Zhongshan was called "Xiangshan" in ancient times. According to the records in Taiping Global Records of the Tang Dynasty, Wugui Mountain in its territory is rich in exotic flowers and herbs, and its fragrance overflows for dozens of miles, hence the name Xiangshan. According to archaeological excavations, in the Neolithic Age more than 5,000 years ago, there were indigenous Guyue people fishing and living here.
Before 2 14, after Qin Shihuang pacified Baiyue land in Lingnan area, it belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State, which belonged to Nanyue State. In BC 1 1 1, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed Nanyue State, and Nanyue State returned to the central jurisdiction of the Han Dynasty, belonging to Panyu County, Nanhai County, and continued to the Jin Dynasty. During the Jin Dynasty, this place was changed to Dongguan County. In the Tang Dynasty, this place was set as Xiangshan Town, which belonged to Dongguan County. In the 22nd year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 152), Xiangshan Town was upgraded to Xiangshan County due to its development, and Zhongshan was divided into county-level administrative divisions. At this time, Xiangshan County belongs to guangzhou fu. From Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty, Xiangshan County was listed as a lower county according to its population and tax status. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, due to the development of Xiangshan, it was listed as a big county alongside Nanhai, Panyu and Dongguan.
During the First Opium War, Xiangshan, located on the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary, was one of the battlefields. 1839, Lin zexu came to Guangdong to ban smoking. /kloc-August 0/6, stationed in Xiangshan county, ordered the Australian and Portuguese authorities to expel British businessmen, lawyers and others. 1840, after the outbreak of the first opium war, British warships sailed for Macao, closed the city gates and landed forcibly. The Qing army made a reluctant resistance in Xiangshan. After the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty opened its doors and students began to study in Xiangshan. Some of them, such as Sun Yat-sen, Tang, Yang and Su, became celebrities in China's modern history.
Macao originally belonged to Xiangshan County. In the thirty-second year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1553), the Portuguese took the opportunity to settle in Macao Peninsula. After the First Opium War, in the 25th year of Daoguang (1845), the Portuguese declared Macao a "free port". 1849, the Portuguese expelled Xiangshan County, Wang Xia Village, and occupied Macau.
In the Revolution of 1911, Xiangshan was the third recovered county in Guangdong. 191110 After the Wuchang Uprising in June, the Hong Kong General Office of the League decided to launch the first uprising in Guangdong in Xiangshan. After the uprising, Lin, Zheng Bi 'an, Lin Jinghun and others led troops to attack Xiangshan County, and recovered Xiangshan on June 1 1.6. 14 (1925), the first interim president of the Republic of China, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, passed away. In memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the then Marshal's Office of the Republic of China in Lu Haijun decided to rename Xiangshan County, Sun Yat-sen's hometown, to Zhongshan County.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, in July 1937, the Japanese army occupied some coastal islands in Zhongshan County. 1On March 5, 940, the Japanese Fujii Corps invaded Zhongshan with 1000 troops, and on March 5, 15, most of the county town fell. 1942 in April, China * * * set up an anti-Japanese guerrilla in Wuguishan. This team and some remnants of the Kuomintang in China jointly launched guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. 1945 65438+ 10/5. The Pearl River Column of South China People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla in the Communist Party of China (CPC) was established in Gushi Ancestral Temple in Wuguishan. 1August 1945 15, Japan announced its unconditional surrender and Zhongshan recovered.
1945+0 1 to 1948 During the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China in autumn, the Kuomintang troops in Zhongshan County launched four attacks on the armed organizations of the Communist Party of China in Wugui Mountain and Fenghuang Mountain. 1949, 10 year 10. On October 30th, China People's Liberation Army captured Shi Qi, Zhongshan County, and China Kuomintang army was defeated. From then on, China * * * and the People's Republic of China (PRC) government he established began to rule Zhongshan County.
