Event Review: On June 9, 2005, four left-behind children committed suicide in Tiankan Township, Qixingguan District, Bijie City, Guizhou Province. In recent years, in the process of large-scale population mobility and urbanization, two new educational marginalized groups have emerged: the children of migrant workers who work in cities, and their children who stay at home in rural areas-"left-behind children". Compared with the former, the latter is less well-known and has attracted widespread attention in the past year or two. According to the census data of 20 10, there are 358 floating children under the age of 710000 in China, and 6 1025500 left-behind children in rural areas, accounting for 37.7% of rural children. The total number of these two groups is about 1 100 million. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, at the end of 20 13, there were 34.039 million migrant children 1277 1700 and 21267,500 left-behind children. Relevant surveys released by non-governmental organizations show that there are about17.93 million left-behind children in rural areas in China, and they can only see their parents 1~2 times a year; About 92 1 000 children "can't see their parents all the year round". After Bijie incident, the problem of left-behind children has become the focus of social attention, and the problem of mutual transformation of floating children has also caused extensive discussion.
Reason for selection: The tragedy of left-behind children in Bijie is far more serious than natural disasters and general emergencies, and also far more serious than Bijie City and Guizhou Province; It is a disturbing microcosm of a huge social group, and it is also the critical point of the failure of overall social governance. What it reveals is the absence of protection of children's rights and interests in China and the failure of rural education, rural governance and social governance; We should continue to pay attention to the left-behind floating children, and explore ways to solve the problem of left-behind floating children through diversified social participation such as investigation, discussion, policy advocacy and practical intervention.
2. Improve the funding guarantee mechanism for urban and rural compulsory education.
Event Review: On June 5438+065438+ 10, the State Council issued the Notice on Further Improving the Guarantee Mechanism of Compulsory Education Funds in Urban and Rural Areas, and comprehensively deployed and coordinated the balanced allocation of compulsory education resources in urban and rural areas. The circular requires all regions and relevant departments to "improve the mechanism and integrate urban and rural areas;" Increase investment and highlight key points; Innovating management and promoting reform; Step-by-step implementation and orderly progress "principle, integrate the rural compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism and the urban compulsory education incentive policy, and establish a unified and focused rural compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism. The first is to unify the policy of "two exemptions and one subsidy" for urban and rural compulsory education from the spring semester of 20 17. Second, starting from the spring semester of 20 16, the benchmark quota of public funds per student in urban and rural compulsory education schools will be unified. The third is to consolidate and improve the long-term mechanism of safety guarantee for rural compulsory education schools. The fourth is to consolidate and implement the wage policy for teachers in urban and rural compulsory education.
Reason for being selected: It is another milestone in the history of compulsory education in China to establish a funding guarantee mechanism for compulsory education that is unified between urban and rural areas and focuses on rural areas for the first time, which is of great significance for promoting education equity, improving education quality and realizing portability of relevant education funds. "Money goes with people" is expected to benefit more than130,000 floating children, which is an institutional innovation in the field of basic public services to actively adapt to the new urbanization construction and household registration system reform. In addition, more than 30 million boarding students, about120,000 private school students, about 5 million small-scale school students and special education students will also benefit.
3. Launched the rural teacher support program.
Event Review: From 2065438 to June 2005, the General Office of the State Council issued "Support Plan for Rural Teachers (20 15-2020)", pointing out that the construction of rural teachers must be given priority in strategic development. The "Plan" clearly pays special attention to eight measures: First, comprehensively improve the ideological and political quality and professional ethics of rural teachers. The second is to expand the supplementary channels for rural teachers. Expand the implementation scale of the special post plan for rural teachers, and focus on supporting rural teachers in poverty-stricken areas such as poverty-stricken islands in the central and western regions. The third is to improve the living conditions of rural teachers. We will fully implement the living allowance policy for rural teachers in concentrated contiguous areas. The fourth is to unify the establishment standards of urban and rural faculty. Fifth, the evaluation of professional titles (positions) is inclined to rural schools. The sixth is to promote the flow of excellent teachers from towns to rural schools. Seventh, comprehensively improve the ability and quality of rural teachers. The eighth is to establish an honor system for rural teachers.
Reason for being selected: Rural education under the background of new urbanization has attracted much attention in recent years, and the construction of teachers is the top priority in developing rural education. Due to the aging of teachers, it is difficult to update and supplement, and many small villages and teaching points are in the predicament of low education quality and unsustainable. The rural teacher support program has high hopes, and whether it can achieve "bottom-up salary" remains to be verified by practice.
