2/kloc-0 At the beginning of the 20th century, the BBC held an online selection of "Millennium Thinkers" around the world, and as a result, Marx ranked first. Marxism is a science about the proletariat and human liberation. Its appearance has realized the epoch-making great changes of mankind and erected an unprecedented immortal monument in the history of human thought.
Marxism is a theory about the complete liberation of the world proletariat and all mankind. It consists of Marxist philosophy, Marxist political economy and scientific socialism. It is a proletarian ideological system founded by Marx and Engels in the 1940s on the basis of critically inheriting and absorbing the outstanding achievements of human beings in natural science, thinking science and social science, and it has been continuously enriched, developed and perfected in practice.
Marxist philosophy is a scientific world outlook and methodology, which realizes the unity of materialism and dialectics, materialism and historical view. Historical materialism is Marx's great discovery, Marxist philosophy is the philosophy of unity of revolution and science, the scientific world outlook and methodology of the proletariat, Marxist philosophy is an open and developing system, Marxist philosophy and modern scientific and technological revolution. Marxist philosophy is the theoretical basis of building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and Marxist economic politics is a science that studies the socialist relations of production and its development law on the basis of certain productive forces. Its logical points can be summarized by "five ones": a foundation, a relationship, a center, a contradiction and a conclusion. One foundation is based on the theory of labor as value, one relationship refers to the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, one center refers to the re-elaboration of surplus value, and one contradiction is that the capitalist system will surely perish. In addition, social scientism, also known as scientific communism, is specific scientific's theory that people know society. On the basis of criticizing utopian socialism of past dynasties with dialectical materialism, Marx and Engels revealed and discovered the anti-war laws of human society and the laws of contemporary capitalist economic movement from the perspective of historical materialism. That is the law of surplus value. Marx's discovery of these two laws turned socialism from fantasy into reality.
Marxist historical materialism tells us that in class society, it is class struggle that pushes history forward, and one of the most fundamental things that Chairman Mao learned from Marx is class struggle. So what is the core problem of class struggle in class society? We always say that slaves make history, not heroes; It is always said that the people are the masters of history, and it is also acknowledged that class society and class struggle are the real driving force of historical development. But how to understand the history made by slaves, the people are the masters of history and the essence of class struggle?
The essence of class struggle is the struggle between the two classes, the struggle between the exploiting class and the working people. The relationship between their struggle and historical development is as follows: the exploiting class exploited and oppressed the working people, which led to the working people not completely losing their enthusiasm for production, thus inhibiting the development of productive forces; Especially exploitation and oppression, the working people will inevitably rebel, revolt and fight in the end, which will undoubtedly greatly destroy the productive forces, hinder their development, hinder social progress and hinder historical progress.
Only the struggle, rebellion, uprising and war of the working people can force the exploiting class to make some concessions to the working people, gain more benefits than before, have the enthusiasm for production, and make the productive forces develop, society progress and history progress. Therefore, the so-called class struggle is the real driving force to promote historical progress. Its essence is that the exploiting classes fundamentally hinder and destroy the development of productive forces, and it is the working people who really promote historical progress! Therefore, the so-called class struggle is the real driving force to promote historical progress, and the most essential and core content is that the working people are the real driving force to promote historical progress! What does the working people rely on to push history forward? Is resistance, struggle, rebellion, uprising, war! In short, Chairman Mao said, "The truth of Marxism is complicated. In the final analysis, it is a sentence-rebellion is reasonable! " This is the best interpretation or annotation to the fact that slaves create history, the people are the masters of history, and the proletariat can finally liberate itself only by liberating all mankind, and that "there has never been a savior, nor does it rely on immortal emperors, but we create the human world".
If we admit that "those who win the hearts of the people win the world, those who win the hearts of the people win the world", that "water can also overturn a boat", that "the country is people-oriented" and that "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least", then the fundamental way to achieve "winning the hearts of the people, carrying a boat, serving the people and taking the people as the foundation" is to serve the people. To serve the people for a long time and forever, the fundamental way is that the people give priority and the people must have power. Only when the people really have the power can others serve the people for a long time and forever, and can they always "win the hearts of the people, carry boats, put people first, and put people first", and can they always win the world, carry boats and ensure national stability. What power does the people have? Rebellion is right! In the people's resistance, those who do not serve the people will all be eliminated, and those who really serve the people will take up leadership positions at all levels.
Class struggle is not a sharp and complicated life-and-death struggle from the beginning, it has a process of emergence, development and sharpness, the last life-and-death process, and a process of early-middle-late. In different periods of class struggle, the methods of struggle of working people are inevitably different. If we say that in the later stage, the working people must solve the problem through uprising and war, then in the middle stage, the problem can be solved through strike, and in the early stage, the problem can be solved through dismissal at any time. If the mid-term strike can solve the problem, there will be no subsequent uprising and war; If the problem is solved at any time in the early stage, there will be no strike. Therefore, the working people will eliminate all those who do not serve the people at any time in the early stage, and the class struggle will not develop into the middle stage and there will be no later stage.
