Zuo Zhuan is the first masterpiece of China's historical biographical literature. Its narrative is meticulous, vivid, beautiful, concise and colorful, and has successfully created many distinctive characters. It narrates typical events, pays attention to contradictions and conflicts, pays attention to detail description, highlights psychological activities, records personalized language, makes the characters vivid and vivid, and has high typicality and touching artistic charm. First, the narrative method of Zuo Zhuan Zuo Zhuan is a chronological history book, and the narrative of the characters is flowing. However, the narrator of Zuo Zhuan writes about people because of events, integrates characters into events, writes characters from notes, reveals different aspects of characters' personalities in different ways with many different events in different times, and finally forms a complete artistic image. In Shuo Wen Jie Zi and China's classical novels, Sun divided the characters into two modes-cumulative type and flash type. Many great monarchs and Qing literati belong to the "cumulative type" because their deeds are scattered in the narratives of Zuozhuan in various ages. Only by linking the relevant contents of several years can a complete character image be formed. The vast majority of characters only express their personality through one thing, and their brushwork is extremely flexible. For one thing, one person, or one person, the words are concise and vivid. Although the appearance of these characters is fleeting, it leaves a very vivid impression on people. Wang Jingyu said in China's Early Narrative Research: "In China's narrative works, especially Zuo Zhuan, we will meet many static characters, which is a remarkable feature. The character of a still character remains the same throughout the story. In Zuo Zhuan, it seems that as long as the characters are fixed in a certain mold, they are usually static and rarely break through. According to their social status and moral quality, we find the following types in Zuo Zhuan: kind and capable rulers; A bad and stupid ruler; A wise and loyal minister; A powerful, ambitious and evil minister; Suffering from the persistent idea of' selfless and far-sighted woman' by superficial poor ghosts; A woman who brings disaster to the country and people; Willing to sacrifice his life to protect a bad and useless master. Therefore, the narration of characters in Zuo Zhuan has the characteristics of typology, flattening and stillness. The narrator of Zuo Zhuan narrates the characters on the basis of history. For example: 1, no friends, no filial piety, no infidelity "Zheng Boke Duan Yan" is the first major event in Zuo Zhuan. At this time, shortly after Zheng Zhuanggong succeeded to the throne, his younger brother competed with him for the throne. He let his brother expand his territory to support his evil, and when the time is right, he will destroy it. On the surface, he tolerated waiting, but in fact, he deliberately eradicated the root cause and saw friends with ulterior motives. Zhuanggong was extremely resentful to his mother, but later, in order to show his hypocritical filial piety, he used the method of digging a tunnel on the "dead end" to see his mother, which showed his unfilial heart. After three years of seclusion, Zhou Pingwang didn't want Zheng Zhuanggong to be the royal Zuo Qingshi. Zheng Zhuanggong was dissatisfied and Zhou Pingwang was worried, so the two sides exchanged princes as a guarantee. Later, when he failed to fulfill his promise, he sent someone to plunder the wheat of the Zhou royal family; In autumn, he took his food again, which shows his arrogance and disloyalty to Zhou. Both overbearing and using the Zhou royal family. Shortly after the "Covenant", I went to the court for six years and went to the court for eight years until the Zhou royal family understood. 2. Greed, hypocrisy and treachery conspired to hide the public for eleven years, and joined Qilu to cut Xu. Although he is ambitious, he is afraid to ask permission directly. He asked Dr. Xu Bailifeng and Uncle Xu to live in the east. As a puppet regime, he also asked Dr. Zheng Gongsun Di to live in the west to supervise. When he talked to Dr. Xu, he began by comforting and complimenting Xu, and finally said, "My son is here not only to do what he promised, but also to strengthen me." On the surface, I hope Guo Xu will protect Zheng Guo, but in fact, I hope Guo Xu will always be its protector. This passage not only supports Guo Xu, but also reflects Zheng Bo's "forbearance". This shows its greed and hypocrisy. In the fifth year of Huan Gong, Zheng Zhuanggong defeated Julian Waghann. The son of heaven himself was wounded by an arrow. Zheng Zhuanggong did not pursue Julian Waghann, but comforted Julian Waghann and pretended to be merciful. His lewd character reached its peak at this time. Second, the narrative skills of Zuo Zhuan 1. The princes, ministers, their followers and saboteurs played a major role in historical events. The Spring and Autumn Period was turbulent and political and military disputes continued. Most of the characters in Zuo Zhuan showed their personality characteristics