During the period of People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC), Zhuhai County was included in Zhongshan County in 196 1, and some places were included in Doumen County, Panyu County, Shunde County and Xinhui County successively, and the area of Zhongshan decreased by 43%. Since 1979, Zhongshan has implemented the policy of reform and opening up, mainly in the form of "three subsidies" and joint ventures with foreign investors. 1980 Zhongshan Hot Spring Hotel is the first hotel in Guangdong to introduce foreign capital. After several years of development, the economy has made great progress. 1983, with the approval of the State Council, China, Zhongshan was divided into districts from counties and became a county-level city. 1988 upgraded to a prefecture-level city.
economy
Zhongshan is one of the coastal cities that opened to the outside world earlier in China. In the late 1960s, it was also called "Guangdong Four Little Dragons" with Dongguan, Nanhai and Shunde. After more than 20 years of reform and opening up, Zhongshan has gradually become a fast-growing industrialized city with an export-oriented economy from an ordinary agricultural county.
According to the data of Zhongshan Municipal Bureau of Statistics, in 2004, the GDP of Zhongshan City was 610/0.40 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7% over the previous year, ranking third in Guangdong Province. Among them, the GDP of private economy is 26610.3 billion yuan, accounting for 43.6% of the city's GDP. According to the registered population, the city's per capita GDP reached 44,005 yuan, equivalent to 53 15 US dollars. The registered urban unemployment rate is 2.3%. According to the comprehensive competitiveness evaluation of 200 large and medium-sized cities in China by China Academy of Social Sciences in 2004, Zhongshan ranked 15.
outstanding
Zhongshan, a bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen, is a city with profound cultural and historical background. In modern times, a large number of celebrities have emerged. The following are some outstanding figures in various fields:
Sun Yat-sen (1866—1925) was born in Cuiheng Village, Nanlang, Xiangshan County. The establishment of the Republic of China abolished the feudal system in China for thousands of years, and he became the first interim president of the Republic of China, and was honored as the "father of the country" or "revolutionary forerunner" by Chinese people.
Tang Shao Yi (1859—1938), born in Xiangshan County (now Tangjia Town, Zhuhai), is the Premier of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Ruan (1910-1935) is from Zuobutou Village, Nanlang, Xiangshan County. China is a famous actress in the silent film era, and her masterpiece Goddess.
Rong Guotuan (1937—1968) is a native of Zhongshan county. The male table tennis player, 1959, became the first table tennis world champion in People's Republic of China (PRC).
Su (1884—19 18) is a native of Xiangshan county. He was a poet, writer and translator at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. Later generations compiled his works into The Complete Works of Schumann.
Fang Cheng (19 18) was born in Xiangshan County. Contemporary cartoonist, honorary president of China News Cartoon Research Association, etc.
Sun Ke (189 1 year-1973), son of Sun Yat-sen, served as the vice chairman of the National Government, the Legislative Yuan and the Executive Yuan from 1947 to 1948.
Yang (189 1 year-1923) is a native of Beitai Village, Xiangshan County. 1922 served as Director of Aviation Administration, and 1923 built the first military aircraft designed and produced by China.
Wang (1888—1979), a native of Xiangshan. /kloc-in charge of the commercial press in the 1920s,/kloc-in 1948, he became the finance minister of the Executive Yuan of the National Government, during which he introduced the golden coupons.
Lu (1868—1895) is from Xiangshan. One of the initiators of Guangzhou Uprising, and the designer of Qingtianbaiqi.
Zheng (1842—192 1 year) was born in Xiangshan. He was a famous thinker and industrialist in modern China, living in Macau, and was called "the son of Macau".
Hong Rong (1828—19 12) was born in Xiangshan (now Nanping Town, Zhuhai City). 65438-0854 graduated from an American university and was praised as "the first person to study in China".
Xiao (1884—1940), from Xiangshan. Dr Ryder, composer and music theorist. Pioneers and founders of modern music education in China.
Zhongshan is rich in products, such as almond cake, Huangpu bacon, pink fruit and golden color, March red litchi, Shenwan pineapple, Shiqizhou longan, lush banana and so on. Among them, almond cake is the most famous. The almond cakes in Zui Xiang Garden are the most authentic, with a history of nearly a hundred years. The original almond cake was ground into powder from mung beans and then made into almond cake. A piece of pork with sugar stains is sandwiched between cakes and baked into mung bean cakes. Almond cake is also named after its shape, and now it has been improved into a round cake.