To solve the problem in the early stage of class struggle, we must first seize political power. Marx once said that the struggle of all classes is to seize political power, so is the revolutionary class and so is the counter-revolutionary class. So with political power, you have everything, without political power, you lose everything; With the people's political power, you have everything for the people; without the people's political power, you lose everything for the people. So the working people must seize power. How did the working masses (people-mainly workers and peasants) seize and consolidate political power? Chairman Mao said: "With the people's army, everything is for the people; Without the people's army, everything will be lost. "Fundamentally speaking, the people must master the army. As long as the people really master the army, they will have the most powerful force. All those who do not serve the people will be abandoned by the people, and they must serve the people more and more.
How to get rid of those who don't serve the people at any time in the early days and let those who really serve the people take the leadership positions? Under the principle of serving the people, democracy formulates all disciplines and systems that leaders must abide by, and constantly improves and raises their level, and then lets everyone supervise them. Whoever violates the discipline and system will be found in the crowd. The next step is whether the people can seriously supervise, how to mobilize the enthusiasm of the people to the greatest extent, and how to solve the problems in supervision. I believe that as long as we rely on the people, we can solve these problems better and better. I also firmly believe that there must be a way to solve the problem of how the army is really in the hands of the people, that is, how the army must obey the people's command and resolutely stand on the side of the people's interests.
What is the core problem of class struggle? This is the core issue of class struggle. Everything that leaves this core issue to talk about class struggle fails to grasp the essence or core! Therefore, it is inevitable that the problem cannot be fundamentally solved.
There is also a problem of Marxist philosophy. One of the basic viewpoints of Marxist philosophy is that the objective determines the subjective, which is not opposed by all true Marxists. However, subjectivity is the reflection of objective things in the human brain and the formation of things through human thinking, which is human nature under certain conditions. People are things, everything has an internal cause, and subjectivity is the internal cause of people. Since subjectivity is the internal cause, all objective existence except subjectivity is the external cause of human beings. This objectively determines subjectivity, that is, external factors determine internal factors.
However, to say that external factors determine internal factors seems to be in contradiction with Marxism's "materialist dialectics holds that external factors are the conditions of change, internal factors are the basis of change, and external factors act through internal factors" and "this contradiction within things is the fundamental reason for the development of things, and the interconnection and interaction between one thing and other things is the second reason for the development of things".
In fact, it is not contradictory. Chairman Mao said in the article "On Contradiction": "Lenin said:' In the original sense, dialectics is the essential contradiction of the research object.' "。 The "research" in this sentence refers to the actions made by people, and the "object" refers to the objective existence outside the researcher. Therefore, materialist dialectics is to study the contradictions in the essence of objective things. Chairman Mao also said in his article: "This dialectical world outlook is mainly to teach people to be good at observing and analyzing the contradictory movements of various things, and according to this analysis, point out the ways to solve contradictions. Therefore, it is very important for us to know the law of contradiction in detail. "
Marxist philosophy and Chairman Mao's viewpoint on the relationship between internal and external causes are all based on people's subjective solution to objective problems. To solve objective problems, human beings must deeply understand the essence of objective things, that is, the form-characteristics of contradictory movements, in order to put forward correct solutions and solve problems. To put it another way, from the perspective of the development and change of things themselves, it is subjective that determines objectivity, and external factors determine internal factors. If an egg has the property of becoming a chicken, who will decide whether it can become a chicken? Can the egg itself decide? I can't. It's the temperature. Not only how things change determines some external factors, but also their production is the product of some external factors or conditions. For example, Chairman Mao also said in this article: "Because the social and economic conditions of many European countries have entered the stage of highly developed capitalism, productivity, class struggle and science have all developed to unprecedented levels in history, and the industrial proletariat has become the greatest driving force for historical development, thus producing the world outlook of Marxist materialist dialectics." . Without the condition that "the social and economic conditions of many European countries have entered a highly developed capitalist stage, productivity, class struggle and science have reached an unprecedented level in history, and the industrial proletariat has become the greatest driving force for historical development", "Marxist materialist dialectics world outlook" would not have emerged.
However, some people apply Marxist philosophy and Chairman Mao's viewpoint that "external cause is the condition of change and internal cause is the basis of change" to "from the perspective of the development and change of things themselves", as if from the perspective of the development and change of things themselves, it is also "external cause is the condition of change and internal cause is the basis of change" and "this contradiction within things is the fundamental reason for things, things and their development". If we understand from the perspective of the development and change of things themselves, this view is hardly correct, then Marxist philosophy and Chairman Mao's admission that "the objective determines the subjective" are incorrect. Because the subjectivity of people's thought, morality, consciousness and spirit is the internal cause of people, and this internal cause is determined by a certain objective environment or external cause. Therefore, "external cause is the condition of change, and internal cause is the basis of change", "This contradiction within things is the fundamental reason for the development of things, and the mutual connection and influence between one thing and other things is the second reason for the development of things." , we must solve objective problems from the subjective point of view; The objective decision of subjective or external factors determines that internal factors must be viewed from the perspective of the development and change of things themselves. Only in this way can we distinguish and correctly apply these two viewpoints.
