Centralization was the first change in history, and it was enfeoffed by the Zhou Dynasty, thus it was transformed into the centralized system of Qin Dynasty for autocracy. He will also have advantages and disadvantages, but Qin's use of this system does more harm than good. So please only have a short life of 15 years. When Liu Bang arrived, he adopted the union system. This system contributed to Liu Bang's victory. It is a combination of enfeoffment and centralization. Therefore, Liu's world can be long-term.

? order

Centralization is a broken political system. There are many loopholes, but this is a big change in history. She is different from the enfeoffment system, which exists for the development of her country, but the centralized system is autocratic monarchy.

? First, the aristocratic enfeoffment system

The enfeoffment system is a system for establishing local governments.

1. Clan official system

At first, it was used by the Zhou Dynasty, and the Western Zhou Dynasty was centered on the nobles at that time. The ruling system of the Western Zhou Dynasty was based on the clan official system.

? 2. The contradiction between clan and royal family

At that time, nobility was everything. When the nobility reached a certain level, they naturally had strong ambitions. Directly deterred the interests of the royal family. So there are contradictions between the nobility and the royal family, but they are against a king and never against kingship. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the cause of aristocratic families was based on the premise of harming Wang Xi's interests. In this way, they forget to regard the king as a real king. If so, there would be no system to manage them under this system of enfeoffment. In their eyes, no king is a real king.

3. Dr. Qing

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Dr. Qing was the king. At that time, because the king was deprived of the land right by the nobles, it was established with the help of Dr. Qing when the royal power became stronger and stronger. Without these people around the king, it is very difficult to become a kingship. However, when the royal family became stronger, he wanted to get rid of these people around him. You have your own authoritarian political system. He will add all the rights of the people around him. However, to achieve the purpose of their own rule. When the royal family was weak, the doctor deprived the king of many benefits, just like in the Third Ring Road. At that time, Duke Lu was weak, and his troops there were all his soldiers at first. However, in the end, the doctors around him quietly turned these forces into their own. In the final stage, his troops were gone. And Wang wants to get rid of these people. These people must be deprived of their land. If this doesn't work. Then subdued by force, in this case, the contradiction between these doctors in Wang Shiyu. It's getting deeper and deeper. Let's talk about a utilization relationship first. Thus turning into a hostile relationship. These aristocratic children don't have much status in the clan.

? 4. The emergence of centralized system

? In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, after the nobles got some benefits from the royal family. He began to rebel against the royal family, thus becoming king on his own, and thus the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period began. Qin Shihuang unified the world, and naturally he would not enfeoffment ministers as in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, so he devoted himself to centralization of authority. He achieved absolute monarchy, but the emergence of this political system promoted Qin Shihuang's success. However, the emergence of this ruling system. There are bound to be disadvantages. This is the political system of Mingjun.

5. Centralization replaces enfeoffment.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, naturally some people were not killed, so she would not give these people a chance to develop. He learned a lesson from his previous life, and instead of using the enfeoffment system, he used the centralized system to strengthen local management. Although the enfeoffment system was easy, it was easily rebelled by the courtiers, because he divided the land and did not expand himself. In this way, his generals have some rights, and when they are strong, they will devour their masters. This led to the split situation in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. And centralization is his opposite. This system has greatly controlled the local development. However, the central government benefited, and local rebellion was controlled here, so the centralized system was more progressive than the enfeoffment system. In this way, the local officials or ministers of the imperial court are full of bad feelings. I dare not be careful. Therefore, centralization replaced the enfeoffment system.

Second, the advantages and disadvantages of centralized system and enfeoffment system

The best politics used in the Zhou Dynasty was the enfeoffment system, which existed in the Zhou Dynasty for hundreds of years. But in the Qin Dynasty, he abolished the enfeoffment system and established a centralized system. This is the politics of absolute monarchy, but with the implementation of this political system, Qin will surely perish, and both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Of course, centralization is very good. But he also has his own shortcomings. Otherwise, the state of Qin will not perish in 15.

1. The characteristics of the enfeoffment system

The enfeoffment system, in which he can manage the territory, is for the local lords and enfeoffment. The central government rarely intervenes, which is equivalent to giving the land to others, and this land is awarded to the Lord. Everything on the fenced land, everything and income and expenditure belong to the local Lord. The central government asked to contribute to the royal family, but the lords sometimes had ambitions and even gave up and stopped contributing. On the land owned by the Lord himself, the Lord can have troops and rights, and the Lord is the owner of this land. He can call these troops at any time. It is his great event that he can respond to the response of the central authorities. Once the Central Committee asked him to go to war, he was obliged to go, which was equivalent to sending him. This greatly lightened the obligation of the central authorities. The central army can protect the frontier without training, which may be a major attraction of the enfeoffment system, and the territory can be inherited by the children of the lords. It's like Dayu enlightened his son and gave him territory, but there were no kings like two generations in ancient times. People in the territory, as well as all money and property, and agricultural achievements will be restricted. Some lords distribute these things themselves. This is the characteristic of the enfeoffment system.

