Shanhaiguan 1
Shanhaiguan, also known as Guan Yu, Guan Yu and Lu Linguan, is located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 15km, and is one of the northeast passes of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty.
1990 was considered as the starting point of the eastern end of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. It is known as one of the "three wonders" of the Great Wall of China (Shanhaiguan in the east, Beitai in the middle and Jiayuguan in the west) and "the first pass in the world" and "the throat of the border county is guaranteed by the capital", which echoes Jiayuguan thousands of miles away and is famous all over the world.
In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1 year), the city was built, the customs were built and the guards were set up, so it was named Shanhaiguan. Shanhaiguan city is about 4 kilometers in circumference, connected with the Great Wall and taking the city as the gateway. The city is 14 meters high and 7 meters thick, with four main doors and various defensive buildings. Including "the first pass in the world" Arrow Tower, Jingbian Tower, Muying Tower, Lulin Tower, Wengcheng and 1350-meter-long Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty Plain.
1961March 4th, Wan Li Great Wall-Shanhaiguan was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
2. Tongguan
Tongguan is located in the north of Tongguan County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, with the Yellow River in the north and the mountainside in the south. "Notes on Water Classics" says: "The river flows south in the Pass, stirring the Pass, hence the name Tongguan." Built in the first year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (196).
Tongguan, the eastern gate of Guanzhong, has always been a battleground for military strategists, ranking second among the top ten famous customs in China and known as the "first pass". Emperor Qianlong visited the great rivers and mountains of the empire. In this regard, he couldn't help feeling the rigor of Tongguan, leaving a "first pass" gold-plated imperial book on his forehead outside the tower.
Tongguan was established in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Guancheng was built on the Loess Plateau, and moved several miles to the south during the Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Tongguan moved northward under the plateau, forming today's former site of Tongguan City. Jintong County was established in the Tang Dynasty, Tongguan Wei in the Ming Dynasty and Tongguan County in the Qing Dynasty, which was attacked in the Republic of China.
Tongguan is located at the intersection of the Yellow River, at the junction of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, and at the crossroads from Chang 'an to Luoyang Post Road. It's the key to Sanqin. Therefore, since the end of the Han Dynasty, it has become the only place for the east to enter the Central Plains and the west to enter the Guanzhong and Western Regions, and it has always been a battleground for military strategists. Known as "the first risk in Guinea", "the throat of four towns" and "a hundred roads lead to two roads".
3. Jiayuguan
Jiayuguan, known as "the first male pass in the world", is located in the middle of the narrowest valley 5 kilometers west of Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province. The walls on both sides of the city pass through the desert Gobi, connecting the Great Wall of Montenegro in the north and the first pier in the world in the south. It is the westernmost part of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. It was once called the throat of Hexi in history. Because of its steep terrain and magnificent architecture, it is called lock key.
Jiayuguan is the traffic fortress of the ancient Silk Road and one of the three wonders of the Great Wall of China (Shanhaiguan in the east, Beitai in the middle and Jiayuguan in the west).
Jiayuguan was founded in the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1372). It consists of inner city, outer city, Luocheng, Wengcheng, moat and the Great Wall on the north and south wings, with a total length of about 60 kilometers.
Towers, piers and forts are scattered all over the Great Wall, which consists of three lines of defense: inner city, outer city and moat, overlapping defense, forming a defense system of five miles, one long, ten miles, one pier, three miles, one fort and a hundred miles.
4. Juyongguan
Juyongguan, a famous ancient Guancheng along the Great Wall in the north of Beijing, is one of the "Nine Wonders in the World" and the eighth of the "Eight Dragons in Taihang Mountain", and is a state-level cultural relics protection unit.
The valley where Guancheng is located belongs to the mountainous area where Taihang Mountain is a military stronghold. The western hills are sandwiched with huge streams and cliffs, and the terrain is extremely dangerous. Juyongguan, Zijingguan, Daomaguan and Guguan are also called the four famous passes in western Beijing in Ming Dynasty, among which Juyongguan, Zijingguan and Daomaguan are also called the inner three passes.
Juyongguan is one of the four important checkpoints, including Nankou, Juyongguan, Shangguan and Badaling.
5. Friendship Pass
Friendship Pass is one of the top ten famous passes in China. On the left of the building is the wall of Zuobi Mountain, and on the right is the wall of Fu You Mountain, just like a huge python connecting the foothills of two mountains.
Friendship Pass is located at the southwest end of Pingxiang City, Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The end of National Highway 322 passes through Youyiguan Arch and connects with Vietnam Highway. It is an important land passage to Vietnam, a national first-class port, and it is 8 km away from Pingxiang City/Kloc-0.
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