in major political and military disputes in the form of narrative prose. Zuo Zhuan is mainly narrative, and all kinds of characters, including life details, are associated with historical events. For example, the contradiction between Zheng Zhuanggong and his mother and brother is manifested in the struggle for power, rather than family chores. Zuo Zhuan shows the changes of the main characters' personalities and feelings through detailed descriptions, and gradually deepens the characters' images. Zheng Zhuanggong will imprison his mother and swear that if he is not as good as the grave, he will not satisfy her. But then "conscience" found out, so he met his mother with a plan to see Uncle Ying in the tunnel. The detailed description here reveals the falsity of filial piety and enriches the image of Zheng Zhuanggong. 2. The narrative of Zuo Zhuan uses a variety of narrative techniques, such as narrative supplement, narrative interpolation and narrative pursuit. Among them, there are also many descriptive techniques in the description of the details of the characters. The use of these narrative techniques makes the characters' personalities more distinct. For example; Write an article about Zhong Er's escape, starting from 19 years ago; At the beginning of Zheng Boke Duan and Yan, the contradiction with his mother and brother was buried, which laid the groundwork for the later performance of Zhuang Gong's character. 3. Dialogues and actions in the narration of Zuo Zhuan are the main means to express the characters' behaviors, but seldom describe the subjective factors such as the characters' appearance and psychology. Show the characters' images through their actions and dialogues in major historical events. For example, in the Battle of Saddle, Mock was injured by an arrow, bleeding and choking, and the drums kept beating, saying, "I'm sick!" " Zhang Hou said: "From the beginning, the arrow penetrated my hand and elbow, and the rest were folded to protect me. How dare I speak ill? " . My son endured it! "He said slowly," from the beginning, if there is danger, I will get off the cart. Do you know that?/You know what? But the child is sick! " Zhang Hou said, "The teacher's eyes and ears are on my flag, and I will advance and retreat. This car is a temple for one person and can collect things. If so, how can it defeat the sick monarch? If you have a weapon, you will die. My son will encourage me before I die! "Left tied, right tied, drumming. Ma Yi couldn't stop, so she used it for reference. Qi Jun was completely defeated. One by one, three Zhou Hua didn't pay attention. Sophia Kao, Zhang Hou, and Zheng Qiu, as formidable enemies, reappeared their spirit of death in their dialogues and actions. Third, the evaluation of the characters in Zuo Zhuan There are many ways to evaluate the narrator in Zuo Zhuan, one of which is to directly introduce comments after the narrative, and evaluate historical figures in the form of "gentleman's words", "Confucius's words" or other famous people's words. The author himself doesn't speak, but expresses his views in the name of others. When the narrator expresses Zheng Zhuanggong's disloyalty, unfilial, disloyal and disrespectful, he expresses it through the words and deeds of the characters in the event, and rarely makes direct subjective evaluation. At the same time, the author is good at depicting characters through comparison. For example, after intentionally offending Zhou, paying tribute to Zhou not only mocked the incompetence of King Xiang of Zhou, exposed the decline of Zhou Dynasty, but also satirized his talent and hypocrisy. This work is actually the beginning of Zuo Zhuan and the epitome of the collapse of rites and music in the whole Spring and Autumn Period. Uncle Ying Kao in the works is a nobody, but his role should not be underestimated. At the end of the article, the "gentleman's words" is used as an excuse to intervene in the comments, praising Uncle Ying Kao's filial piety, which shows the author's attitude and intention to maintain the ritual and music system. In most cases, the narrator of Zuo Zhuan makes comments under the guise of public opinion experts, without directly judging right and wrong or changing the principle of criticizing characters. For example, a gentleman said, "Faith is not true, but quality is useless. If you walk with forgiveness, you should be polite. Although there is no quality, who can do it? You can indulge in ghosts and gods with clear faith, but you can't be ashamed of princes. What's more, how can a gentleman keep the trust of the two countries and act with courtesy? Elegant apples, elegant reeds, loyalty and kindness. "This paragraph does not explain from the front who is right and who is wrong about Zhou and Zheng, but that both sides should not betray etiquette and not be unfaithful or unbelieving. In an era of ritual collapse and music collapse, Zheng Zhuanggong's refusal to make a commitment is considered valuable. The author criticized Zheng Zhuanggong's handling of the "epiphysis" incident with a sentence of "unjust, false and wrong cases", which shows that the author is very principled about things and not people.