2. Advantages and disadvantages of enfeoffment system

His advantage lies in reducing the management pressure and difficulty of the central government. This means that the government will not be too tired, and it will reduce the government's expenditure on military and war. In this way, their expenses will be reduced. The enfeoffment system is quite similar here, so he was sent to open up wasteland. At that time, the land was still very small, and the kings at that time were basically not called state affairs. Can only be said to be tribal leaders, so the generals sent out again will develop wasteland and establish their own country. However, this system. By the late Western Zhou Dynasty. It is also a great scourge. This also allowed the lords to manage in their own way. This is equivalent to being divided into countless small countries. Nominally, it was the Zhou Dynasty, but secretly, the power of the Zhou Dynasty was greatly weakened. Objectively, it is easy to be betrayed by generals of various countries, but it will also play a limiting role. Lords can check each other. This is the emergence of democracy. At that time, the general was bent on developing his own wasteland, but when it reached a certain level, it would be bordered by two kings. So there was a war. He will also restrict farmers to specific land. This led to the emergence of the landlord class. This is the relationship between the monarch and his subjects. The general who develops wasteland is the landlord class, and his peasants and people work for him. There is also the emergence of the landlord and the refined peasant model, all of which are the development of the territory by the lords. When the local economy is still in the primary stage, the development of its territory can stimulate the development of the local economy. This is a historical necessity, and its disadvantage is that it weakens the central military capability. The power of the monarch will be greatly weakened. The allocated territory is irrecoverable. This can easily lead to the weakening of central rule. Then he went to the actual division, and in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, he was assigned as a general of territory. They are not limited to their own rights. Naturally, they want to expand their territory and be king themselves. Not only that, but also reduced the central fiscal revenue. The financial treasury of the Western Zhou Dynasty was empty because the monarch did not really manage it. So that the treasury is empty, once you rebel, you will never win again. War is easy to happen between lords, which will destroy social order. There can be no peace without war, and it is still very difficult to unify politics.

? 3. The benefits of the enfeoffment system to the people.

This is because the people have been nourished by a democratic society. At that time, the generals basically managed and collected taxes from farmers, but they did not really form. Farmers could farm their own land. Merchants can also sell their own things. People who read books are idle and bored. Everything is simple, so it's not like after. Life is very happy and simple. This is what future generations yearn for.

? 4. The characteristics of centralized system

But this is not good for the king. ? In the Qin dynasty, Qin Shihuang adopted a centralized system, and the whole bureaucratic system was unified in the county system, which bound the people together. It's easier to manage and people will hold each other back. It can be said that it is a family, and those who make mistakes suffer. So every family supervises other families. This kind of power was thus produced and applied to military and agricultural life. This has greatly concentrated manpower and improved morale, and it is also a substantial increase in grain output.

5. Advantages and disadvantages of centralized system

This is China's unified country. Qin's law also has two characteristics. One is that the legal system is managed by the monarch alone. Group owners make decisions and control the whole big country. The second is based on the law, hell to pay. This is that Qin has become a country with both military and civilian use. For a wise monarch, centralization is good. If the virtuous Fu Su takes the lead, the tyrant can't do it. Then, the world was at peace, but the cruel Hu Hai took over, and it became more and more fierce, and people hated him. This is an important reason for the country's demise. ? In the system of enfeoffment, generals were sent to open up wasteland, which expanded the territory and facilitated the rule, but the central power was not good. Hundreds of years later, people became unstable and war broke out. And he stopped expanding his territory. So as to realize the bureaucratic system of managing territory, and the centralized system is to expand one's own territory instead of reclaiming land. However, it is to unify the domestic unrest. Because times are different, they have different purposes. In Qin Shihuang's time, it was clear, but in Hu Hai's time, this method was completely unworkable.

? 6. Benefits to the country

Both have disadvantages, and both have different benefits for the people. The enfeoffment system is for the people. His advantage is that he will not bring too much pressure to the people. However, the quality and output of grain products have not been greatly improved, so the national treasury is empty. And centralization makes people feel pressure. As a result, all grain output has been greatly improved. This is the advantage of centralization. If the two complement each other, I will become a peacetime.