4. Promote the policy of free secondary vocational education.
Event Review: In September, Gansu Province issued the "Implementation Opinions on Actively Promoting the Poverty Alleviation Project through Education", proposing to implement the tuition-free policy for secondary vocational education in the province from 20 15; Henan Province has also officially exempted all full-time formal students' tuition fees from all kinds of secondary vocational schools in the province from this autumn semester. In addition, the implementation scope of the free policy of secondary vocational education in Hainan Province has been further expanded, and the tuition-free policy has been fully implemented for students of public secondary vocational schools since 20 15. In June+10, 5438, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Proposal on Formulating the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, stipulated, "Popularize high school education, gradually promote secondary vocational education to exempt tuition and miscellaneous fees, and take the lead in exempting ordinary high school tuition and miscellaneous fees from students with financial difficulties in establishing a file."
Reason for being selected: Although there are doubts and controversies about the benefits and effects of the free policy of secondary vocational education in recent years, the scope and intensity of its free education are still expanding. This year, some provinces and cities have further introduced a new policy of completely exempting tuition fees. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to vigorously develop vocational education, and increasing financial input is the basic guarantee for achieving policy objectives; However, it is also urgent to improve the quality of running secondary vocational schools. Starting with reforming the management system and strengthening supervision and evaluation, we can solve many problems such as chaotic layout of vocational schools, low quality of running schools and weak cooperation between schools and enterprises.
5. School violence
Event Review: On 20 15, vicious violence on campus, especially violence against girls, was frequently exposed. In March, China female students were kidnapped by their peers in Los Angeles, which shocked the Chinese community. In May, a number of girls from Shiligang Middle School in leping city, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province beat a girl, and a girl from Lianyungang Radio and TV University was stripped naked and beaten by a number of girls, and her photos were posted online. In June, a video of a group of junior high school girls beating a girl in Ji 'an Yongxin Junior High School in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province was widely circulated on the Internet. 1 1 In June, Chongqing Rongchang District Court heard a case in which a girl was beaten by five roommates in the dormitory to a level 10 disability because of her untidy clothes. In the same month, a girl in Grade 8 of Shandan No.2 Middle School in Zhangye City, Gansu Province was slapped 38 times by her classmates in 6 minutes. ...
Reason for being selected: Although campus violence is not a one-off event, it may be exposed more frequently with the expansion and diversification of information dissemination channels such as the Internet, but it does not mean that the problem does not need to be solved. In addition to in-depth study of the problems and trends of campus violence, the responsibilities paid by families, schools and even society cannot be absent, and legal intervention needs to be improved.
6. The academic pressure and burden of teenagers.
Event Review: In September, a girl who repeated her studies in Jilin jumped off a building because of her unsatisfactory grades. 165438+ 10, a junior high school student aged 15 in Nanyang City, Henan Province suddenly died in class. It is reported that he did his homework until 12 the night before and got up at 6: 20 in the morning. In the same month, a 13-year-old girl in Shancheng District, Hebi City, Henan Province was killed by her biological mother because of her poor academic performance. The follow-up investigation and discussion of children's sleep time in China Education News shows that the sleep deficiency rate of students aged 6- 12 is 74.2%, and that of students aged 13- 17 is 8 1. 1%,1. Homework has become the main "sleep killer". Correspondingly, the cover of the first issue of Atlantic Monthly (12) reported "Suicide in Silicon Valley", saying that from last year 10 to this spring, four high school students committed suicide in Palo Alto, the center of Silicon Valley, and three of them were from China. These students got excellent grades, and some even got straight A's. According to our reporter's investigation, the main factor of suicide is pressure: pressure from parents, teachers and themselves, not only to do well in academic performance, but also to do well in a series of other activities; All kinds of pressures make these children feel tired, incompetent and extremely lonely.
Reason for being selected: "Quality Education" and "New Education" have been implemented for quite some time, and the burden reduction is not small. However, the academic pressure and burden of teenagers is still a problem. Why is it always difficult to reduce the burden? The phenomenon of sudden death and suicide of students due to their studies is still constant, which deserves our reflection.
7. Deepen the reform of the title system of primary and secondary school teachers.
Event Review: In September, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Education jointly issued "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Professional Title System of Primary and Secondary School Teachers", which made it clear that the reform of professional title system of primary and secondary school teachers was carried out nationwide. This reform unified the two series of titles of primary and secondary schools that have been implemented since 1986, set up full and senior titles for the first time, and designed the overall title system of primary and secondary schools from the aspects of institutional framework, evaluation criteria and evaluation mechanism.
