1789 French revolution, I think there are too many central figures in the whole world ~ of course, most people like Napoleon of the French Empire as the center. But I am more inclined to pay attention to Montesquieu, who has made great contributions to the legal theory of bourgeois countries and put forward the theory of "separation of powers" on the basis of Locke's thought of separation of powers. At present, many democratic countries are influenced by it. Is this breaking through the cage?
Martin Luther's religious reform, he is one of the main founders of Protestantism in belief and system, and the Protestant ethics that affect many countries at present originate from this. I can't remember the details ... maybe it was the reform caused by the struggle for the right to interpret the Bible ... At that time, it was very difficult for the priest to marry a wife, but he did it ... This should be considered as a great ideological breakthrough. ...
Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations clearly pointed out the importance of division of labor and the superiority of free market ... which laid the foundation of capitalist market economy theory. Well (expressing hesitation, etc.) ... I said that Roosevelt's New Deal in the United States was an innovation in the concept of free market, but what you want is the history of Western Europe. ...
The influence of Jewish Einstein's theory of relativity on Newtonian mechanics ... this can be counted ... but it's still not from Western Europe ~
The establishment of the Dutch stock exchange is self-evident to the formation of the world capital system. )
Almost ~ If I can remember it, I'll add a reply ~
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Hehe, sorry, I thought of another one ~
In Montmartre Heights, Paris in the early 20th century, a group of crazy painters made unremitting efforts to innovate the art system ~
Representative: Picasso
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Another wave of French movies in the 1960s ~
The representative figure is Godard.