the broad road of five-character poems. The famous ones are Cao Cao's Short Songs, Cao Pi's Beautiful Songs, Cao Zhi's White Horse Wang Biao and White Horse Pieces. Cao Zhi is the most respected poet in Jian 'an, because his literary talent is gorgeous, which has a great influence on the development of five-character poems, and his unfortunate life experience has aroused the admiration of later scholars.
"Jian 'an Style" is a distinctive and energetic style in Jian 'an literature, especially in five-character poems. Based on the writer's generous thoughts and feelings, he has formed the characteristics of deep ambition, broad outline, sadness and generosity. The distinctive personality and characteristics of the times have become the unique charm of Jian 'an's poetic style.
In the early period of the last years of Cao Wei, Sima came to power, and a group of people were dissatisfied with Sima's rule and lived in seclusion in the mountains. Seven people, led by Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, are called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Ruan Ji's masterpiece is "Eighty-two Poems for Memories", which is the first poem in the history of China literature. The poem is full of loneliness and depression, but under political pressure, he dare not speak, relying on metaphors and symbols to suppress his arms. The highest achievement of Ji Kang's poetry is four words, pursuing nature and transcending independence. Generally speaking, Zheng's poetic style has changed into a poem with a long theme and profound sustenance, which embodies a unique artistic view.
Sima Yan proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Wei and established the Western Jin Dynasty. The artistic characteristics of the poetry circles in the Western Jin Dynasty are called "Taikang Poetry Style", which is characterized by paying attention to form, complicated description, gorgeous rhetoric and complicated poetry style. Lu Ji's imitation of ancient poems is a masterpiece of gorgeous algae decoration. The representative figures of Taikang's poetic style are Zhang (Zhang Xie, Zhang Zai,), Erlu (Lu Ji,), (and Uncle Penny). The description of landscape elements in their poems has greatly increased, which is the forerunner of landscape poets such as Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao. At the same time, Zuo Si, with his eight poems on epic poems, pioneered the road of chanting history and became an example for later poets to follow.
One hundred years after the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the poetic world was occupied by metaphysical poems, and the development of poetic art was interrupted. It was not until Tao Yuanming, the second great man in China's poetry history, that this clue was reconnected. His poems originated from Nineteen Ancient Poems and were influenced by Ruan Ji's legacy. The original style of Wei-Jin poetry and even China's ancient poetry rose to an unprecedented height in his hands, making him a milestone in ending a generation of poetic style. He wrote pastoral poems such as "Returning to the Garden" and "Drinking", wrote his feelings about farming and reading life, and expressed his philosophical thinking about life in plain and simple language. Tao Yuanming is a representative figure of romantic life in Wei and Jin Dynasties, pursuing the artistry of life. He is also one of the spiritual destinations of China literati, and has built a spiritual home for later literati.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty was replaced by the Song Dynasty, and then the Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty alternated, and the four dynasties were in the south of the Yangtze River. The beautiful natural environment and rich economic conditions in the south make the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties present a beautiful and lingering style. The masterpiece is the long poem "Western Zhou Qu", which has four rhymes and euphemistic rhymes. The folk songs of the Northern Dynasties are the cultural achievements created by the people of all ethnic groups in the North, and the "Chile Song" is magnificent and magnificent, and it is a swan song throughout the ages; The masterpiece Mulan Poetry is fresh and vigorous, and it is about the heroism of a heroine.
Kasper? Lingyun In the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, the poetic style of literati changed. His creation of landscape poems is characterized by freshness and emphasis on description and depiction of objects. But due to careful consideration, they are extremely beautiful, such as "going upstairs in the pool". He is the pioneer of a new generation of poetic style, which influenced the whole generation of poetic style in the Southern Dynasties. The period of Qi, Liang and Chen is the period of the formation and development of new-style poetry, which is characterized by paying attention to rhythm and duality. Shen Yue and others founded the "Yongming Style" with strict phonology, stipulated four tones and eight diseases, and advocated that poetry should pay attention to the beauty of phonology. The "Yongming Style", represented by the poet Xie Tiao, continues to write landscape poems, avoiding the obscurity of big pavilions, blending scenes, being profound and subtle, paying attention to Yongming temperament, and having a smooth and harmonious tone. Xiao, Xiao Yan and Xiao Tong are three literary groups formed during the Qi and Liang Dynasties, and their poems are mainly erotic poems in palace style. However, Yu Xin, a southern poet, stayed in the north and brought the style of writing from the south to the north. At the same time, his own poetic style also combines the strengths of the north and the south, and the poor north and the south win. The combination of the beauty of the south and the strength of the north made necessary preparations for the formation of the new poetic style in the Tang Dynasty.
Tang poetry is the symbol of China's poetry. Four masters and poets in the early Tang Dynasty created a new poetic style-metrical poems on the basis of Yongming style, and five kinds of metrical poems were finally finalized by Song and Shen Quanqi. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the country was strong, and Li Bai, the third great man in the history of China's poetry, stepped onto the poetic scene. With his peerless talent and unrestrained and elegant temperament, he wrote poems such as "Difficult Road to Shu" and "Entering Wine", which are unpredictable, full of backbone, without trace and profound and meaningful. The frontier poets Gao Shi and Cen Can's Ge Yanxing and The Journey to the West make the frontier life magnificent, heroic and generous. Pastoral poets Wang Wei and Meng Haoran expressed the tranquility and beauty of landscape pastoral as beauty and ethereal.
In 775 AD, An Shi Rebellion broke out. Du Fu, the fourth great man in the history of China's poetry, wrote about human disasters in the war with earth-shattering songs. "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" incorporate deep lyricism into the narrative, which is a major change in the way of poetry expression and marks the transformation from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is a connecting figure, and his fate led to Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty. Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Li He, and the school of bitter poetry made strange remarks; Li Shangyin's Seven Laws began in the late Tang Dynasty and became a model for later generations.
In the middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi's sad Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Trip, and Han Yu's cruel and generous Song of Deer Soul and Shigu Mountain Fire led the climax of poetry in the middle Tang Dynasty. However, in the late Tang Dynasty, the poetic style changed again, and Du Mu's epic was infused with profound historical feelings. Li Shangyin's Beitie (Seven Laws) is gloomy and unique to Du Fu, while his obscure poems such as Jinse and Untitled go deep into the spiritual world, forming a melancholy and colorful style and becoming the last poet in the Tang Dynasty.