Reason for being selected: This reform aims at promoting the professional development of teachers. In view of some problems existing in the evaluation of existing professional titles, a series of very targeted measures are put forward. For example, the integrated reform of teacher evaluation and employment is conducive to the equalization of positions and contributions and mobilizing the enthusiasm of outstanding young teachers. The reform of the principal rank system is a kind of "de-administrative" reform, which can make principals pay more attention to schools and students and is conducive to the professional development of principals. At present, the evaluation of rural teachers' professional titles is relatively weak, and this reform of professional title evaluation also proposes to tilt towards rural teachers.
8. Corruption and governance in colleges and universities are controversial.
Event Review: On June 5438+early February, the leading party group of the Ministry of Education held a video conference to report the recent investigation of Wang Cizhao, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of the Central Conservatory of Music, holding a wedding banquet for his daughter in violation of regulations, setting up a "small treasury" for fictitious expenses at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, and Tang, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of Liu Ya and university of international business and economics and former dean of the International Business School, about illegal part-time remuneration. In June 165438+ 10, the news that eight leading cadres from China Communication University, including Party Secretary to Vice President, were punished by "even pot" for illegally using cars and "exceeding the standard" caused a heated discussion. According to the rough statistics of Henan Business Daily reporters, since the 18th National Congress, there have been more than 50 corruption cases in colleges and universities published on the website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection alone. Since the beginning of this year, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee has notified 32 leading cadres in colleges and universities suspected of violating discipline. From enrollment to logistics infrastructure, from material procurement to scientific research funds, from school-run enterprises to academic integrity, corruption and governance failures in colleges and universities continue. In June, two famous universities in Tsinghua and Peking University staged a farce. Fudan failed to get the first place in the college entrance examination because of the admission notice. In May, the official new promotional film of Fudan was accused of copying the 20 14 promotional film of Tokyo University. In July, the admission notice of Wuhan University was questioned by the National People's Congress.
Reason for being selected: As the highest institution for teaching and educating people, corruption in the "ivory tower" is difficult to ban and governance problems are frequent. However, we should have a sense of crisis and urgency, seize these events as an opportunity for in-depth reform, turn the hardest-hit areas of educational corruption and problems into experimental areas that take the lead in reform, make up for it, carry out substantive system construction, effectively prevent and contain educational corruption and governance problems, and rebuild educational credibility.
9. Innovation in folk education has flourished.
Event Review: In April, at the "First Life Education Innovation Summit" sponsored by non-governmental organizations, many bottom-up educational innovation cases were presented and exchanged with each other. The platform shared educational innovation cases from grass-roots schools, teachers, parents, students, governments, enterprises and public welfare organizations after more than one year's research and expert screening, including Yolanda high school experimental class with deep discipline integration of "learning under low control", Shaanxi Xinjiang Middle School, which tried to stimulate students' learning autonomy through "half-day teaching" in rural areas, and Beijing Yizhuang Experimental Primary School, which aimed at cultivating the whole people, carried out whole-process reform and realized interdisciplinary thematic teaching. In February, 65438, the "China Annual Conference on Educational Innovation" sponsored by New Principal magazine and the "China Exhibition on Educational Innovation Achievements" sponsored by Beijing Normal University were also held one after another.
Reason for being selected: In China, education reform and innovation are entering a very active period, whether from the top-down education reform level of the country or from the bottom-up local non-institutionalized independent innovation exploration level. At this turning point in history, from meeting basic needs to pursuing good education and ideal education means that we should move towards people-oriented education, child-centered education, learner-centered education, education to prepare for life and education to reshape life. The outbreak of innovation in folk education has given us new hope.
10, management and management scores are separated from the reform pilot.
Event Review: From 2065438 to May 2005, the Ministry of Education issued "Several Opinions on Deepening the Classification Separation of Education Management and Office and Promoting the Transformation of Government Functions", which marked the official start of deepening the reform of education supervision system, transforming education management functions, and deploying and constructing a new pattern of "government management education, school running and social evaluation education". In September, the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Organizing the Application for the Pilot Reform of Classified Separation of Education Management Offices identified Beijing Dongcheng District Education Committee, Shanghai Education Committee, Wuxi Education Bureau, Zhejiang Education Department, Qingdao Education Bureau, Chongqing jiangjin district Municipal People's Government, Chengdu Education Bureau and Karamay Education Bureau as comprehensive pilot units of the National Education Management Office, and Wulanchabu Education Bureau, Shenyang Education Bureau, Shunde Education Bureau of Foshan City and Northwest University as individual pilot units.
Reason for being selected: it is an inevitable requirement to comprehensively deepen the important content of comprehensive reform in the field of education, comprehensively promote the administration of education according to law, promote the separation of management and operation, and build a new relationship among government, schools and society. However, how to build a new relationship among the government, schools and society and how to turn the evaluation of the education management office from a blueprint on paper into reality need to be discussed in depth.
(This article is from 2 1 Century Education Research Institute)