First, the Versailles-Washington system.
Formation: After World War I, the victorious allies held a peace conference in Paris, France, to re-divide the world. The Peace Treaty of Versailles signed at the meeting and the peace treaties with Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria are collectively called the Peace Treaty of Paris, which established the imperialist ruling order in Europe, West Asia and Africa after the war and is called the Versailles system. 1921/kloc-0 June/2002 to/kloc-0 February/922, nine countries, including the United States, Britain, France, Japan and China, signed the "Nine-Nation Convention" and other international treaties that seriously harmed China's interests, which constituted the ruling order of post-war imperialism in the Far East and the Pacific.
Because the system is based on the fact that the victorious country divides the defeated country and the powerful country divides the weak country, there are complex contradictions in the system. Due to the uneven distribution of spoils, the contradiction between the victorious countries has not really subsided; Imperialism's "mandated rule" over the defeated colonies further deepened the contradiction between imperialism and colonies. With Germany tearing up the Treaty of Versailles, vigorously expanding its army, entering the unarmed zone of the Rhine River and the September 18th Incident made in Japan in 193 1, it broke through the shackles of the Washington system. The "Versailles-Washington system" existed in name only, but the "Versailles-Washington system" was completely disintegrated with the outbreak of World War II when Germany raided Poland in199 and the expansion of World War II when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in194/0.
Second, the Yalta system based on the bipolar hegemony pattern of the United States and the Soviet Union.
Formation: after the end of World War II, the balance of world power has changed greatly, and the United States has become the number one power in the capitalist world; Countries such as Britain and France are weak, and Germany and Japan mean defeated countries; The Soviet Union has strengthened its economic and military strength and become the only country in the world that can compete with the United States. Shortly after the war, the basis of cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union ceased to exist, and the contradictions and conflicts between the two countries in the ideological field and national interests intensified. 1The introduction of Truman Doctrine in March, 947 marked the official breakdown of the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union. Capitalist countries headed by the United States began to implement the "cold war" policy towards socialist countries such as the Soviet Union. With the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a capitalist camp headed by the United States, and the Warsaw Treaty Organization, a socialist country headed by the Soviet Union, a bipolar pattern headed by the United States and the Soviet Union finally formed, forming a cold war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union.
In the late 1950s, the Soviet Union adopted a foreign policy of striving for world hegemony, and the pattern of hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union gradually took shape. The two sides began a 30-year-long battle for hegemony. By the end of 1980s and the beginning of 1990s, with the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the bipolar pattern collapsed, the cold war ended, and the Yalta system, a new pattern of international relations established after World War II, ended.
Third, the multipolarization trend of the current world political structure.
With the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the bipolar pattern of confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union ended, and the world temporarily formed a situation of "one superpower and many powers". However, in the long run, the trend of multipolarization in the world is irreversible and inevitable. After the end of the bipolar structure, the United States has become the only superpower in the world, but the alliance of European Union, Japanese, Russian, China and other countries is also an important force in the international structure. Although regional conflicts and local wars continue, hegemonism and power politics still seriously affect world peace and security, the general trend of the world situation is towards relaxation, the world pattern is developing towards multipolarization, and economic strength plays a decisive role in the formation of a new world pattern.