Third, why did the Qin Dynasty perish?

The Zhou dynasty adopted the enfeoffment system, and in the Qin dynasty, the centralized system replaced the enfeoffment system. However, centralized countries are dying faster, so why should centralized countries die? Obviously, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Centralized state is a good management system, but it still has many disadvantages. This is the cause of the country's demise.

1. Use centralized resources.

In the state of Qin, Qin Shihuang originally used the enfeoffment system. But Reese put forward his own point of view that the gap between relatives will eventually lead to war. If the kings are divided in this way, the relationship between the kings is still relatively close, but what about their son? Maybe the relationship is not good. In this way, generations are alienated from each other, and in this way, sooner or later, they will fight. This method won't work. The same is true in the Western Jin Dynasty, where there was a rebellion of seven countries and a rebellion of eight kings. The enfeoffment system was no longer applicable to that period, so Qin Shihuang used centralized system.

2. The formation of centralized system

In order to ensure local management, he also set up a bureaucracy in the local area. With the establishment of the county system, the whole unified country is completed on the county system. ? The Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the system of enfeoffment, based on blood relationship. The local noon leaders are all related people, and their origins determine their status. However, Qin Shihuang adopted an unprecedented centralization of authority in his reform and renewal. Naturally, it is not as good as other kingdoms in the way of rule. This bureaucratic system is mainly reflected in convenience and local management. At the local level, all farmers will be divided into households, just like five households are one and ten households are ten. The whole place will be divided into such hierarchical divisions. It's easier to lead. This system means that as long as one person in Wu makes a mistake, he will be punished together with the other four families. If one in ten families makes a mistake. Ten families suffered one after another, and this bureaucratic system greatly reduced the rights of local officials, and the emperor solved all major and minor issues by himself. However, Qin Shihuang was this man. Busy with state affairs every day, he has so many simple bamboos to read. This greatly increased the monarch's labor force. Qin Shihuang weighed bamboo slips with scales every day. Set yourself a certain amount every day. This is what the monarch must do.

3. Centralization can only play a role.

Only in the period of national morality. This bureaucracy will show its real role. It's like in Qin Shihuang's time. In order to play its real role. Farmers don't often rebel. During the reign of Qin Shihuang, the world seemed very peaceful. However, in the period of Hu Hai's tyranny, the world was in chaos. At that time, the whole bureaucracy was presided over by Prime Minister Zhao Gao alone. II's tyranny is the practice of tyrants. During this period, centralized system could not play its real role. Zhao Gao was in power, so that the imperial court was filled with smoke. This is a major advantage and disadvantage of centralized system. If this is the only way, the demise of Qin is understandable. Just as culpable of punishment, if the successor is not Hu Hai, but Fu Su, the dutiful son, the Qin Dynasty will last for a long time. However, Hu Hai ran amok. He took 700,000 people out of a prison to rebuild Epang Palace, just for this house. Later, she sent these prisoners to fight. Therefore, it is unwise for tyrants to use centralized system. This is the transitional period of centralized system. ? The most fundamental reason for the demise of the Qin Dynasty was the establishment of a county system throughout the country. Although this has greatly reduced the pressure on local officials. But the pressure from the central government is also enormous. The king's hard work day and night always made him very tired, so he slowly discovered the problem. Above the moving average, five farmers were tied together, one had an accident and the remaining four suffered together. Originally, farmers were allowed to supervise each other, but slowly, farmers were always implicated by others, and slowly they gave birth to the psychology of revenge. Qin's heart was shaken. This is another reason for the demise of Qin. The demise of the State of Qin resulted in no greater improvement in centralization of authority and decadent kings. However, this aroused the anger of the masses, and the Qin Dynasty also perished. ? Centralization gives the monarch greater rights. ? But at the same time, it also laid a curse, and Qin slowly perished. Centralization makes a dynasty decline. The disadvantages of centralization outweigh the advantages. It also contributed to the demise of the Qin dynasty.

The combination of enfeoffment and centralization.

Liu bang unified the world and adopted a unified system. This is Korea's unification of the world, and it is very smooth. This has a very stable effect. In history, Liu Bang may have succeeded by this system.

1. Integration of enfeoffment system and centralization system

The political system used in the Han dynasty is called the alliance system. This system is a multiple integration of two systems. That is the enfeoffment system in the Zhou Dynasty and the centralized system in which the Qin Dynasty unified the world. It can be said that this political system consists of local government enfeoffment and centralization. This is killing two birds with one stone. The integration of enfeoffment and centralization led to Liu Bang's victory in the hegemony between Chu and Han.