That is, from the perspective of the development and change of things themselves, some people mistakenly understand and apply the view that "external factors are the conditions of change and internal factors are the basis of change", and think that the fundamental reason for the development and change of things is determined by things themselves, not external factors or conditions. We admit that everything is always in motion, from appearance to extinction, and no external reason or condition can stop or change it. But on the basis of this nature, how to complete this process can be decided by yourself? For example, when apples grow from trees in spring to mature in autumn, it is the time when health power is brought into full play. In the future, the power of health gradually decreased, and the negative power gradually increased. Finally, the power of health was completely defeated, that is, the apple finally rotted completely. Although the general trend cannot be changed, the decay rate will definitely change under certain conditions. Certain conditions will make it rot faster or slower. It will rot quickly if placed in a place with high temperature and many mosquitoes and flies; If it is kept under oxygen-free and zero temperature conditions, it will be kept for a long time. It is the process of apple from birth to maturity that determines the objective and external factors. Without the supply of water and nutrients, no apple will grow, let alone mature. Some apples died because of various disasters (objective and external reasons). Can Apple decide this series of processes? Isn't it determined by objective or external factors?
This internal factor is determined by certain objective environment or external factors. Therefore, "external cause is the condition of change, and internal cause is the basis of change", "This contradiction within things is the fundamental reason for the development of things, and the mutual connection and influence between one thing and other things is the second reason for the development of things." , we must solve objective problems from the subjective point of view; The objective decision of subjective or external factors determines that internal factors must be viewed from the perspective of the development and change of things themselves. Only in this way can we distinguish and correctly apply these two viewpoints.
That is, from the perspective of the development and change of things themselves, some people mistakenly understand and apply the view that "external factors are the conditions of change and internal factors are the basis of change", and think that the fundamental reason for the development and change of things is determined by things themselves, not external factors or conditions. We admit that everything is always in motion, from appearance to extinction, and no external reason or condition can stop or change it. But on the basis of this nature, how to complete this process can be decided by yourself? For example, when apples grow from trees in spring to mature in autumn, it is the time when health power is brought into full play. In the future, the power of health gradually decreased, and the negative power gradually increased. Finally, the power of health was completely defeated, that is, the apple finally rotted completely. Although the general trend cannot be changed, the decay rate will definitely change under certain conditions. Certain conditions will make it rot faster or slower. It will rot quickly if placed in a place with high temperature and many mosquitoes and flies; If it is kept under oxygen-free and zero temperature conditions, it will be kept for a long time. It is the process of apple from birth to maturity that determines the objective and external factors. Without the supply of water and nutrients, no apple will grow, let alone mature. Some apples died because of various disasters (objective and external reasons). Can Apple decide this series of processes? Isn't it determined by objective or external factors?
Finally, I want to talk about the sinicization of Marxism. China Marxism is to combine the basic principles of Marxism with the actual situation of China's revolution and construction, so as to put forward a socialist revolutionary construction road suitable for China's national conditions. In our Party, Comrade Mao Zedong first put forward the idea of Marxism in China. 1938 10, Mao Zedong pointed out in the political report "On the New Stage" of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "It is empty and abstract Marxism to talk about Marxism without China's characteristics. Therefore, the China of Marxism has the necessary characteristics of China in every performance, that is to say, it has become an urgent problem for the whole party to understand and solve according to the characteristics of China. " The achievements of China's theoretical innovation-Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic ideas-are the achievements of the China-oriented Marxism, while Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and the scientific outlook on development are the latest achievements of the sinicization of Marxism. Therefore, as the latest achievement of Marxism in China, Socialism with Chinese characteristics's theoretical system not only runs through the ideological line of "emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts", but also runs through the socialist essence of "liberating and developing productive forces, eliminating exploitation and polarization, and finally achieving common prosperity". But also runs through patriotism with "rejuvenating China and catching up with the times" as the main content. In other words, patriotism is Socialism with Chinese characteristics's value pursuit and basic principle, and Socialism with Chinese characteristics aims to "revitalize China and catch up with the times". This patriotism is the duty of socialism.
As college students in 2 1 century, we are faced with the task of undertaking the national socialist modernization. Study hard, arm yourself with correct theoretical knowledge, adhere to the Marxist road, China's leadership, Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization road, hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents. Because theory must be combined with practice to have vitality, and the universal principles of Marxism must be combined with China's specific national conditions and practice to play a guiding role. Therefore, we should vigorously develop the concept of scientific innovation with a pragmatic attitude, that is, especially now, we should base ourselves on the present, set goals for ourselves, make plans for the future, and look at the world and great changes with a developed eye.