1. 1 key points of enfeoffment system

At the last minute, Peng Yue and Han Xin both wanted to share the land. This is the most critical moment. If we don't give them land, maybe they will rebel, saying that Liu Bang just divided his territory, in order to seize the world, which embodies the enfeoffment system.

1.2 centralization is intense.

Liu bang later adopted a centralized system. When his 560,000 troops were defeated, he took Han Xin's soldiers with him. This aspect is centralization, which makes him strong and weakens the strength of the generals around him. 1.3 is the integration of the political system good or bad?

The political system he adopted was a fusion of the two systems. Both have their own needs, and the enfeoffment system can reduce the pressure exerted by the central authorities, thus sharing points with other trusted generals. The generals will not defect anytime soon. This is another great advantage of the enfeoffment system. But he still lacks something, centralization of authority, that is, the difficulty of reunification has increased, but the power in the hands of the king has also increased. If the two can be combined into one. Then the dynasty will certainly become very lasting. However, this is the political system used by Liu Bang. On the one hand, it enfeoffed with other generals, on the other hand, it concentrated its own rights. Kill two birds with one stone.

2. Disadvantages of the enfeoffment system The enfeoffment system was unified in the Zhou Dynasty, but it also laid a curse. The enfeoffment system means that the general will open up wasteland. It did more harm than good, and the change led to the demise of the Zhou Dynasty.

2. 1 Less land and more people

At that time, the land of the Zhou Dynasty was not very large. That is, the location with less land and more people. At that time, in order to develop their own territory, Zhou had to establish a system of enfeoffment. But it also left a permanent curse for its own demise.

? 2.2 c is powerful and rebellious

Where Zhou is, there will always be a little bit. But the divided vassal states, unlike the Zhou Emperor, all had their own ambitions and gradually expanded their territories. When the land of these princes became bigger. They want to be kings themselves, when all the generals reach a consensus. If you want to rebel and stand on your own two feet, everyone will gather to attack Zhou. This is the demise of Zhou Guo. After all, they are ambitious generals. If the goal is too high, they will naturally resist. This is inevitable, and this is also the reason for the demise of the Zhou Dynasty.

3. Disadvantages of centralized system

Qin Shihuang's system of unifying the world is different from other dynasties, that is, centralized system. He has many shortcomings, which is also the basic reason for the demise of a country.

3. 1 has a vast territory and a large population.

During the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang had a vast territory and a large population. At that time, the country was rich and did not need the enfeoffment system. In the Zhou Dynasty in history, there was little land at that time, so it adopted the enfeoffment system, thus expanding the area of its own country. By the Qing Dynasty, the population was very large and the land was very vast, so there was no need to worry about expanding the land, so great efforts were made to unify the mainland. However, the centralized system replaced the enfeoffment system used by all countries in the past.

? 3.2 Qin Shihuang's childhood experience and the changes of historical dynasties

When Qin Shihuang was a child, he was a puppet controlled by Prime Minister Lv Buwei. When Lv Buwei came to power, the court was divided into two worlds, one was the world of Zhao and the other was the world of Lao Ai. However, he was very tolerant from an early age. When he became a real emperor, he was determined to concentrate his power. In the dynasties of history, the enfeoffment system often caused the demise of an empire. Centralization of authority founded by Qin Shihuang.

? 4. The alliance system combines the essence of enfeoffment and centralization, thus creating this relatively complete political system, and Liu Bang is the witness of this system. He adopted this system and weakened his generals. After every failure, he has no strength. He ran to Han Xin's camp and took their military insignia. He took Han Xin's soldiers away as part of his efforts to weaken the generals. This reflects his centralization of authority. In the last war, Han Xin and Peng Yue wanted to carve up the land, so Liu Bang made them king. This reflects his enfeoffment system. However, the Han dynasty was very long, which shows that the unified system perfectly combined the advantages of enfeoffment system and centralized system. ?

Conclusion:

The enfeoffment system is to expand the territory, but the enfeoffment of generals is to send people to open up wasteland. After the expansion of the territory, coercion often resisted, and the Zhou Dynasty perished. Centralized system, adopting county system and military agriculture, has been greatly improved. However, Hu Hai abused his power when he was in power, which further led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty.

The unified system completed a relatively complete system in the history of China. There is no doubt that this is a successful political system with historical deduction.

This improved the integrity of the empire, thus establishing a super empire in history. There is no doubt that centralization has played an important role. The combination of enfeoffment and centralization. Then a more perfect political system emerged, which shows that the centralized system has left many useful things in history, which is a major change in history. Centralization is a bright spot in history.

? Extract literature

? Peaks and valleys